CN115606553A - Breeding method of restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and separate reeling of male and female silkworms - Google Patents
Breeding method of restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and separate reeling of male and female silkworms Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding a restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and reeling of male and female silkworms, and relates to the technical field of silkworm breeding. The invention comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) creation of a restricted red egg breeding material: feeding a restricted red egg basic strain w300 (mixed harvest feeding, the female ratio of black eggs and the male ratio of red eggs are both about 90 percent) introduced from a silkworm gene bank for subculture, and making silkworm eggs into loose eggs by chasing moths; g1 generation single moth breeding 10 moth pens (red and black eggs of each moth pen are bred separately). The method has wide adaptability, most silkworm varieties popularized in production can adopt the method to carry out restricted red egg breeding improvement, the bred restricted red egg silkworm varieties are separated into black eggs and red eggs by using a color sorting egg separator after being made into loose eggs, each machine can sort 40 hybrids per hour, the sorting accuracy rate is 97%, the male and female sorting speed is high, the accuracy rate is high, and simultaneously, compared with the existing sex-controlled silkworm varieties, the method has outstanding characteristics and obvious advantages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silkworm breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding a restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and separate reeling of male and female silkworms.
Background
The sericulture industry in China has a long history, and currently, the sericulture is still a pillar industry in many rural areas, and especially has very important status and function in the strategy of countryside revivification. The sex control is always the hot direction of domestic and foreign silkworm breeding research, and the sex control is realized in the production of silkworm seeds and silkworm cocoon silks by utilizing the restriction genes, the sex-linked genes, the balanced lethal genes and the like of the silkworms to breed silkworm varieties, and has three main aspects of significance: (1) In silkworm seed production, male and female silkworms are separated in an egg or larva stage, so that the contradiction of labor force shortage and shortage of pupa identification technicians caused by centralized silkworm pupa male and female identification in a seed production stage can be relieved; meanwhile, labor cost can be saved. (2) In the production of raw silk raw material cocoons, separate breeding of male and female silkworms and separate reeling of male and female cocoons can be realized, the raw silk quality is improved, different requirements are met, and the benefits are improved. (3) The special breeding of male silkworms can be carried out, the silk yield of fresh cocoons of the male silkworms is high, the leaf silk conversion rate is high, the grade of reeled raw silks is high and can generally reach more than 6A grade, and the income of silkworm farmers and silk factories can be obviously increased.
The breeding research of silkworm varieties capable of controlling the sex of silkworms in China begins in the 80 th 20 th century, and many colleges and research institutions develop research work in the aspect of the breeding research, and many silkworm varieties capable of realizing sex control are successfully bred, including: restricted speckles, restricted cocoon color, balanced lethal male silkworm varieties, and the like. However, the current silkworm variety sex control technology in China has low popularization rate in production or unsatisfactory application effect, and the main restriction factors lie in that the silkworm varieties have limitations: (1) The restricted stripe variety belongs to the stripe restriction of larva, male and female identification is needed to be carried out in the fourth and fifth instar larva stages of silkworm and the male and female identification is separately fed, the identification is still feasible in silkworm seed production, and the identification of male and female in cocoon silk production basically has no operability due to the shortage of labor force. (2) The limited yellow cocoon silkworm variety belongs to cocoon color limitation, female cocoon is yellow, male cocoon is white, yellow cocoon can be used for reeling colored silk or making silk wadding quilt, and this kind of variety can only be popularized and applied as special variety at present, and its market share is very small. (3) The method is characterized in that a balanced lethal silkworm variety, female silkworms of the balanced lethal silkworm variety die in the incubation period or one year, and special male silkworms can be bred, but the balanced lethal silkworm variety has certain limitation in large-scale production, and the production cost of silkworm varieties is doubled mainly because all the female silkworms die and the number of the heads of one silkworm variety is only half that of the heads of common silkworm varieties. (4) A restricted white egg silkworm variety, female egg black and male egg yellow white, separates female and male eggs by a color egg sorting machine, can realize separate breeding of female and male silkworms and separate reeling of female and male cocoons, and at present, a restricted red egg gene is not applied to silkworm breeding internationally and domestically, so that the restricted red egg silkworm variety breeding method suitable for separate breeding and separate reeling of female and male silkworms is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding a restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and reeling of male and female silkworms, which solves the existing problems: (1) The