CN110679474B - Method for breeding new corn variety by using X group and Huangrui group heterosis mode - Google Patents
Method for breeding new corn variety by using X group and Huangrui group heterosis mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a crop breeding method, in particular to a method for breeding a new corn variety by using a hybrid-optimal mode of an X group and a Huangrui group, which comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting an X group inbred line and a Huangrui group inbred line to combine hybrid seeds; crossing the yellow reformed self-bred line parent of the Huangrui group self-bred line, the improved Ruide group self-bred line parent and the X group self-bred line as a control hybrid; selecting the current main-cultivated corn variety in China as a contrast; and thirdly, carrying out repeated planting in a multi-point and multi-row area for many times, carrying out character identification such as high yield, lodging resistance, stem rot resistance, small spot disease resistance, high temperature and drought resistance, rain and sunshine resistance and the like, and selecting the hybrid seeds which are increased by more than 10 percent compared with the current main planted corn varieties in China and have better comprehensive character performance than corresponding control hybrid seeds as new hybrid combinations for breeding. The hybrid corn seeds with high yield, lodging resistance, stem rot resistance, small spot resistance, high temperature and drought resistance, rain and sunshine resistance and other comprehensive properties are compounded by the breeding method, and the yield is increased by more than 10 percent compared with the current main-pushed varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crop breeding method, in particular to a method for breeding a new corn variety by using a hybrid-optimal mode of an X group and a Huangrui group.
Background
The heterosis mode (referred to as heterosis mode for short) is a theoretical basis for guiding the combination of excellent corn hybrid seeds, and the innovation of the mode has very important significance for improving the aspects of high yield, stable yield, stress resistance and the like of the corn hybrid seeds in China. The hybrid excellent mode of the main pushed corn variety in the Huang-Huai-Hai-spring corn region is basically improved by Ruidex yellow, and has the problems of single hybrid excellent mode and narrow genetic basis, and the hybrid seed matched with the hybrid seed has one or more defects in the aspects of high yield, stem rot resistance, lodging resistance, small spot resistance, high temperature drought resistance, rain and poor illumination resistance and the like, is very easy to have the risks of large-area lodging, disease and pest outbreak, high temperature drought and waterlogging reduction, even dead production and the like, and seriously affects the grain safety in China. Therefore, research and innovation of a new heterotic mode are urgently needed. In order to adapt to the situation requirement, a method for breeding a new corn variety by using a hybrid-optimal mode of an X group and a Huangrui group is provided according to a corn genetic breeding theory and by combining breeding practice. The method can solve the problems of single heterosis mode and narrow genetic basis in Huang-Huai-Hai-Chun corn region, can accelerate the creation of new corn varieties with high yield, stem rot resistance, lodging resistance, small spot disease resistance, high temperature and drought resistance and rain and sunshine resistance, promotes the continuous development of the seed grain enthusiasm of farmers and the agricultural economy, and ensures the national grain safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for breeding a new corn variety by using a hybrid-optimal mode of an X group and a Huangrui group, which comprises the following steps:
selecting X group selfing line as female parent, selecting Huangrui group selfing line as male parent, and combining hybrid seeds; the Huangrui group inbred line is obtained by hybridizing a Huangrui group inbred line and an improved Ruide group inbred line;
when the hybrid is assembled, the yellow improved group inbred line parent of the Huangrui group inbred line, the improved ruid group inbred line parent and the X group inbred line are hybridized to be used as a contrast hybrid; meanwhile, selecting the current main planting corn variety in China as a contrast;
and thirdly, the hybrid seeds matched in the step I, the control hybrid seeds in the step II and the main corn variety planted in China are repeatedly planted for multiple times in a multi-point and multi-row area at the same time, the comprehensive character identification such as high yield, lodging resistance, stem rot resistance, small spot resistance, high temperature and drought resistance, rain and low illumination resistance is carried out, the hybrid seeds which are increased by more than 10 percent compared with the current main corn variety planted in China and have comprehensive character performance superior to that of the corresponding control hybrid seeds are selected, and the new hybrid combination which utilizes the X group and the Huangrui group heterosis mode is bred.
Wherein the currently cultivated corn variety in China is Zhengdan 958.
The multi-point multi-row area is repeatedly planted for three times in 6 rows of 8 test points, such as Beijing Tongzhou, Hebei Baoding, Henan Zhengzhou, Shandong Jinnan, Anhui Huzhou, Hebei Shijiazhuang, Henan Xinxiang, and Henan He Jibi.
