CN108142383B - Method for cultivating double-cocoon silkworm variety - Google Patents
Method for cultivating double-cocoon silkworm variety Download PDFInfo
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- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 15
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- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 235000008582 Pinus sylvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating a variety of silkworm, in particular to a method for cultivating a variety of double-cocoon silkworm, and belongs to the technical field of biology. The invention relates to a breeding method for breeding a double-palace cocoon silkworm variety from the current excellent silkworm variety popularized and applied in the current production according to the genetic rule of a multi-pupa cocoon gene and the action mechanism of the multi-pupa cocoon gene and the environmental condition. The invention adopts the methods of 'cross introduction' and 'generation directional breeding', improves and breeds the current silkworm variety into the double-cocoon silkworm variety containing the mcmc gene combination under the condition of keeping the excellent economic character of the current silkworm variety, and has the characteristics of pure cocoon color, excellent cocoon silk quality and strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating a variety of silkworm, in particular to a method for cultivating a variety of double-cocoon silkworm, and belongs to the technical field of biology.
Background
Silk is one of ancient civilization products in China, the history is more than 5000 years, and a plurality of characters with silk side in oracle bone are good evidences. The silk is the lightest, softest and finest natural fiber in nature, is light and slender, has rich luster, good air permeability and moisture permeability, and is widely applied to the fields of handwork, industry, national defense, medicine and the like. Especially, the silk contains 18 important substances such as amino acids and the like necessary for human bodies, has good health care effect on diseases such as arthritis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, asthma and the like of the human bodies, has the reputation of 'second skin of the human bodies', and has very wide development prospect. The world now forms an international silk industry production pattern dominated by china and including india, uzbeke, brazil, thailand and japan. Under the impact of the world financial crisis which is outbreak in 9 months in 2008, the imbalance of supply and demand of silk trade is intensified, the silk industry enters a new round of adjustment, and the silk industry is recoverably increased along with the rise of cocoon silk price since 2010. At present, the production capacity of silkworm cocoons in the world is about 85 million tons, wherein China accounts for about 79%, India accounts for about 15%, and other countries such as Wutzibek, Baliang, Taitong, Vietnam and the like account for about 6%. At present, the national silk yield is about 15 ten thousand tons. Silk broadcloth commodities are exported by about 30 hundred million dollars. The provinces (directly prefectured cities) with the first five export ranks are as follows: the export sum of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shanghai and Sichuan provinces accounts for about 81 percent of the export sum of silk broadcloth in China. In the face of the international silk market which is low for a long time, the domestic market is actively developed by the cocoon silk industry in China, and the trade volume of silk and silk products accounts for 35 percent of the total silk trade volume in China. The domestic silkworm genetic breeding establishes a world maximum silkworm germplasm resource preservation mechanism taking a silkworm science and education mechanism as a main body, and preserves about l 000 silkworm variety resources and 300 silkworm genetic mutation resources. A perfect system for breeding, breeding and quality inspection of practical varieties of silkworms is established, and regional fine breedings of the varieties of silkworms are comprehensively realized. The level of high-yield high-quality multi-silk silkworm varieties in China reaches the highest level in the world, the quality and the character of raw silks of the medium-fine denier variety bred in recent years are further improved, the breeding of resistant silkworm varieties is a breakthrough, and 2 silkworm varieties with NPV resistance characteristics pass provincial approval and provide important technical support for silkworm industry transfer and silkworm breeding technology simplification. The breeding of the male silkworm variety adopts the parthenogenesis technology to carry out seed production, overcomes the defect of low breeding rate of the male silkworm variety, and is at the international leading level. However, the silk quilts on the market have various quality and large price opening difference, which is mainly related to the adopted material source. Because the silk price is much more expensive than silk floss, the common high-quality single-silk cocoons are used as silk reeling, the rejected secondary cocoons which cannot be used for silk reeling, such as double-silk cocoons, yellow spot cocoons, fly maggot cocoons, thin-skin cocoons and the like, are used as silk quilt materials, wherein the quality of the silk quilt made of the double-silk cocoons is the best, the double-silk cocoons refer to the silk cocoons formed by two silkworm babies which are made together, the shape of the silk cocoons is larger than that of the silk cocoons made of one silkworm, two silkworm chrysalis can be seen after cutting, and because the silk cocoons are mutually wound when the silk cocoons are spun, one silk is not bottom, the lifted silk floss is more fluffy, the sizing is long, and. Obviously, the quality of the doupion silk floss is the most popular, but the quantity of the real doupion silk floss is not large due to the shortage of the raw material cocoons of the doupion. With the continuous improvement of the living standard of the substances of people, the demand of the high-quality and high-grade doupion silk quilt is larger and larger, the existing silkworm varieties all bear single-cocoon, the ratio of bearing double-cocoon is very low, the ratio is below 5 percent, no variety with the double-cocoon rate exceeding more than 5 percent can be bred no matter how the breeding is carried out, and the market demand can not be met. The cultivation of high-quality and high-yield silkworm varieties conforms to the trend of times, the market is huge in the future, the cultivation of the high-quality and high-yield silkworm varieties plays an important role in the development of silk industry in China, and reports on the cultivation of the existing excellent silkworm varieties into the natural silkworm varieties are not yet provided at home and abroad, so that the cultivation of the existing high-quality silkworm varieties into the natural silkworm varieties with high quality and high yield has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating a variety of double-cocoon silkworms, aiming at the defect that the variety of silkworms is difficult to naturally form the double-cocoon in the prior art, and improving the cocooning ratio of the double-cocoon silkworms.
