CN113207681A - Breeding method of recessive glandless cotton - Google Patents
Breeding method of recessive glandless cotton Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and production thereof, and provides a method for breeding recessive glandless cotton, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting the genotype as Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3The glandular cotton is female parent and the genotype is gl2gl2gl3gl3Taking the recessive glandless cotton flower as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain an F1 generation; s2 and F1 are inbred, and after the inbred is matured, selfing bolls are harvested in a mixed mode to obtain F2; s3, planting F2 generations, and dividing F2 plants into four types, namely I-1 type, I-2 type, II type and III type, in the seedling stage according to the gland density of cotyledon; s4, planting F3 generations in a classified manner, and performing classified identification and screening; s5, F4 repeated the planting method of S4 to yield F5 generations; s6, F5 repeated the planting method of S4 to yield F6 generations; s7 and F6 are planted in a classified mode, only identified III-class single plants, namely gland-free single plants, are reserved, and multiple generations of systems are selected to obtain new gland-free cotton varieties after single plant selection. By the technical scheme, the problem of no in the prior art is solvedThe breeding accuracy and efficiency of the new variety of glandular cotton are low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and production thereof, in particular to a breeding method of recessive glandless cotton.
Background
Cotton is an important economic crop, which not only provides fiber raw materials for human beings, but also contains abundant nutrients such as protein, fat, vitamins and the like in the cotton seeds, particularly has quite high content of protein and fat, is an extremely important vegetable oil and an important vegetable protein resource which is only second to soybean and rape in the world, and accounts for 6.9 percent of global protein. The cottonseed protein produced every year can meet the requirement of 5 hundred million people on the protein. However, the glands of the cotton seeds contain gossypol, which easily damages the gastric mucosa of human beings and monogastric animals to cause the disorder of digestive function, thus increasing the difficulty of comprehensively developing and utilizing the cotton seeds and seriously affecting the overall economic benefit of cotton planting. The cultivation of low-phenol cotton variety is an effective technical means for solving the problem of difficult comprehensive utilization of cotton.
The low-phenol cotton varieties cultivated at present are glandless low-phenol cotton varieties, namely glands which are used as gossypol storage places cannot be formed in the cotton, so that the low phenol is realized. Through long-term genetic research, the glandless character of the recessive glandless cotton is mainly controlled by two genes of gl2 and gl3, other genes only play a modifying role, and the cotton is represented as the glandless cotton only when the two pairs of recessive genes of gl2 and gl3 are homozygously expressed. In the breeding process of the recessive glandless cotton variety, the filial generation can generate plants with different genotypes in 9, and how to accurately identify the genotypes of the different plants is a key for improving the breeding efficiency and accuracy of the glandless cotton, and is a technical problem which is difficult to solve.
For the existing breeding method, only glandless plants are reserved for breeding, the possibility of genetic variation of cotton is limited, and although invisible glandless cotton can be bred, the quality of the cotton is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a breeding method of a new recessive glandless cotton variety, which solves the problems that in the prior art, the genotype of separated offspring is difficult to distinguish in the breeding process of the recessive glandless cotton variety, and the breeding accuracy and efficiency of the new glandless cotton variety are low.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding recessive glandless cotton comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting the genotype as Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3The glandular cotton is female parent and the genotype is gl2gl2gl3gl3Taking the recessive glandless cotton flower as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain an F1 generation;
selfing the S2 and the F1 generations, and harvesting selfing bolls in a mixed mode after the selfing bolls are matured to generate F2 generations;
s3, planting F2 generations, and classifying F2 plants into I, II and III according to a classification standard I in the seedling stage, wherein the classification standard I is as follows:
class I: the cotyledon glands are more and evenly distributed, and the gland density>90 pieces/cm2；
And II: the number of cotyledon glands is small and only distributed at the edge of cotyledon, 0 cotyledon/cm2<Gland density<50 pieces/cm2；
Class III: the cotyledon has no gland, and the gland density is 0/cm2；
Classifying class I into two classes I-1 and I-2 according to classification standard II according to gland density of mature true leaf,
class I-1: the number of true-leaf glands is large and the glands are distributed more uniformly, and the gland density is more than 90/cm2；
Class I-2: the true leaf glands are sparse and unevenly distributed, and the gland density is less than 80 per cm2；
Screening criteria one: eliminating I-1 plants, reserving I-2, II and III plants for selfing, harvesting I-2 plants after maturation by single plant, and harvesting II and III plants in a mixed manner to generate F3 generations;
s4, planting F3 generations, screening according to classification standards 1 and 2, reserving I-2, II and III generations, obtaining respective F4 generations for each category according to a second screening standard which is as follows:
class I-2: in the seedling stage, the cotyledon of each single plant in the eliminated line is a line with glands, the line produced by the line F2 single plant containing no gland single plant is subjected to single plant selection according to the first classification standard and the second classification standard of F2 and the first screening standard, and the selected single plants are subjected to selfing to produce F4 generations;
and II: selecting single plants according to the first classification standard, the second classification standard and the first screening standard of F2 in the seedling stage, and selfing selected single plants to generate F4 generations;
selfing all III to generate F4 generation;
s5, F4 repeated the planting method of S4 to yield F5 generations;
s6, F5 repeated the planting method of S4 to yield F6 generations;
and (3) carrying out classified planting on the S7 and F6 generations, carrying out single plant selection on only III single plants in the seedling stage according to the classification standard, carrying out multi-generation systematic breeding until the characters meet the requirements of varieties, and breeding the non-glandular cotton.