The Huangrui group inbred line is preferably bred by the following steps:
a. selecting a yellow modified group inbred line as one of the parents, hybridizing with the improved Ruider group inbred line, backcrossing the yellow modified group inbred line as the parent for 1 time, selecting a group based on the material obtained by backcrossing, and continuously selfing for multiple generations to breed a plurality of parts of excellent inbred lines by using high-severity line selection methods and high-temperature drought resistance, overcast and rain resistance, poor resistance to diseases and lodging resistance and high yield potential as breeding standards;
b. b, selecting backbone inbred lines from the X group, the improved Ruider group, the blue card group, the yellow reform group, the Luda red bone group and the P group as representative lines, dividing the groups of the inbred lines bred in the step a by using an SSR molecular marker technology, and confirming that the inbred lines are far from the representative inbred lines of the existing groups in genetic distance and do not belong to the independent group of the groups, namely belong to the Huangrui group;
c. selecting an inbred line from an X group which is far from the genetic distance of the yellow reform group and the improved reed group as a female parent test seed, and performing hybridization to obtain a hybrid seed by using the yellow reform group inbred line, the yellow reform group inbred line and the improved reed group inbred line which are bred in the steps as male parents;
d. the hybrid seeds are repeatedly planted in a multi-point and multi-row area by taking the corn varieties mainly planted in China as the contrast, comprehensive character identification such as high temperature and drought resistance, rain and sunshine resistance, strong disease and lodging resistance, high yield potential and the like is carried out, the hybrid combination yield of the newly bred inbred line exceeds 10 percent of the corn varieties mainly planted in China, and the inbred line of the corresponding hybrid combination matched with the yellow reform group inbred line and the improved reed group inbred line is superior to the yellow reform group inbred line in yield stability, lodging resistance, disease resistance, drought resistance and high temperature resistance, namely the bred new germplasm of the yellow ruin group.
The corn breeding method is characterized in that the corn is continuously selfed for multiple generations through a high-stringency line selection method, the breeding standard is that the corn is suitable for Huang-Huai-Hai spring corn regions, and the corn breeding method is high-temperature drought resistant, rain and sunshine resistant, strong in disease resistance and lodging resistance and high in yield potential. The specific breeding criteria are as follows:
high temperature drought resistance: the pollen scattering rate of the male flowers is more than 90 percent, and the maturing rate is more than 70 percent;
rain and sunshine resistance: the yield is equal to or more than 5% higher than that of the original parent;
disease resistance: the resistance to stem rot, ear rot and small spot can reach the level of resistance;
lodging resistance: the lodging rate is lower than 10 percent;
the yield potential is high: the seed yield and the weight of single fruit spike are equal to or more than 5 percent higher than the original parent.
Wherein, the yellow improved inbred line is preferably one of Jing 2416, Chang 7-2 and Jing 2416H.
Wherein, the improved Ruddy inbred line is preferably one of Zheng 58, fluid 478 and CH 3.
The X group inbred line is preferably one of Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547.
Wherein, the line selection method with high stringency is used for continuous selfing for multiple generations, 4-6 generations are selfed, and 5 generations are preferred.
Wherein the corn variety mainly planted in China at present is Zhengdan 958.
The multipoint multi-row area is repeatedly planted, preferably in 6 row areas of 8 test points such as Beijing Tongzhou, Hebei Baoding, Henan Zhengzhou, Shandong Jinnan, Anhui Huzhou, Hebei Shijiazhuang, Henan Xinxiang and Henan He Jibi for three times.
Wherein, the Huangrui group inbred line is preferably selected from the following inbred lines:
jinghuangrui 1, classified and named as corn Zea mays, with the preservation number of CGMCC 18323, and preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 08 and 20 months, address: western road No. 1, north chen west road, north kyo, chaoyang, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, zip code 100101.
Jinghuangrui 2, classified and named as corn Zea mays, with the preservation number of CGMCC 18324, and preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 08 and 20 months, address: western road No. 1, north chen west road, north kyo, chaoyang, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, zip code 100101.
Jinghuangrui 3, classified and named as corn Zea mays, with the preservation number of CGMCC 18325, and preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 08 and 20 months, address: western road No. 1, north chen west road, north kyo, chaoyang, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, zip code 100101.
The invention relates to a method for breeding a new corn variety by using an X group and Huangrui group heterosis mode, which defines a hybrid combination mode of taking an X group self-line as a female parent and taking a Huangrui group self-line as a male parent as an X group and a Huangrui group heterosis mode. The method can effectively ensure high seed production yield and low risk in the production process of large-area seeds, can effectively reduce production cost, and improves the price competitiveness of the variety in the market.