restricted stripe variety belongs to the stripe restriction of larva, male and female identification is needed to be carried out in the fourth and fifth instar larva stages of silkworm and the male and female identification is separately fed, the identification is still feasible in silkworm seed production, and the identification of male and female in cocoon silk production basically has no operability due to the shortage of labor force. (2) The limited yellow cocoon silkworm variety belongs to cocoon color limitation, female cocoon is yellow, male cocoon is white, yellow cocoon can be used for reeling colored silk or making silk wadding quilt, and this kind of variety can only be popularized and applied as special variety at present, and its market share is very small. (3) The method balances dead silkworm varieties, female silkworms of the silkworm varieties die in the incubation period or one year, and can realize the special breeding of male silkworms, but the method has certain limitation in large-scale production, and the production cost of silkworm seeds is doubled mainly because all the female silkworms die and the number of the heads of one silkworm seed is only half of that of the common silkworm seeds. (4) The restricted white silkworm variety has black female egg and yellow white male egg, and can realize separate rearing of female and male silkworms and separate reeling of female and male cocoons by utilizing a color egg sorting machine; however, the male silkworm is a mild oil silkworm and has the defects of influence on robustness and the like because the male egg (yellow-white) is similar to the egg without sperm in color and is not easy to distinguish and remove.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for breeding a restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and reeling of male and female silkworms, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) creation of a restricted red egg breeding material: feeding and subculturing a restricted red egg basic strain w300 (mixed harvest feeding, the female ratio of black eggs and the male ratio of red eggs are about 90 percent) introduced from a silkworm gene bank, and making silkworm eggs into loose eggs by one moth; breeding 10 moth rings by G1 generation single moths (red eggs and black eggs of each moth ring are separately bred), investigating the male-female proportion of the black eggs and the red eggs of each moth ring after cocooning, and reserving moth rings with all black eggs being female pupae and all red eggs being male pupae for self-copulation subculture; selecting female single moths in each generation G2 to breed 10 moth rings (the red eggs and the black eggs of each moth ring are separately raised), investigating the male-female proportion of the black eggs and the red eggs of each moth ring after cocooning, if all the black eggs and all the red eggs in the same female 10 moth ring are male pupas, reserving seeds for the female (otherwise, the female is completely eliminated), weighing and selecting the moths in the moth area with the best robustness and cocoon performance, and performing excellent individual selfing and subculture; G3-G4 generation continues 10 moth-ring single moth breeding (each moth-ring red and black eggs are separately bred), all black eggs of the moth-ring are female pupae, all red eggs are male pupae, and all black eggs of G2-G4 continuous three generations are female and all red eggs are male, so that a restricted red egg breeding material XH01 with stable restricted red egg gene expression is obtained;
step (2) Chinese systematic breeding of restricted red egg variety: one way is to translocate the normal gene on chromosome W to re-the translocation fragment (W) ⌒+re ) Introducing middle-line excellent breeding material, hybridizing with restricted red egg breeding material HX01 (hereinafter referred to as B) as female parent and middle-line excellent breeding material (hereinafter referred to as A) as male parent, backcrossing female and male in each generation, breeding male and female in each generation by moth area, individually weighing and selecting female cocoon, selecting whole cocoon with the total cocoon content not less than averageBackcrossing A male of individual with the value and cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value, continuously backcrossing 8 times (BC 8), and obtaining the translocation fragment (W) which is the normal gene containing the para-re on the W chromosome from G9 generation ⌒+re ) And the genetic material is similar to A, and the economic character is equivalent to A;
the other way is to introduce recessive red ovum gene (re/re) into a middle line excellent breeding material, taking A as a female parent and B as a male parent to perform hybridization and backcross, G1 (F1) male backcross A (more than 6 moths), G2 (more than 20 moths) selfing, G3 red ovum male backcross A (more than 6 moths), G4 (more than 6 moths) male backcross A (more than 6 moths), G5 (more than 20 moths) selfing, G6 red ovum male backcross A (more than 6 moths), G7 (more than 6 moths) male backcross A (more than 6 moths) and G8 (more than 20 moths) selfing; adopting moth area mixed breeding for each generation, carrying out individual weighing selection on the silkworm cocoons, and selecting individuals with the whole cocoon quantity more than or equal to the average value and the cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value to backcross A females (generation selfing needing selfing); feeding the G9 generation with red eggs to obtain a material D which contains recessive red egg homozygous gene (re/re), has genetic material similar to A and has economic character equivalent to A;