As a further technical scheme, the genotype of the I-type plant is Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2Gl3gl3、Gl2gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2gl2Gl3gl3、gl2gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2gl3gl3、Gl2gl2gl3gl3One kind of (1).
As a further technical scheme, the genotype of the II-type plant is Gl2gl2gl3gl3、gl2gl2Gl3gl3One kind of (1).
As a further technical scheme, the type III genotype is gl2gl2gl3gl3。
As a further technical scheme, the genotype of the I-1 plant is Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2Gl3gl3、Gl2gl2Gl3Gl3One kind of (1).
As a further technical scheme, the genotype of the I-2 plant is Gl2gl2Gl3gl3、gl2gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2gl3gl3One kind of (1).
As a further technical solution, in the step S7, the criteria for individual plant selection are: the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than 27mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 28cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.5-5.5, the single bell weight is more than 5.5g, the clothes mark is more than 38.0 percent, and the disease grade of the blight is below grade 2.
As a further technical solution, in the step S7, the variety requirement specifically includes: the wilt disease is less than 5, the verticillium wilt disease is less than 20, the average length of the upper half is more than or equal to 27mm, the fracture ratio strength is more than or equal to 28cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for breeding a new variety of glandless cotton, aiming at the problem that the genotype of separated offspring is difficult to distinguish in the breeding process of a recessive glandless cotton variety, and the separated offspring is accurately identified and classified based on the time-space distribution of gland density, and is classified, so that more genetic variation information can be stored, and the breeding accuracy and efficiency of the new variety of glandless cotton can be improved. The gland density can well represent the genotype of a plant, and is more visual and more convenient for field operation compared with the genotype, so that the invention provides a method for breeding a new variety of non-gland cotton based on gland density spatial-temporal distribution, which is feasible and effective.
2. When screening and identifying individual plants separated in the F2 generation, the invention divides the individual plants into four types of I-1, I-2, II, III and the like based on the gland density of cotyledon and true leaf, only eliminates the I-1 type, and retains the I-2, II and III types, compared with the traditional method of only retaining the III type of target character, the invention can retain more genetic variation, and effectively improves the success rate of breeding of non-gland varieties. Different generations sort and screen the classification and plant, compare and mix the mixed species of choosing, can reduce the genotype of the high generation colony and appraise the difficulty screened, effectively promote the selection accuracy and efficiency of the single plant of segregation progeny. On the other hand, the invention limits the breeding standards of four types of I-1, I-2, II and III, and improves the success rate of breeding.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 shows the distribution of cotyledon glands of types I, II and III in example 1;
FIG. 2 shows the glandular distribution of true leaves of types I-1 and I-2 in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) In the Hainan area in 2010, selecting high-yield high-quality gland-containing conventional cotton Ji cotton 616 with good disease resistance as a female parent and taking a recessive gland-free cotton flower resource far 582 with excellent comprehensive performance as a male parent, preparing a hybrid combination, and harvesting hybrid bolls after boll opening, namely seeds of F1; the Ji cotton 616 is published in Ji cotton as a new high-yield disease-resistant cotton variety (Zhang Shufang, Lilan, Jinwei Ping, etc., Ji cotton as a new high-yield disease-resistant cotton variety 616[ J ] Chinese cotton, 2008,035(009):23.), wherein the far 582 line of recessive glandless cotton flower resources is selected from distant hybridization offspring, the content of free gossypol in the cotton seeds is 0.012%, the whole growth period is 119d, the plant height is about 96.1cm, the number of fruit branches is 12.3, the single plant has 23.9 bolls, the boll weight is 6.0g, the clothes branch is 43.6%, the wilt disease is 6.8, and the greensickness is 32.1.