The corn hybrid seeds with excellent comprehensive properties such as high yield, high quality, multiple resistance, wide adaptability, easy seed production, suitability for mechanical grain harvest, drought resistance, barren resistance and the like, which are prepared by the X group multiplied by the Huangrui group mode, have the advantages of yield increase of more than 10 percent compared with the current main-pushed varieties, outstanding stable yield, excellent comprehensive property performance and great application value and prospect in the corn production in China.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The varieties of Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, Zheng 58, Yan 478, CH3, Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547 involved in this example are all known varieties, and those skilled in the art can introduce seeds from the breeding units or the germplasm bank of each variety.
1. In spring 2012, yellow improved inbred lines (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2 and Jing 2416H) and improved Ruddy inbred lines (Zheng 58, Dao 478 and CH3) are selected to hybridize with each other to obtain (Zheng 58X Jing 2416, Dao 478X Jing 2416, CH 3X Jing 2416, Zheng 58X Chang 7-2, Dao 478X Chang 7-2, CH 3X Chang 7-2, Zheng 58X Jing 2416H, Dao 478X Jing 2416H, CH 3X Jing 2416H) F1And (4) seeds.
2. In 2012 winter, the filial generation (Zheng 58X Jing)2416. Lang 478X Jing 2416, CH 3X Jing 2416, Zheng 58X Chang 7-2, Lang 478X Chang 7-2, CH 3X Chang 7-2, Zheng 58X Jing 2416H, Lang 478X Jing 2416H, CH 3X Jing 2416H) F1Planting in Hainan, backcrossing with yellow modifier inbred line (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2 and Jing 2416H) to obtain [ (Zheng 58X Jing 2416) XJing 2416, (Yan 478X 0 Jing 2416) X1 Jing 2416, (CH 3X 2 Jing 2416) X3 Jing 2416, (Zheng 58X 4 Chang 7-2) X5 Chang 7-2, (Yan 478X 6 Chang 7-2) X7 Chang 7-2, (CH 3X Chang 7-2) X Chang 7-2, (Zheng 58X Jing 2416H) X Jing 2416H, (Yan ye 478X 2416H) X Jing 2416H, (CH 3X 2416H) X2416H]Backcrossing 1 generation of seeds, and breeding backcrossed 1 generation of offspring according to standards (the seed yield and the single-ear grain weight are equal to or more than 5% higher than the original parent, the resistances of stem rot, ear rot and small spot disease reach the above grade, the lodging rate is less than 10%, the pollen scattering rate of male flowers is more than 90%, and the fruiting rate is more than 70%) which are suitable for Huang-Huai-Hai-Chun corn regions, resistant to high temperature and drought, resistant to rain and little irradiation, strong in disease resistance and lodging resistance, and high in yield potential, wherein 6-10 ears are selected in each backcross combination.
3. In spring of 2013, selected backcross 1 generation progeny clusters are planted in Beijing according to ear rows for selfing, 3-5 excellent ear rows are selected for selfing, and selfing progeny breeding is performed according to standards (the selection standards are the same) which are suitable for Huang-Huai-Hai spring corn regions, high-temperature drought resistance, rain and sunshine resistance, strong disease and lodging resistance and high yield potential.
4. And carrying out continuous selfing selection on Beijing-Hainan in the winter of 2013 to 2015 according to a high-stringency line selection method for 2 generations in one year (the selection standard is the same as above), and breeding 20 parts of excellent selfing lines for 5 generations by selfing. The 20 inbred lines have the characteristics of high temperature and drought resistance, overcast and rain tolerance, little illumination, strong disease and lodging resistance and high yield potential (the seed yield and the single fruit grain weight are equal to or more than 5% higher than the original parent, the resistance of stem rot, grain rot and small leaf spot is up to the resistant level, the lodging rate is lower than 10%, the pollen scattering rate of the male flowers is more than 90%, and the fruiting rate is more than 70%).