c and D of G9 generation, namely, breeding 1 region in a mixed manner in each moth region, weighing and selecting individual silkworm cocoons, selecting the whole cocoon weight = average value plus or minus standard deviation, selecting individual cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value, breeding more than 6 moths by C female multiplied by D red-eye male eggs; the method comprises the following steps of G10 generation moth area mixed breeding 1 area, weighing and selecting silkworm cocoon individuals, selecting total cocoon weight = average value +/-standard deviation, cocoon layer rate not less than average value individuals, selfing, producing more than 20 moths, G11 selecting moth areas with red eggs, separating black eggs from the red eggs, mixing and collecting 1 area, weighing and selecting the silkworm cocoon individuals, selecting the total cocoon weight = average value +/-standard deviation, selecting cocoon layer rate not less than average value individuals, black eggs multiplied by red eye, producing more than 20 moths, selecting egg rings of halves of the black eggs (namely black eggs: red eggs = 1) in G12 generation and G15 generation single breeding, selecting the silkworms in the areas and the individuals by adopting a conventional breeding method, selecting the total cocoon weight, the cocoon layer rate and utilizing a ZHJ-20 intelligent live pupa silk reeling machine to perform live silk selection, reeling silk selection, combining properties, silk length, cocoon resolution, titer and knot selection, stabilizing strain biological performance, breeding, selecting and breeding, performing summer silk selection, and breeding restriction breeding on summer silk and summer silk 15 earnings;
and (3) restricted red egg variety Japanese system breeding: one way is to translocate the normal gene on chromosome W to re, the translocation fragment (W) ⌒+re ) Introducing a good breeding material of a daily line, hybridizing by taking a restricted red egg breeding material XH01 (hereinafter referred to as b) as a female parent and a good breeding material of a daily line (hereinafter referred to as a) as a male parent, backcrossing male and female of each generation, mixing and breeding male and female cocoons by adopting a moth area of each generation, carrying out individual weighing and selection on the female cocoons, selecting individual backcross male and female a with the total cocoon quantity more than or equal to an average value and the cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value, and after 8 times of continuous backcrossing (BC 8), obtaining a translocation fragment (W8) which is a normal gene containing the re on the W chromosome from the G9 generation ⌒+re ) And the genetic material is similar to a, and the economic character is equivalent to a;
the other way is to introduce recessive red egg gene (re/re) into a good breeding material of a Japanese line, and perform hybridization and backcross by taking a as a female parent and b as a male parent, wherein G1 (F1) male backcross a (more than 6 moths), G2 (more than 20 moths) self-crossing of BC1, G3 red egg male backcross a (more than 6 moths), G4 (more than 6 moths) male backcross a (more than 6 moths), G5 (more than 20 moths) self-crossing of BC3, G6 red egg male backcross a (more than 6 moths), G7 (more than 6 moths) male backcross a (more than 6 moths) of BC4 and G8 (more than 20 moths) self-crossing of BC 5; adopting moth area mixed breeding for each generation, carrying out individual weighing selection on the silkworm cocoons, and selecting individuals with the whole cocoon quantity more than or equal to the average value and the cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value for backcrossing a females (generation selfing needing selfing); feeding the red eggs in the G9 generation, and obtaining a material d which contains a red egg homozygous gene (re/re), has genetic material a which is approximately the same and has the economic character equivalent to a;
c and d of G9 generation, each moth area is bred in a mixed mode in an area 1, silkworm cocoon individuals are weighed and selected, the total cocoon weight = the average value +/-standard deviation, the cocoon layer rate is larger than or equal to the average value individual, c female multiplied by d red egg red-eye is male, the breeding is more than 6 moths, the G10 generation moth area is bred in a mixed mode in an area 1, the silkworm cocoon individuals are weighed and selected, the total cocoon weight = the average value +/-standard deviation, the cocoon layer rate is larger than or equal to the average value individual, the silkworm is bred in an selfing mode, G11 is selected from a moth area with red eggs, the black eggs are separated from the red eggs, the mixed breeding in an area 1 is selected, the silkworm cocoon individuals are weighed and selected, the total cocoon weight = the average value +/-standard deviation, the cocoon layer rate is larger than or equal to the average value individual, the black eggs are bred in a female parent red egg red-eye mode, the breeding is larger than 20 moths, and the black eggs in an egg circle in each half of the G12 generation (namely, the black eggs are selected as follows, namely, the black eggs are selected in an area 1. G12-G15 generation single moth breeding, wherein a conventional breeding method is adopted, a moth breeding area is combined with individual selection (including individual weighing and selection of whole cocoon quantity, cocoon layer quantity and cocoon layer rate, and live pupa reeling performed by using a ZHJ-20 intelligent live pupa reeling machine for selecting individual silk length, reelability, titer and knot), strain biological properties and economic properties are stabilized, cocoon silk quality performance is emphasized in spring, robustness performance is emphasized in summer and autumn, and a limited red egg variety is bred through 15 generation breeding;
hybridizing the Chinese system of the restricted red egg variety bred in the step (2) with the Japanese system of the restricted red egg variety bred in the step (3) to obtain a hybrid, namely a restricted red egg silkworm variety suitable for sex separate nutrient reeling; the female parent, the stock and the first generation hybrid of the variety are all restricted red eggs, and are suitable for the separate culture of male and female silkworms.
