CN115593029A - 一种高界面粘接力多层结构皮革 - Google Patents
一种高界面粘接力多层结构皮革 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高界面粘接力的多层结构皮革,从下至上依次包含基底层、聚烯烃层和聚氨酯层。基底层材质为织物或纸,聚烯烃是单层或多层结构,聚氨酯分子软段结构中包含长碳链基团。对层合后的人造革预制体进行辐照,聚烯烃层经过辐照,获得良好的耐热性和耐磨性;聚氨酯分子软段结构中的长碳链基团与聚烯烃相容性好,并且可以作为辐照交联反应的活性交联点,在辐照作用下产生自由基,与聚烯烃层中的碳链形成界面间交联反应,提高了界面粘接力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合成皮革技术领域,具体涉及一种界面粘接力高、耐磨的多层结构皮革。
背景技术
皮革的生产,主要以聚氨酯(PU)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)作为基材,合成革生产过程中,需要大量使用有机溶剂及增塑剂,对人体危害较大。聚烯烃由于化学性能稳定、柔软、成本低、而成为新型皮革基材的首选,但聚烯烃通常耐磨性差。
为了保证皮革产品的耐磨性能,使用聚氨酯树脂对聚烯烃基材进行涂覆,但聚烯烃与极性较大的聚合物材料的粘接性差,在多数情形时,聚氨酯涂层对聚烯烃材料的粘接力差,无法满足使用需求。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种界面粘接力高的多层结构皮革,从下至上依次包含基底层、聚烯烃层和聚氨酯层。基底层是织物或纸中的一种;聚烯烃层层合于所述基底层的表面,是单层或多层结构,材质以聚烯烃为主;聚氨酯层层合于所述聚烯烃层背向基底的表面,材质为长碳链聚氨酯树脂,所述长碳链聚氨酯树脂由以下化合物反应制得:a)二异氰酸酯,b)端羟基长碳链二元醇,c)扩链剂;对层合后的多层材料进行辐照,辐照后聚烯烃层交联度大于10%;聚氨酯层与聚烯烃层粘接力大于10N/cm。
本发明选择聚烯烃材料作为皮革基材。聚烯烃材料熔点相对较低,易于加工;同时其分子结构中以碳链结构为主,化学稳定性相对较好。选择分子结构中包含长碳链基团的聚氨酯树脂作为皮革表层,可赋予皮革表层良好的耐候、耐磨性能;同时,基于分子中的长碳链结构,其与聚烯烃层在界面上有较好的相容性。通过辐照交联的方式,使聚氨酯层的长碳链结构与基材层的聚烯烃层的碳链结构在粘合的界面上产生化学的自由基交联反应,继而使聚氨酯层和聚烯烃层的粘合牢度大大提高。同时,低熔点的聚烯烃层经过辐照,获得良好的耐热性和耐磨性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一个实施例提供的多层结构皮革的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的发明目的、技术方案和有益技术效果更加清晰,以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。应当理解的是,本说明书中描述的实施例仅仅是为了解释本发明,并非为了限定本发明。
为了简便,本文仅明确地公开了一些数值范围。然而,任意下限可以与任何上限组合形成未明确记载的范围;以及任意下限可以与其它下限组合形成未明确记载的范围,同样任意上限可以与任意其它上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。此外,尽管未明确记载,但是范围端点间的每个点或单个数值都包含在该范围内。因而,每个点或单个数值可以作为自身的下限或上限与任意其它点或单个数值组合或与其它下限或上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。
在本文的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有说明,“以上”、“以下”为包含本数,“一种或多种”中“多种”的含义是两种以上。
本发明的上述发明内容并不意欲描述本发明中的每个公开的实施方式或每种实现方式。如下描述更具体地举例说明示例性实施方式。在整篇申请中的多处,通过一系列实施例提供了指导,这些实施例可以以各种组合形式使用。在各个实施例中,列举仅作为代表性组,不应解释为穷举。
本发明提供了一种界面粘接力高、耐磨的多层结构皮革,从下至上依次包含基底层、聚烯烃层和聚氨酯层。基底层是织物或纸中的一种;聚烯烃层层合于所述基底层的表面,是单层或多层结构,材质以聚烯烃为主;聚氨酯层层合于所述聚烯烃层背向基底的表面,材质为长碳链聚氨酯树脂,所述长碳链聚氨酯树脂由以下化合物反应制得:a)二异氰酸酯,b)端羟基长碳链二元醇,c)扩链剂;对层合后的多层材料进行辐照,辐照后聚烯烃层交联度大于10%;聚氨酯层与聚烯烃层粘接力大于10N/cm。
在本发明的皮革中,基底层可以采用本领域已知的用于皮革的纸或织物,本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求进行选择。