5. In 2016, 7 representative lines of different germplasm groups such as Beijing 724, Jing MC01, Jing B547, Zheng 58, Ye 478, CH3, B73, PH6WC, MO17, PH4CV, Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, Dan 340, E28, Qiqi 319 and P178 are X group (Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547), modified Rudequ group (selfing 58, Rudequ 478 and CH3), Rudequ group (B73 and PH6WC), Lanka group (MO17 and PH4CV), yellow mutant group (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2 and Jing 2416H), Luda red bone group (Dan 340, E28), P group (Qiqi 319 and P178) which are commonly used in production are selected, and 20 excellent new bred strains are selected by SSR molecular marker technology, and divided into 20 new bred yellow group. The group comprises excellent characteristics of 4 large corn germplasm resource groups such as a Reid group, a Huang reform group, a lan Ka group, a Luda red bone group and the like which are widely used in China.
6. And (3) utilizing the representative lines of different germplasm groups in the step (5) and the newly bred 20 inbreds to perform genetic distance analysis by utilizing an SSR molecular marker technology according to a UPGMA (unweight Pair Group Method identity measures) Method, and finding that the genetic distance between the newly bred 20 inbred lines and the Group X is farthest.
7. In 2016, test seeds are bred by taking X group inbred lines (Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547) as female parents and newly bred 20 parts of Huangrui group inbred lines and original parents (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, Zheng 58, fluid 478 and CH3) as male parents, and hybrid seeds are prepared by hybridization.
8. In 2017, in spring, hybrid seeds obtained by hybridization are matched, the corn variety Zhengdan 958 which is mainly planted in China at present is used as a control, the hybrid seeds are repeatedly planted in 6 rows of 8 test points such as Beijing Tongzhou, Hebei Baoding, Henan Zhengzhou, Shandong Jinnan, Anhui Suzhou, Hebei Shijiazhuang, Henan Xinxiang and Henan Heqiang, and the like for three times, and the screening and the identification of the comprehensive characters such as high temperature and drought resistance, rain and drought resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, yield resistance and the like (the screening standard is that the yield is equal to or more than 5% higher than that of the control variety Zhengdan 958, the resistance to stem rot, panicle rot and small leaf spot reaches the above grade, the lodging rate is less than 10%, the pollen scattering rate of male flowers is more than 90%, and the fructi. Comprehensive performance analysis of the properties such as yield, lodging resistance, disease resistance, stability and the like shows that the newly bred 20 parts of the hybrid combination formed by the Huangrui group inbred line and the X group inbred line is superior to the hybrid combination formed by combining the original parent strains of Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, Zheng 58, Ye 478 and CH3 and the X group inbred line in terms of yield, stable yield, adaptability, lodging resistance and disease resistance. Meanwhile, the hybridized combination matched with the newly bred Huangrui population selfing line can increase the yield by more than 10 percent compared with the current major variety Zheng 958, and the number of the hybridized combination with excellent comprehensive character performance is 10.
10. In 2017, in winter, the X group inbred line (Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547) is used as female parent test seeds, and 10 parts of the newly screened Huangrui group inbred line and the original parent (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, Zheng 58, Ye 478 and CH3) are used as male parents to perform hybridization and hybridization.
11. In 2018, in spring, the hybrid seeds obtained by hybridization are matched, the corn variety Zhengdan 958 which is mainly planted in China at present is used as a control, the hybrid seeds are repeatedly planted in 6 rows of 8 test points such as Beijing Tongzhou, Hebei Baoding, Henan Zhengzhou, Shandong Jinnan, Anhui Suzhou, Hebei Shijiazhuang, Henan Xinxiang and Henan Heqiang, and the like for three times, and the screening and the identification of the comprehensive characters such as high temperature and drought resistance, rain and drought resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, yield resistance and the like (the screening standard is that the yield is equal to or more than 5% higher than that of the control variety Zhengdan 958, the resistance to stem rot, panicle rot and small leaf spot reaches the above grade, the lodging rate is less than 10%, the pollen scattering rate of the male flowers is more than 90%, and the. Through 2 years of 8-point identification, the newly bred inbred line is found to be remarkably superior to 3 parts of Rutacea virens inbred line of the original parent in the aspects of high temperature and drought resistance, rain and sunshine resistance, strong disease and lodging resistance, high yield potential and the like. The 3 parts of the yellow ruin inbred line is an excellent yellow ruin new germplasm which is named as Jinghuangrui 1, Jinghuangrui 2 and Jinghuangrui 3, and is preserved, wherein the preservation information is as follows:
jinghuangrui 1, classified and named as corn Zea mays, with the preservation number of CGMCC 18323, and preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 08 and 20 months, address: western road No. 1, north chen west road, north kyo, chaoyang, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, zip code 100101.
Jinghuangrui 2, classified and named as corn Zea mays, with the preservation number of CGMCC 18324, and preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 08 and 20 months, address: western road No. 1, north chen west road, north kyo, chaoyang, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, zip code 100101.