Further, the line breeding material in the step (2) is P803, and the restricted red egg material XH01 is created by breeding w300 provided by a silkworm gene bank.
Further, the breeding material of the Japanese line in the step (3) is P804, and the restricted red egg material XH01 is created by breeding w300 provided by a silkworm gene library.
Further, in the step (2) and the step (3), the introduction of the restricted red egg gene into the excellent breeding material is carried out simultaneously in two ways, one way is to use the translocation fragment (W) which is the normal gene of re on the W chromosome ⌒+re ) Introducing excellent breeding materials, and adopting the female of each generation as the female parent of recurrent mating to complete 8 times of backcrossing; the other approach is to introduce recessive red egg gene (re/re) into excellent breeding material, use the male of each generation as recurrent mating male parent, and the introduction way adopts continuous hybridization twice and selfing once as circulation, and three circulation are performed totally to complete 5 times of backcross.
Furthermore, the seed production in the step (2) and the step (3) exceeds 6 moths during backcross, the seed production in the selfing exceeds 20 moths, the red egg and egg ring of the offspring is ensured to be around 5 moths, and the operability is realized.
Further, selfing is carried out once after two continuous hybridization in the step (2) and the step (3), red eggs are selected from selfed offspring for feeding, red-eye males of the red eggs are used as backcross male parents, and the red-eye genes are prevented from being lost in the backcross process.
Further, the individual selection method in the step (2) and the step (3) is that: and G1-G8 generations, selecting individuals with the total cocoon weight more than or equal to the average value and the cocoon shell rate more than or equal to the average value, and G9-G15 generations, selecting individuals with the total cocoon weight = the average value plus or minus standard deviation and the cocoon shell rate more than or equal to the average value.
Further, in the step (2) and the step (3), the F15 generation utilizes a ZHJ-20 intelligent live pupa reeling machine to perform live pupa reeling and individual selection, and the range is controlled: the average value of the silk length is larger than or equal to the average value, the reelability is larger than or equal to 50%, the titer = average value +/-0.2D, and the knot number of 200 m is smaller than or equal to the average value.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method has wide adaptability, most silkworm varieties popularized in production can adopt the method to carry out restricted red egg breeding improvement, the bred restricted red egg silkworm varieties are separated into black eggs and red eggs by using a color sorting egg separator after being made into loose eggs, each machine can sort 40 hybrids per hour, the sorting accuracy rate is 97%, the male and female sorting speed is high, the accuracy rate is high, and simultaneously, compared with the existing sex-controlled silkworm varieties, the method has outstanding characteristics and obvious advantages.
2. The invention can realize separate breeding of male and female silkworms in silkworm seed production, does not need pupa discrimination, relieves the shortage contradiction of centralized labor and pupa discrimination technical workers, saves production cost, can realize separate breeding of male and female silkworms and separate reeling of male and female cocoons in raw silk raw material cocoon production, improves raw silk quality, meets different requirements, improves benefits, can specially breed male silkworms, improves the silk yield and the leaf silk conversion rate of fresh cocoons, and increases the income of silkworm farmers and silk factories.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the process flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a method for breeding restricted red-egg silkworm varieties suitable for separate breeding and separate reeling of male and female silkworms, which comprises the following steps (taking the breeding of restricted red-egg silkworm varieties "red limit 1 × red limit 2" as an example):
step one, creating a restricted red egg breeding material: feeding and subculturing a restricted red egg basic strain w300 (mixed harvest feeding, the female ratio of black eggs and the male ratio of red eggs are about 90 percent) introduced from a silkworm gene library of southwest university, and making silkworm eggs into loose eggs one by one; breeding 10 moth rings with G1 generation single moths (red eggs and black eggs of each moth ring are separately bred), investigating the male-female ratio of the black eggs and the red eggs of each moth ring after cocooning, and reserving moth rings in which all the black eggs are female pupae and all the red eggs are male pupae for self-crossing subculture; selecting female single moths in each generation G2 to breed 10 moth rings (the red eggs and the black eggs of each moth ring are separately raised), investigating the male-female proportion of the black eggs and the red eggs of each moth ring after cocooning, if all the black eggs and all the red eggs in the same female 10 moth ring are male pupas, reserving seeds for the female (otherwise, the female is completely eliminated), weighing and selecting the moths in the moth area with the best robustness and cocoon performance, and performing excellent individual selfing and subculture; and (3) continuously breeding 10 moth pens in G3-G4 generations with single moth (red eggs and black eggs of each moth pen are separately bred), wherein the black eggs of all the moth pens are female pupae, the red eggs of all the moth pens are male pupae, and the black eggs of the G2-G4 continuous three generations are female eggs and male eggs, so that the restricted red egg breeding material XH01 with stable restricted red egg gene expression is obtained. The technical route is as follows:
restricted red egg breeding material XH01 creation technology route map
Step two, taking a middle-line excellent breeding material P803 and a restricted red egg breeding material XH01 as parents, and introducing a restricted red egg gene into the P803 through hybridization and backcross modes to obtain a middle-line restricted red egg strain restricted red 1; taking a day-series excellent breeding material P804 and a restricted red egg breeding material XH01 as parents, and introducing the restricted red egg gene into the P804 through hybridization and backcross to obtain the day-series restricted red egg strain restricted red 2.