作为聚烯烃的示例可选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯与α-烯烃的共聚物中的一种或多种。
聚烯烃层是单层或多层结构。
在一些实施例中,聚烯烃层和聚氨酯层还包含助交联剂,所述助交联剂是具有多个双键官能团的有机化合物。
聚氨酯层材质为长碳链聚氨酯树脂,所述长碳链聚氨酯树脂可采用溶剂型聚氨酯、水性聚氨酯、或无溶剂型聚氨酯中的一种。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备长碳链聚氨酯树脂的二异氰酸酯选自脂肪族或芳烃族二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备长碳链聚氨酯树脂的端羟基长碳链二元醇包括二元醇、二元醇聚醚,二元醇聚酯中的一种或几种,其中单个羟基连接的最长碳链长度大于6。
在一些实施例中,用于制备长碳链聚氨酯树脂的异氰酸酯与长碳链二元醇,异氰酸根与羟基的反应活性基团摩尔比范围在1.0~1.5。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备长碳链聚氨酯树脂的扩链剂,作为示例可以是二元醇、二元酸、二元胺中的一种或几种。
在一些实施方案中,可以采用高能射线如β射线、α射线、γ射线、X射线、中子射线、高能电子束等来实现辐射交联。可以根据具体使用的聚烯烃材料和期望的交联度来选择辐射剂量。
本发明还提供一种多层结构皮革的制备方法。根据该制备方法能制得以上所述的皮革。
在一些实施方案中,可按已知方法将聚烯烃层贴合到织物上。然后使用聚氨酯树脂及其它助剂的混合物对聚烯烃层进行涂敷,干燥后进行压花、冷却、辐照交联。
具体实施方式
下述实施例更具体地描述了本申请公开的内容,这些实施例仅仅用于阐述性说明,因为在本申请公开内容的范围内进行各种修改和变化对本领域技术人员来说是明显的。除非另有声明,以下实施例中所报道的所有份、百分比、和比值都是基于重量计,而且实施例中使用的所有试剂都可商购获得或是按照常规方法进行合成获得,并且可直接使用而无需进一步处理,以及实施例中使用的仪器均可商购获得。
用于以下各实施例的聚烯烃选自:
低密度聚乙烯LDPE,LG化学,FB3050;
乙烯与α-烯烃的共聚物:三井化学,DF805;
乙烯与α-烯烃的共聚物:陶氏化学,8411。
用于以下各实施例的二异氰酸酯选自:
万华化学,MDI-100,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;
用于以下各实施例的二元醇选自:
巴斯夫,HDO,1,6-己二醇;
用于以下各实施例的二元醇聚醚选自:
陶氏化学,HECB,二乙二醇己醚;
海安化工,PEG 200,聚乙二醇;
用于以下各实施例的多元醇聚酯选自:
江苏仁江化工,PCL,聚己内酯二醇;
用于以下各实施例的聚氨酯树脂选自:
聚氨酯树脂:WHT-7101,万华化学;
一、皮革的制备
(1)将聚烯烃层的各原料混合均匀后经挤出机挤出流延到基底层的表面,下述实施例和比较例为保证数据对比的一致性,采用的工艺条件为:聚烯烃层与基底层加压贴合的压力为0.3MPa,基底层侧使用热辊的温度为150℃。
(2)将聚氨酯层的各种原料充分混合、反应后,将得到聚氨酯浆料涂覆到聚烯烃层的背向基底层的表面,经烘干、熟化,形成聚氨酯层,聚氨酯涂层厚度0.1mm,获得皮革预制体。
(3)对皮革预制体进行表面纹路处理,包括:加热皮革预制体,使聚烯烃层的树脂软化熔融;然后通过热压的方式,将模具的纹路转移到充皮纸表面。
(4)采用电子加速器对皮革预制体进行辐射交联,得到皮革。
二、测试方法
耐磨性:QB/T 2726-2005皮革物理和机械试验耐磨性能的测定;
交联度:根据GB/T29848中规定的二甲苯萃取法进行测量;
粘接性能测试:将实施例中得到的人造革,剪成25*200mm的试样两块,使用热熔胶XCA-4020LS,以15g/m2的用量对其中一块试样的聚氨酯面进行涂覆,接着与并一块试样的聚氨酯面进行热贴合,老化冷却后,按GB-T 2791-1995胶粘剂T剥离强度试验方法进行粘接性能测试。
实施例1
基底层:针织布;
聚烯烃层:聚乙烯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯;
聚氨酯浆料制备:在氮气保护下,往预先除水后的1,6-己二醇中加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物,羟基与异氰酸根摩尔比为1:1.0;充分反应后,得到第一中间体;往第一中间体中加入适量扩链剂乙二醇、助交联剂羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯及丙酮,温度为75℃,反应4h,得到长碳链聚氨酯浆料;
按说明书中规定的方法进行皮革预制体的制备、压纹、辐照处理。
实施例2
基底层:纸基;
聚烯烃层为两层结构:其中第一层材质为乙烯与α-烯烃共聚物(DF805);第二层材质为乙烯与α-烯烃共聚物(DF805),第二层中加入二烯丙基胺;