The invention solves the technical problem by the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding a double-cocoon silkworm variety comprises the following steps:
firstly, hybridizing a silkworm variety containing the pupa cocoon recessive character gene mc with a silkworm variety not containing the pupa cocoon recessive character gene mc to obtain a silkworm variety F1 containing the pupa cocoon recessive character gene;
and step two, selfing the silkworm variety F1, and selectively breeding a genotype mcmc homozygous double-cocoon silkworm variety, namely the target variety, through systematic separation and directional selection.
The silkworm variety containing the multi-pupa cocoon recessive character gene mc in the method is a multi-pupa cocoon silkworm variety independently bred by Suzhou university silkworm research institute. The silkworm varieties which do not contain the multi-pupa cocoon recessive character gene mc comprise the current silkworm varieties, the laboratory conservation silkworm varieties and the varieties which are not bred yet.
The invention further provides a method for cultivating the variety of the double-cocoon silkworms, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, hybridizing a silkworm variety containing a multi-pupa cocoon recessive character gene mc with an existing silkworm variety to obtain a silkworm variety F1 containing the multi-pupa cocoon recessive character gene;
and step two, selfing the silkworm variety F1, and carrying out systematic separation and directional selection to breed a genotype mcmc homozygous double-cocoon silkworm variety, namely the target variety.
The two methods all adopt specific environment conditions of mounting: mounting for 1-2 days at 26-28 deg.C and relative humidity of 50-60%, and selecting genotype mcmc homozygous double-cocoon silkworm variety in the next generation by using method of protecting cocoon collection at 24-25 deg.C and relative humidity of 65-75%.
The silkworm species containing the MC gene is characterized in that the rate of double-cocoon in offspring silkworm cocoons is particularly high, two or three silkworm chrysalis are contained in one cocoon, the shape of the silkworm cocoon is larger than that of a single cocoon of the same kind in tomorrow, and the cocoon shell is thick and hard (because one cocoon is formed by spinning two or three silkworms, the silk amount is large). The silkworm variety without gene MC is the current high-quality and high-yield silkworm variety.
In the literature, "improved breed breeding and breeding science of silkworm" (M.: Beijing: the Master edition of agricultural Press, Zhejiang agricultural university, 1991.10.P158-159), the genetic condition of cocoon shape is introduced, and research results show that cocoon shape has ellipse shape, girdling shape, spherical shape, spindle shape and the like, and all varieties have fixed shapes, which indicates genetic characters. Most of Chinese species are oval cocoons, also spherical and spindle cocoons, the Japanese species are almost girdling cocoons, the European species are mostly long oval cocoons with shallow girdling, and the hot belt species are mostly spindle cocoons. Thai spindle cocoons are hybridized with Japanese corset cocoons, Fl is a spindle cocoon, but there are few exceptions to long oval cocoons, and F2 generation is mostly spindle and elliptical, as well as intermediate type cocoons. The oval cocoons are fixed by several generations of selection, while the spindle cocoons cannot be fixed. The obvious and implicit relation among different cocoon shapes is spindle shape > ellipse shape > beam waist shape > oblong shape. From the production practice, the oval cocoons of Chinese species hybridized with the corset cocoons of Japanese species, and the long cylindrical cocoons of F1 generation, which finished micro corset, appeared to be of an intermediate type. The essence of cocoon shape inheritance is the inheritance of cocooning habits, which are influenced to a certain extent by the shape of a cluster, temperature and humidity, light and the like, and are hardly said to be controlled by a few genes. The double-cocoon keeps a certain stable frequency in each variety, is obviously hereditary, but is easily influenced by the cocooning condition. The double-cocoon is generally used for seed reservation, and the rate of the double-cocoon of the offspring is not remarkably high.
Under the condition of keeping the excellent economic character of the current silkworm variety, the invention improves and breeds the silkworm variety into the double-cocoon silkworm variety containing the mcmc gene combination, and has the advantages of pure cocoon color, excellent cocoon silk character and strong practicability. Wherein, the pure cocoon color means that the cocoon color is single and the color difference is very small. If white cocoon, the cocoon is white. The excellent cocoon silk quality means that the cocoon silk quality comprises two parts of cocoon quality and silk quality, and the two indexes can meet the industrial standard as a silkworm variety which can be popularized. For example, in summer and autumn silkworm varieties, the cocoon shell rate is more than 21 percent, and the silk length is more than 1000 meters; the spring silkworm variety has cocoon shell rate over 23% and silk length over 1200 m. Because no report of breeding of the double-cocoon silkworm varieties exists at present, and no industrial standard of the cocoon silk quality of the double-cocoon silkworm varieties exists, the excellent cocoon silk quality means that the cocoon shell rate and the silk yield of the varieties are higher than those of common varieties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the incubation process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the incubation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The silkworm variety containing the recessive character gene mc of the multi-pupa cocoon used in the following examples is a multi-pupa cocoon silkworm variety which is self-bred by the Suzhou university silkworm research institute and can be provided to the public.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a silkworm variety containing a pupa-rich recessive character gene mc is hybridized with an existing silkworm variety to obtain a silkworm variety F1 containing the pupa-rich recessive character gene; selfing the silkworm variety F1, and selecting and breeding the genotype mcmc homozygous double-cocoon silkworm variety in the later generation by a systematic separation and directional selection method.