The technical roadmap is as follows:
restricted red 1 breeding technology route map
Route chart of red 2 limiting breeding technology
And step three, hybridizing the restricted red egg Chinese systematic restricted red 1 and Japanese systematic restricted red 2 with excellent properties obtained in the step two to obtain a hybrid, namely a restricted red egg variety with excellent economic properties and suitable for separate breeding and reeling of males and females, and compared with the existing sex-controlled silkworm variety, the hybrid has outstanding characteristics and obvious advantages.
TABLE 1 comparison table for controlling quality of silkworm varieties with different sexes
Note: manual sorting takes 8 hours as a work meter
Furthermore, the breeding method is divided into four stages, the first stage is the creation of restricted red egg breeding materials, and the creation method is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 restricted Red egg Breeding Material XH01 creation case
Further, in the second stage G1-G8 generation, the restricted red egg gene is respectively introduced into P803 and P804, one is to introduce the normal gene-translocation fragment (W + re) for re on the W chromosome into P803 and P804; another approach is to introduce the recessive erythrocyte gene (re/re) into P803 and P804. The breeding method is shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 Red 1 Limited Breeding method cases
TABLE 4 Red-2 restriction breeding method cases
And further, in the third stage G10-G12, restricted red egg gene purification. G10-G11 mixed breeding, selecting individuals with the total cocoon weight more than or equal to the average value and the cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value, selfing G10 generations, respectively preparing loose eggs by taking moth rings as units, selecting moth areas with existing red eggs by the G11 generations, separating black eggs from the red eggs, breeding 1 area by mixing black eggs and the red eggs, breeding the single moths by using males of the female red egg area of the black egg area and egg rings of half (black eggs: red eggs = 1) of the black eggs and the red eggs by the G12 generations, surveying the moth areas after cocooning, comprising cocoon shapes, color cocoons, crumples shrinkage, evenness, cocooning rate, common cocoon rate, cage death rate, pupa rate, total cocoon weight, cocoon layer weight and cocoon layer rate, keeping two areas with the best comprehensive performance, weighing and selecting individuals with the total cocoon weight = average value +/-standard deviation, the cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the individual moth breeding in each area.
Furthermore, the fourth stage G13-G15 is stable breeding for biological and economic characters. In 15 areas of each generation of single moth, the egg is investigated and selected in the incubation period, which comprises the following steps: egg shape, egg color, laying monkshood, good egg number, good egg rate and the like, and egg circles which are round, pure in egg color, half of black red eggs, good in laying monkshood, high in good egg rate and slightly higher in good egg number are selected and remained; selecting hatching by harvesting ants, and keeping a moth area which is green and hatched uniformly for feeding; examining the uniformity, development, stripe, body color, body shape and the like of the dormancy in the silkworm period, and eliminating the irregular moth area; the moth area survey after cocooning comprises cocoon shape, cocoon color, wrinkle shrinkage, evenness, cocoon forming rate, common cocoon rate, cage death rate, worm pupa rate, total cocoon amount, cocoon shell amount and cocoon shell rate, 3 areas with the best comprehensive performance are reserved for individual weighing and selection, the selected total cocoon amount = average value +/-standard deviation, the cocoon shell rate is not less than the average value, individual moth areas are subjected to selfing and subculture, and more than 20 moths are produced in each area. And (3) selecting live pupa reeling silk selection individuals in the G15 generation of moth selection areas by using a ZHJ-20 intelligent live pupa reeling machine, controlling the range, and limiting red for 1 female: the silk length is more than or equal to 1200 m, the reelability is more than or equal to 50%, the fineness is more than or equal to 2.6D and less than or equal to 3.0D,200 knot is less than or equal to 12, and red 1 is limited: the silk length is more than or equal to 1300 m, the reelability is more than or equal to 50%, the titer is more than or equal to 2.1D and less than or equal to 2.4D,200 knot is less than or equal to 10 knot, and the knot is restricted to 2 knot: the silk length is more than or equal to 1100 m, the reelability is more than or equal to 50%, the fineness is more than or equal to 2.6D and less than or equal to 3.0D,200 knot is less than or equal to 10, and the knot is limited to red 2: the silk length is more than or equal to 1200 meters, the reelability is more than or equal to 50 percent, the titer is more than or equal to 2.0D and less than or equal to 2.4D, and knot is less than or equal to 8 when the knot is 200 meters.