聚氨酯浆料制备:在氮气保护下,往预先除水后的聚己内酯二元醇(PCL)中加入甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),并加入少量DMF作溶剂,羟基与异氰酸根摩尔比1:1.5,反应充分后得到第一中间体;往第一中间体中加入适量扩链剂乙二胺、助交联剂二烯丙基胺及丁酮,反应充分后,得到长碳链聚氨酯浆料;
按说明书中规定的方法进行皮革预制体的制备、压纹、辐照处理。
实施例3
基底层:梭织布;
聚烯烃层为两层结构:其中第一层材质为乙烯与α-烯烃共聚物(DF805)和TAIC;第二层材质为乙烯与α-烯烃共聚物(8411);
聚氨酯浆料制备:在氮气保护下,往预先除水后的HECB中加入HI 100AP,羟基与异氰酸根摩尔比1:1.2,反应充分后得到第一中间体;往第一中间体中加入扩链剂适量丙二醇、助交联剂TAIC及丙酮,反应充分后,得到长碳链聚氨酯浆料;
按说明书中规定的方法进行皮革预制体的制备、压纹、辐照处理。
实施例4
基底层:无纺布;
聚烯烃层:α-烯烃共聚物(FB3050),三烯丙基三聚氰酸酯。
聚氨酯浆料制备:在氮气保护下,往预先除水后的1,6-己二醇中加入HI100AP,羟基与异氰酸根摩尔比1:1.3,反应充分后,得到第一中间体;往第一中间体中加入扩链剂丁二酸、助交联剂TAIC以及丙酮,反应充分后,得到长碳链聚氨酯浆料。
按说明书中规定的方法进行皮革预制体的制备、压纹、辐照处理。
实施例5
基底层:机织布;
聚烯烃层为三层结构:其中第一层:乙烯与α-烯烃共聚物(DF805)、TMPTMA,第二层:乙烯与α-烯烃共聚物(8411),TAIC,第三层:乙烯与α-烯烃共聚物(DF805)、TMPTMA;
聚氨酯浆料制备:在氮气保护下,往预先除水后的聚己内酯二元醇(PCL)中加入甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),羟基与异氰酸根摩尔比1:1.2,反应充分后得到第一中间体;往第一中间体中加入扩链剂丙二醇、助交联剂TMPTMA及丙酮,反应充分后,得到长碳链聚氨酯浆料;
按说明书中规定的方法进行皮革预制体的制备、压纹、辐照处理。
实施例6
基底层:纸基;
聚烯烃层:乙烯与α-烯烃共聚物;TMPTPA;
聚氨酯浆料制备:在氮气保护下,往预先除水后的份HECB中加入HI 100AP,羟基与异氰酸根摩尔比1:1.4,反应充分后,得到第一中间体;往第一中间体中加入扩链剂丁二醇、助交联剂TAIC、丙酮,反应充分后得到聚氨酯浆料;
按说明书中规定的方法进行皮革预制体的制备、压纹、辐照处理。
对比例1
按实施例2的条件进行皮革预制体的制备、压纹、区别在于对比例1不进行辐照处理。
对比例2
使用等摩尔量的聚乙二醇代替HECB,按实施例3的方法进行皮革预制体的制备、压纹、辐照处理。
实施例和对比例的测试结果如表1所示:
表1实施例和对比例测试结果
从实施例1~6的数据可以看出,本发明的聚氨酯涂层可使皮革产品获得可较高的耐磨性,界面粘接力高。
对比例1~2由于不满足本发明,皮革产品耐磨性差且多层结构粘接力低。以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求确定的保护范围为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种界面粘接力高、耐磨的多层结构皮革,从下至上依次包含基底层、聚烯烃层和聚氨酯层:
基底层,织物或纸中的一种;
聚烯烃层,层合于所述基底层的表面,是单层或多层结构;
聚氨酯层,层合于所述聚烯烃层背向基底的表面,材质为长碳链聚氨酯树脂,所述长碳链聚氨酯树脂由以下化合物反应制得:a)二异氰酸酯,b)端羟基长碳链二元醇,c)扩链剂;
对层合后的多层材料进行辐照,辐照后聚烯烃层交联度大于10%;聚氨酯层与聚烯烃层粘接力大于10N/cm。
2.根据权利要求1所述多层结构皮革,其中聚烯烃层材质选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯与α-烯烃的共聚物中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述多层结构皮革,其中用于制备长碳链聚氨酯树脂的二异氰酸酯选自脂肪族或芳烃族二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述多层结构皮革,其中用于制备长碳链聚氨酯树脂的端羟基长碳链二元醇包括二元醇、二元醇聚醚,二元醇聚酯中的一种或几种,其中单个羟基连接的最长碳链长度大于6。
5.根据权利要求1所述多层结构皮革,其中用于制备聚氨酯层的异氰酸酯与长碳链二元醇,异氰酸根与羟基的反应活性基团摩尔比范围在1.0~1.5之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述多层结构皮革,其中用于制备聚氨酯表层的扩链剂为二元醇、二元胺、二元羧酸中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述多层结构皮革,其中聚烯烃层及聚氨酯层中可以含有助交联剂,其特征在于,助交联剂是具有多个双键官能团的有机化合物。
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