Jinghuangrui 3, classified and named as corn Zea mays, with the preservation number of CGMCC 18325, and preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 08 and 20 months, address: western road No. 1, north chen west road, north kyo, chaoyang, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, zip code 100101.
12. In 2018, in winter, the X group inbred lines (Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547) are used as female parent test seeds, the Huangrui group inbred lines (Jing Huangrui 1, Jing Huangrui 2 and Jing Huangrui 3) and the original parent (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, Zheng 58, fluid 478 and CH3) are used as male parents, and hybrid combination is carried out.
13. While compounding hybrid, taking X group inbred lines (Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547) as female parent test seeds, taking yellow improved group inbred line parents and improved Ruddy group inbred line parents (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, Zheng 58, Ye 478 and CH3) as male parents to perform hybridization to be used as control hybrid seeds; meanwhile, selecting the current main planting corn variety in China as a contrast;
14. and (3) simultaneously carrying out 3 times of repeated planting in 20-point 40-row areas on the hybrid seeds prepared in the step (12), the control hybrid seeds in the step (13) and the Zhengdan 958 which is the main planted corn variety in China, carrying out high-yield, lodging-resistant, stem rot-resistant, small spot disease-resistant, high-temperature drought-resistant and rain-resistant oligophoto comprehensive character identification, and selecting the hybrid seeds which are increased by more than 10% compared with the Zhengdan 958 which is the main planted corn variety in China currently and have the comprehensive character performance superior to that of the corresponding control hybrid seeds. The Jing B547X Jing Huangrui 1 hybrid has outstanding comprehensive performance (the average performance is 12% higher than that of a reference hybrid, 10.5% higher than that of a main cultivar Zhengdan 958, the average lodging rate is 2%, the resistance of stem rot, panicle rot and small spot disease reaches the resistance or high resistance level, the pollen scattering rate of male flowers can still reach more than 90% under the high-temperature and high-humidity condition, and the maturing rate is 90%), namely the hybrid obtained by breeding by using the X group and Huangrui group heterosis mode is named as Jing agricultural department 101.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for breeding a new corn variety by using a hybrid-optimal mode of an X group and a Huangrui group is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting X group selfing line as female parent, selecting Huangrui group selfing line as male parent, and combining hybrid seeds; the Huangrui group inbred line is obtained by hybridizing a Huangrui group inbred line and an improved Ruide group inbred line;
when the hybrid is assembled, the yellow improved group inbred line parent of the Huangrui group inbred line, the improved ruid group inbred line parent and the X group inbred line are hybridized to be used as a contrast hybrid; meanwhile, selecting the current main planting corn variety in China as a contrast;
thirdly, the hybrid seeds prepared in the first step, the control hybrid seeds in the second step and the main corn varieties in China are repeatedly planted for multiple times in a multi-point multi-row area at the same time, high-yield, lodging-resistant, stem rot-resistant, small spot-resistant, high-temperature drought-resistant and rain-resistant and low-illumination comprehensive character identification is carried out, hybrid seeds which are more than 10% higher than the current main corn varieties in China and superior to the corresponding control hybrid seeds in comprehensive character performance are selected, and a new hybrid combination which utilizes the X group and Huangrui group heterosis mode is selected for breeding;
the multi-point multi-row area is repeatedly planted for three times in 6 row areas of 8 test points of Beijing Tongzhou, Hebei Baoding, Henan Zhengzhou, Shandong Jinnan, Anhui Huzhou, Hebei Shijiazhuang, Henan Xinxiang and Henan Heanhui;
the yellow daphne inbred line is Jinghuangrui 1 with the preservation number of CGMCC number 18323;
the X group inbred line is Jing B547.
2. The method for breeding a new variety of corn by using the Heteroexcellent model of X group and Huangrui group as claimed in claim 1, wherein the currently cultivated corn variety in China is Zheng 958.
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| 17个玉米地方种质选系的杂优类群分析;苟才明等;《核农学报》;20151231;第29卷(第5期);第821-829页 * |
| 基于SNP 芯片揭示中国玉米育种种质的遗传多样性与群体遗传结构;赵久然等;《中国农业科学》;20181231;第51卷(第4期);摘要和讨论部分 * |
| 赵久然等.基于SNP 芯片揭示中国玉米育种种质的遗传多样性与群体遗传结构.《中国农业科学》.2018,第51卷(第4期),摘要和讨论部分. * |
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