(2) F1 is planted in Shijiazhuang in 2011, selfing is carried out, and selfing bolls are harvested in a mixed mode after maturation to obtain F2;
(3) f2 generations are planted in south of Hainan in winter in 2011, F2 plants are divided into three categories (I category, II category and III category) according to the distribution and density of cotyledon glands in the seedling stage, and different categories of plants are marked by hair lines with different colors. Based on the distribution and density of glands of true leaves, the class I is subdivided into two classes I-1 and I-2, and the class I-1 plants are eliminated. Selfing reserved I-2, II and III plants, collecting I-2 plants in a single plant after boll opening, and collecting II plants and III plants in a mixed manner to generate F3 generation;
class I: the cotyledon glands are more and evenly distributed, and the gland density>90 pieces/cm2The genotype of the plant is Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2Gl3gl3、Gl2gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2gl2Gl3gl3、gl2gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2gl3gl3、Gl2gl2gl3gl3；
And II: the number of cotyledon glands is small and only distributed at the edge of cotyledon, 0 cotyledon/cm2<Gland density<50 pieces/cm2The genotype of the plant is Gl2gl2gl3gl3、gl2gl2Gl3gl3；
Class III: the cotyledon has no gland, and the gland density is 0/cm2Genotype is gl2gl2gl3gl3The plant of (a); after classification, utilizing the knitting wool with different colors to mark plants of different categories;
class I-1: more true-leaf glands and more uniform distribution, gland density>90 pieces/cm2(ii) a Genotype is Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2Gl3gl3、Gl2gl2Gl3Gl3；
Class I-2: the true leaf glands are sparse and unevenly distributed, and the gland density<80 pieces/cm2Genotype is Gl2gl2Gl3gl3、gl2gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2gl3gl3。
(4) F3 generations and I-2 generations are planted in Shijiazhuang in a classified manner in 2012, plants are planted into plant lines in a single plant mode, identification and screening are carried out in a seedling stage according to the gland density of cotyledons, plant lines with glands in each single plant in the plant lines are eliminated, plant lines containing gland-free single plants (plant lines generated by Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3 genotype F2 single plants) are subjected to single plant selection according to the identification and screening method of F2, and selected single plants are subjected to selfing to generate F4 generations; II, identifying and screening according to the density of the cotyledon glands in the seedling stage, eliminating the single plants with the density of I-2 glands, keeping the single plants with the density of the II-type and III-type glands, and selecting the single plants for selfing to generate F4 generations; selfing class iii yielded F4.
(5) F4 was planted in the south hainan classification in winter 2012, F4 repeated the screening and identification method of F3, resulting in F5.
(6) F5 was planted in the Shijiazhuan classification in 2013, and the screening and identification method of F3 was repeated to generate F6.
(7) F6 is planted in south of the Hainan in winter in 2013, only the identified III-class single plants, namely glandless single plants, are reserved in the seedling stage according to the density of cotyledon glands, the single plants are further screened by a conventional method according to the principle that the average length of the upper half part of fibers is more than 27mm, the breaking ratio strength is more than 28cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.5-5.5, the single boll weight is more than 5.5g, the clothes weight is more than 38.0%, and the disease level of the withered yellow disease is less than 2, and the recessive glandless cotton flower Ji cotton 9218 is bred in 2017. Ji cotton 9218 has completed the low gossypol cotton regional test in Hebei province, reaches the approval requirement, has applied for approval in 2021. The specific zone test results are as follows: the average result of the two-year regional test in 2019-2020 is that the free gossypol content in the cottonseed is 0.010085%, the clothes content is 40.4%, and the weight of a single boll is 5.6 g. The average yield per mu of the ginned cotton before frost is 97.55kg and 90.52kg respectively, and the ginned cotton yield is increased by 6.55 percent and 6.48 percent respectively compared with the control (Handan without 198). The average length of the upper half is 30.7mm, the breaking strength is 30.2cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 4.95. The identification of the plant protection research institute of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Hebei province in 2019 shows that the wilt disease index is 0.20, and the relative verticillium wilt disease index is 11.28, and the wilt disease index belongs to the type of wilt disease resistance and verticillium wilt resistance. Identified by plant protection research institute of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Hebei province in 2020, the fusarium wilt index is 6.09, and the verticillium wilt relative disease index is 15.39, and the anti-fusarium wilt and anti-verticillium wilt disease type belongs to. In the 2020 production test, the yield per mu of the cotton seeds, the cotton lint and the cotton lint before frost is 230.38kg, 94.18kg and 87.35kg respectively, and the yield is increased by 5.71%, 8.73% and 10.01% respectively compared with that of the control Handan without 198.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A breeding method of recessive glandless cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting the genotype as Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3The glandular cotton is female parent and the genotype is gl2gl2gl3gl3Taking the recessive glandless cotton flower as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain an F1 generation;