Further, in the stage of single moth breeding, cocoon silk selection is mainly used in the spring stage of breeding the silkworm variety, and robustness selection is mainly used in the summer and autumn stage of breeding the silkworm variety.
One specific application of this embodiment is: the selected midline variety 'Limited red 1' mother seed character: the Chinese system, hybrid fixed species, bivoltine tetrasomnia, is a restricted red egg strain, the female eggs of overyear eggs are gray, the male eggs are orange red, the egg shells are yellow and light yellow, the newly hatched silkworms are uniformly hatched and dark brown, about 2250 head of an ant is caught, the strong silkworm is vegetarian spots, the grey body color and the body shape are thick, the five-year-old process (spring: 7d 12h and autumn: 6d 12h), the whole-year-old process (spring: 25d and autumn: 23 d), the silkworm cocoons are white, short oval, medium in crimple, 1.90 g of the whole cocoon amount, 0.48 g of the cocoon layer amount, 25.00% of the cocoon layer rate, the white moth body color, the black female compound eyes and the dark red male compound eyes. The Japanese line variety "Limited red 2" bred by the embodiment has mother seed characters: the Japanese system, hybrid fixed species, bivoltine tetrasomnia, is a restricted red egg strain, overyear eggs, female eggs, brown purple, male eggs, rose red, egg shells, newly hatched silkworms, black brown, strong dissipation, about 2300 grams of ants, common spots of strong silkworms, body color of bluish white with rice red, body shape of the silkworms is long and thick, five ages of the silkworms pass (spring: 8d, autumn: 7 d), all ages of the silkworms pass (spring: 26d, autumn: 24 d), white silkworm cocoons, light girdling, medium crinkles, 1.90 grams of total cocoon weight, 0.46 grams of cocoon layer weight, 24 percent of cocoon layer, grey white moth bodies, black female compound eyes, dark red male compound eyes and winged veins.
The "Limited red 1" and the "Limited red 2" obtained in the above examples are hybridized to prepare the "Limited red 1 × Limited red 2" which is a restricted red egg silkworm variety with excellent economic character and suitable for sex-division nutrient reeling.
The above-mentioned "red 1 limit" stock, "red 2 limit" stock and "red 1 × red 2 limit" hybrid can utilize the color egg separator to separate male and female, meet the needs of female and male silkworm separate breeding, female and male cocoon separate reeling.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for selectively breeding a restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and separate reeling of male and female silkworms is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) creation of a restricted red egg breeding material: feeding a restricted red egg basic strain w300 (mixed harvest feeding, the female ratio of black eggs and the male ratio of red eggs are both about 90 percent) introduced from a silkworm gene bank for subculture, and making silkworm eggs into loose eggs by chasing moths; breeding 10 moth rings by G1 generation single moths (red eggs and black eggs of each moth ring are separately bred), investigating the male-female proportion of the black eggs and the red eggs of each moth ring after cocooning, and reserving moth rings with all black eggs being female pupae and all red eggs being male pupae for self-copulation subculture; selecting female single moths in each generation G2 to breed 10 moth rings (the red eggs and the black eggs of each moth ring are separately raised), investigating the male-female proportion of the black eggs and the red eggs of each moth ring after cocooning, if all the black eggs and all the red eggs in the same female 10 moth ring are male pupas, reserving seeds for the female (otherwise, the female is completely eliminated), weighing and selecting the moths in the moth area with the best robustness and cocoon performance, and performing excellent individual selfing and subculture; G3-G4 generation continues to breed 10 moth rings and single moths (red eggs and black eggs of each moth ring are separately bred), black eggs of all the moth rings are female pupas, red eggs are male pupas, and black eggs of three consecutive generations G2-G4 are female eggs and red eggs are male eggs, so that the restricted red egg breeding material XH01 with stable restricted red egg gene expression is obtained;
step (2) restricted red egg variety Chinese system breeding: one way is to translocate the normal gene on chromosome W to re-the translocation fragment (W) ⌒+re ) Introducing middle-line excellent breeding material, hybridizing restricted red egg breeding material HX01 (hereinafter referred to as B) as female parent and middle-line excellent breeding material (hereinafter referred to as A) as male parent, backcrossing male and female in each generation, breeding male and female in moth area in each generation, weighing female cocoon individually, selecting individual backcross male and female with total cocoon amount not less than average value and cocoon layer rate not less than average value, backcrossing 8 times (BC 8) continuously, and obtaining translocation fragment (W9 generation) containing normal gene of re on W chromosome ⌒+re ) And the genetic material is similar to A, and the economic character is equivalent to A;