Example two
In this example, the present silkworm varieties of Pinus sylvestris and Haoyue, which do not contain the gene mc, are introduced with the gene mc by a hybridization method, and the homozygous two-species Pinus sylvestris and Haoyue silkworm with genotype mcmc are bred in the offspring by a systematic separation and directional selection method. The method comprises the following steps: meanwhile, young silkworms of the genetic mc silkworm varieties of the cyanine pine, the Haoyue and the multi-pupa cocoons are bred, female silkworms of the cyanine pine and the Haoyue are respectively selected after being tufted and eclosized, and male silkworms of the multi-pupa silkworm varieties are respectively hybridized to prepare silkworm varieties of cyanine pine multiplied by multi-pupa cocoons and Haoyue multiplied by multi-pupa silkworm F1 generation, then the two young silkworms of the F1 generation silkworm varieties are bred, and are respectively bred after being tufted and eclosized to prepare silkworm varieties of cyanine pine multiplied by multi-pupa cocoons and Haoyue multiplied by multi-pupa cocoon F2 generation silkworm varieties, then silkworm varieties of F2 generation are bred, double-cocoon with high cocoon layer rate and good cocoon shape are selected for reserving the silkworm varieties, single breeding is adopted for the later generations, and a moth area with high double-cocoon rate is selected for reserving the silkworm varieties, and the operations are repeated in this way, and finally.
The cocoon quality detection is carried out on the bred varieties, and as can be seen from the table 1, the cocoon quality performance of the double-cocoon silkworm variety is lower than that of the reference variety, which is caused by the lower cocoon layer character of the introduced gene mc silkworm variety, the cocoon layer performance of the new variety needs to be further improved, and the double-cocoon rate of the new variety is obviously improved compared with that of the reference variety, so that the application prospect is realized.
TABLE 1 survey of cocoon quality of cocoon varieties
Because the silkworm varieties which do not contain the multi-pupa cocoon recessive character gene mc comprise wider varieties, the silkworm varieties comprise the current silkworm varieties, the laboratory conservation silkworm varieties and the new varieties which are not bred at present; as long as the new species containing the mcmc genotype are selected and bred by the method of the embodiment, the new species have double-palace, and not only are the two species in Pinus sylvestris and Haoyue, but also other species can be bred into double palaces, including the native species, Japanese species, European species and the like, and the hybrid species in China are currently used, and the hybrid species in China and in China are also the double palaces containing the mcmc genotype. Therefore, the present invention may have other embodiments in addition to the above-described embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for breeding a double-cocoon silkworm variety comprises the following steps:
firstly, hybridizing a silkworm variety containing the pupa cocoon recessive character gene mc with a silkworm variety not containing the pupa cocoon recessive character gene mc to obtain a silkworm variety F1 containing the pupa cocoon recessive character gene;
and step two, selfing the silkworm variety F1, and selectively breeding a genotype mcmc homozygous double-cocoon silkworm variety, namely the target variety, through systematic separation and directional selection.
2. The method for breeding a variety of Bombyx mori L.according to claim 1, wherein: the silkworm varieties which do not contain the multi-pupa cocoon recessive character gene mc comprise the current silkworm varieties, the laboratory conservation silkworm varieties and the varieties which are not bred yet.
3. The method for breeding a variety of Bombyx mori L.according to claim 1, wherein: when the system is separated and directionally selected, the environmental conditions of clustering are as follows: clustering for 1-2 days at 26-28 deg.C and relative humidity of 50-60%, and protecting cocoon with relative humidity of 65-75% at 24-25 deg.C.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1419821A (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2003-05-28 | 成都天友生物科技股份有限公司 | Temp-sensitive lethality male silkworm breeding method |
| CN102986602A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-03-27 | 苏州大学 | Method for cultivating natural green cocoon silkworm variety |
| CN103081872A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏科技大学 | Method for breeding double-limitation multi-silk-quantity domestic silkworm breed |
| CN103243121A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-14 | 苏州大学 | Method for improving egg laying amount of original strain of mulberry silkworm |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1419821A (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2003-05-28 | 成都天友生物科技股份有限公司 | Temp-sensitive lethality male silkworm breeding method |
| CN102986602A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-03-27 | 苏州大学 | Method for cultivating natural green cocoon silkworm variety |
| CN103081872A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏科技大学 | Method for breeding double-limitation multi-silk-quantity domestic silkworm breed |
| CN103243121A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-14 | 苏州大学 | Method for improving egg laying amount of original strain of mulberry silkworm |
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