selfing the S2 and the F1 generations, and harvesting selfing bolls in a mixed mode after the selfing bolls are matured to generate F2 generations;
s3, planting F2 generations, and classifying F2 plants into I, II and III according to a classification standard I in the seedling stage, wherein the classification standard I is as follows:
class I: the cotyledon glands are more and evenly distributed, and the gland density>90 pieces/cm2；
And II: the number of cotyledon glands is small and only distributed at the edge of cotyledon, 0 cotyledon/cm2<Gland density<50 pieces/cm2；
Class III: the cotyledon has no gland, and the gland density is 0/cm2；
Classifying class I into two classes I-1 and I-2 according to classification standard II according to gland density of mature true leaf,
class I-1: the number of true-leaf glands is large and the glands are distributed more uniformly, and the gland density is more than 90/cm2；
Class I-2: the true leaf glands are sparse and unevenly distributed, and the gland density is less than 80 per cm2；
Screening criteria one: eliminating I-1 plants, reserving I-2, II and III plants for selfing, harvesting I-2 plants after maturation by single plant, and harvesting II and III plants in a mixed manner to generate F3 generations;
s4, planting F3 generations, screening according to classification standards 1 and 2, reserving I-2, II and III generations, obtaining respective F4 generations for each category according to a second screening standard which is as follows:
class I-2: in the seedling stage, the cotyledon of each single plant in the eliminated line is a line with glands, the line produced by the line F2 single plant containing no gland single plant is subjected to single plant selection according to the first classification standard and the second classification standard of F2 and the first screening standard, and the selected single plants are subjected to selfing to produce F4 generations;
and II: selecting single plants according to the first classification standard, the second classification standard and the first screening standard of F2 in the seedling stage, and selfing selected single plants to generate F4 generations;
selfing all III to generate F4 generation;
s5, F4 repeated the planting method of S4 to yield F5 generations;
s6, F5 repeated the planting method of S4 to yield F6 generations;
and (3) carrying out classified planting on the S7 and F6 generations, carrying out single plant selection on only III single plants in the seedling stage according to the classification standard, carrying out multi-generation systematic breeding until the characters meet the requirements of varieties, and breeding the non-glandular cotton.
2. The method for breeding recessive glandless cotton according to claim 1, wherein said type I plant genotype is Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2Gl3gl3、Gl2gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2gl2Gl3gl3、gl2gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2gl3gl3、Gl2gl2gl3gl3One kind of (1).
3. The method for breeding recessive glandless cotton according to claim 1, wherein the genotype of said class II plant is Gl2gl2gl3gl3、gl2gl2Gl3gl3One kind of (1).
4. The method for breeding recessive glandless cotton according to claim 1Method, characterized in that said type III genotype is gl2gl2gl3gl3。
5. The method for breeding recessive glandless cotton according to claim 1, wherein the genotype of said type I-1 plant is Gl2Gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2Gl3gl3、Gl2gl2Gl3Gl3One kind of (1).
6. The method for breeding a new variety of recessive glandless cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein the genotype of said I-2 plant is Gl2gl2Gl3gl3、gl2gl2Gl3Gl3、Gl2Gl2gl3gl3One kind of (1).
7. The method for breeding the recessive glandless cotton according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the criteria for selecting the individual plant are: the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than 27mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 28cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.5-5.5, the single bell weight is more than 5.5g, the clothes mark is more than 38.0 percent, and the disease grade of the blight is below grade 2.
8. The method for breeding a new variety of recessive glandless cotton according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the variety requirements are specifically: the wilt disease is less than 5, the verticillium wilt disease is less than 20, the average length of the upper half is more than or equal to 27mm, the fracture ratio strength is more than or equal to 28cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.5.
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