the other way is to introduce recessive red ovum gene (re/re) into a middle line excellent breeding material, taking A as a female parent and B as a male parent to perform hybridization and backcross, G1 (F1) male backcross A (more than 6 moths), G2 (more than 20 moths) selfing, G3 red ovum male backcross A (more than 6 moths), G4 (more than 6 moths) male backcross A (more than 6 moths), G5 (more than 20 moths) selfing, G6 red ovum male backcross A (more than 6 moths), G7 (more than 6 moths) male backcross A (more than 6 moths) and G8 (more than 20 moths) selfing; adopting moth area mixed breeding for each generation, carrying out individual weighing selection on the silkworm cocoons, and selecting individuals with the whole cocoon quantity more than or equal to the average value and the cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value for backcrossing A females (generation selfing needing selfing); feeding the red eggs in the G9 generation to obtain a material D which contains recessive red egg homozygous genes (re/re), has genetic materials similar to A and has economic characters equivalent to A;
c and D of G9 generation, namely, breeding 1 region in a mixed manner in each moth region, weighing and selecting individual silkworm cocoons, selecting the whole cocoon weight = average value plus or minus standard deviation, selecting individual cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value, breeding more than 6 moths by C female multiplied by D red-eye male eggs; the method comprises the following steps of G10 generation moth area mixed breeding 1 area, weighing and selecting silkworm cocoon individuals, selecting total cocoon weight = average value +/-standard deviation, cocoon layer rate not less than average value individuals, selfing, producing more than 20 moths, G11 selecting moth areas with red eggs, separating black eggs from the red eggs, mixing and collecting 1 area, weighing and selecting the silkworm cocoon individuals, selecting the total cocoon weight = average value +/-standard deviation, selecting cocoon layer rate not less than average value individuals, black eggs multiplied by red eye, producing more than 20 moths, selecting egg rings of halves of the black eggs (namely black eggs: red eggs = 1) in G12 generation and G15 generation single breeding, selecting the silkworms in the areas and the individuals by adopting a conventional breeding method, selecting the total cocoon weight, the cocoon layer rate and utilizing a ZHJ-20 intelligent live pupa silk reeling machine to perform live silk selection, reeling silk selection, combining properties, silk length, cocoon resolution, titer and knot selection, stabilizing strain biological performance, breeding, selecting and breeding, performing summer silk selection, and breeding restriction breeding on summer silk and summer silk 15 earnings;
and (3) restricted red egg variety Japanese system breeding: one way is to translocate the normal gene on chromosome W to re-the translocation fragment (W) ⌒+re ) Introducing a good breeding material of a daily line, hybridizing by taking a restricted red egg breeding material XH01 (hereinafter referred to as b) as a female parent and a good breeding material of a daily line (hereinafter referred to as a) as a male parent, backcrossing male and female of each generation, mixing and breeding male and female cocoons by adopting a moth area of each generation, carrying out individual weighing and selection on the female cocoons, selecting individual backcross male and female a with the total cocoon quantity more than or equal to an average value and the cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value, and after 8 times of continuous backcrossing (BC 8), obtaining a translocation fragment (W8) which is a normal gene containing the re on the W chromosome from the G9 generation ⌒+re ) And the genetic material is similar to a, and the economic character is equivalent to a;
the other way is to introduce recessive red egg gene (re/re) into a good breeding material of a Japanese line, and perform hybridization and backcross by taking a as a female parent and b as a male parent, wherein G1 (F1) male backcross a (more than 6 moths), G2 (namely BC 1) selfing (more than 20 moths), G3 red egg male backcross a (more than 6 moths), G4 (namely BC 2) male backcross a (more than 6 moths), G5 (namely BC 3) selfing (more than 20 moths), G6 red egg male backcross a (more than 6 moths), G7 (namely BC 4) male backcross a (more than 6 moths), and G8 (namely BC 5) selfing (more than 20 moths); adopting moth area mixed breeding for each generation, carrying out individual weighing selection on the silkworm cocoons, and selecting individuals with the whole cocoon quantity more than or equal to the average value and the cocoon layer rate more than or equal to the average value for backcrossing a females (generation selfing needing selfing); feeding the red eggs in the G9 generation, and obtaining a material d which contains a red egg homozygous gene (re/re), has genetic material a which is approximately the same and has the economic character equivalent to a;
g9 generation c and d each moth area are mixed to breed 1 area, silkworm cocoon individuals are weighed and selected, the whole cocoon weight = the average value +/-standard deviation, the cocoon layer rate is larger than or equal to the average value individual, c < x > d red egg red eye is more than 6 moths, G10 generation moth area is mixed to breed 1 area, the silkworm cocoon individuals are weighed and selected, the whole cocoon weight = the average value +/-standard deviation, the cocoon layer rate is larger than or equal to the average value individual, selfing is carried out, more than 20 moths are produced, G11 moth areas with red eggs are selected, the black eggs are separated from the red eggs, each mixed area is harvested 1 area, the silkworm cocoon individuals are weighed and selected, the whole cocoon weight = the average value +/-standard deviation, the cocoon layer rate is larger than or equal to the average value individual, the black eggs are multiplied by red eye, more than 20 moths are produced, and G12 generation black eggs are selected from egg rings of half black eggs (namely, black eggs: red egg = 1), continuing subsequent breeding, breeding single moths of G12-G15 generations, combining a moth region with individual selection (including individual weighing and selecting full cocoon quantity, cocoon layer quantity and cocoon layer rate and selecting individual silk length, reelability, fineness and knot by using a ZHJ-20 intelligent live pupa reeling machine for live pupa reeling silk) by adopting a conventional breeding method, stabilizing strain biological characters and economic characters, emphasizing cocoon silk grade in spring, emphasizing robust grade in summer and autumn, and breeding for 15 generations to obtain a Japanese system of the restricted red egg variety;
hybridizing the Chinese system of the restricted red egg variety bred in the step (2) with the Japanese system of the restricted red egg variety bred in the step (3) to obtain a hybrid, namely a restricted red egg silkworm variety suitable for sex separate nutrient reeling; the mother seed, the protospecies and the first generation hybrid seed of the variety are all restricted red eggs and are suitable for the separate culture of male and female silkworms.
2. The method for selectively breeding the restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and reeling of male and female silkworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the breeding material of the line in the step (2) is P803, and the restricted red egg material XH01 is created by breeding w300 provided by a silkworm gene library.
3. The method for selectively breeding the restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and reeling of male and female silkworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) breeding materials of the Japanese line in the step (3) are P804, and the restricted red egg material XH01 is created by breeding w300 provided by a silkworm gene library.
4. The method for selectively breeding the restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and reeling of male and female silkworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2) and the step (3), the restricted red egg gene is introduced into the excellent breeding material in two ways, one way is to carry out translocation segments (W) which are normal genes of re on the W chromosome ⌒+re ) Introducing excellent breeding materials, and adopting the female of each generation as the female parent of recurrent mating to complete 8 times of backcrossing; the other approach is to introduce recessive red ovum gene (re/re) into excellent breeding material, use the male of each generation as recurrent mating male parent, and the introduction way adopts twice continuous hybridization and once selfing as circulation, and three times of circulation are carried out to complete 5 times of backcross.
5. The method for selectively breeding the restricted red-egg silkworm variety adapting to separate breeding and reeling of female and male silkworms according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2) and the step (3), the seed production is more than 6 moths during backcross, and the seed production is more than 20 moths during selfing, so that the red egg of offspring is ensured to be surrounded by 5 moths, and the operability is realized.
6. The method for selectively breeding the restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and reeling of male and female silkworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) selfing once after two continuous crosses, selecting red eggs from selfed offspring for feeding, and taking red-eye males of the red eggs as backcross male parents to ensure that red egg genes are not lost in the backcross process.
7. The method for selectively breeding the restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and reeling of male and female silkworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the individual selection method in the step (2) and the step (3) is as follows: and G1-G8 generations, selecting individuals with the total cocoon weight more than or equal to the average value and the cocoon shell rate more than or equal to the average value, and G9-G15 generations, selecting individuals with the total cocoon weight = the average value plus or minus standard deviation and the cocoon shell rate more than or equal to the average value.
8. The method for selectively breeding the restricted red-egg silkworm variety suitable for separate breeding and reeling of male and female silkworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2) and the step (3), the F15 generation utilizes a ZHJ-20 intelligent live pupa reeling machine to perform live pupa reeling and individual selection, and the range is controlled: the average value of the silk length is larger than or equal to the average value, the reelability is larger than or equal to 50%, the titer = average value +/-0.2D, and the knot number of 200 m is smaller than or equal to the average value.
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