CN115589782A - 电效率改善的电液压系统 - Google Patents

电效率改善的电液压系统 Download PDF

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CN115589782A
CN115589782A CN202280002390.9A CN202280002390A CN115589782A CN 115589782 A CN115589782 A CN 115589782A CN 202280002390 A CN202280002390 A CN 202280002390A CN 115589782 A CN115589782 A CN 115589782A
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hydraulic
motor
hydraulic pump
hydraulic oil
control valve
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崔吉镐
李东熙
崔洛准
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Pingkang Biotechnology Mechatronics Co ltd
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Pingkang Biotechnology Mechatronics Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/08—Servomotor systems incorporating electrically operated control means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/207—Control of propulsion units of the type electric propulsion units, e.g. electric motors or generators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2091—Control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. battery or capacitors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2239—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using two or more pumps with cross-assistance
    • E02F9/2242—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using two or more pumps with cross-assistance including an electronic controller
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2246—Control of prime movers, e.g. depending on the hydraulic load of work tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/26—Indicating devices
    • E02F9/267—Diagnosing or detecting failure of vehicles
    • E02F9/268—Diagnosing or detecting failure of vehicles with failure correction follow-up actions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/26—Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
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    • F15B11/0426—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling the number of pumps or parallel valves switched on
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F15B11/17—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors using two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
    • F15B13/08—Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
    • F15B13/0803—Modular units
    • F15B13/0846—Electrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/74—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more ac dynamo-electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
    • F15B13/08—Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/08—Servomotor systems incorporating electrically operated control means
    • F15B21/087—Control strategy, e.g. with block diagram
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
    • F15B2211/20515—Electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
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    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
    • F15B2211/20584—Combinations of pumps with high and low capacity
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    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/315—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
    • F15B2211/31523—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and an output member
    • F15B2211/31547—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and an output member having multiple pressure sources and multiple output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F15B2211/52—Pressure control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/528—Pressure control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
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    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/88—Control measures for saving energy

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于重装备的电液压系统，具体地，涉及一种液压系统，其包括基于电池和电动机驱动的液压泵、用于供应从液压泵供给的液压油的供应管道、多个致动器、用于控制所述电动机和致动器的控制器，能够显著地改善电效率。具体地，本发明涉及一种电液压系统，其具有多个电动机及分别对应所述电动机的多个液压泵，并具有用于接收从所述多个液压泵供给的液压油并将其供给到多个致动器的主控阀(MCV)，根据工作负荷、工作温度、供应流量等有效地进行控制，从而使电动机的电力消耗最小化，电效率得到改善，进而大幅增大工作时间。

Description

电效率改善的电液压系统
技术领域
本发明涉及电液压系统，具体地，涉及一种液压系统，其包括基于电池和电动机驱动的液压泵、用于供应从液压泵供给的液压油的供应管道、多个致动器、用于控制所述电动机和致动器的控制器，并且通过并列控制能够显著地改善电效率。
本发明涉及一种电液压系统，其具有多个电动机及分别对应所述电动机的多个液压泵，并具有用于接收从所述多个液压泵供给的液压油并将其供给到多个致动器的主控阀(MCV)，根据工作负荷、工作温度、供应流量等有效地进行控制，从而使电动机的电力消耗最小化，电效率得到改善，进而大幅增大工作时间。
背景技术
通常，挖掘机、特种车辆等重装备中使用的致动器作为液压缸或者液压电动机，基于液压系统而驱动。现有的液压系统利用通过结合在引擎输出轴上的动力输出装置(PTO，power take-off)而驱动的液压泵，并向控制阀供给液压油，且基于控制阀的开关操作来驱动多个液压致动器如液压缸和液压电动机，从而达到重装备的工作目的。但是，最近因环保议题使得采用电动机来执行重装备的液压系统的努力正在被推进。即，在关闭引擎或者无引擎的状态下，只通过电池和电动机来驱动液压泵，以供给液压油。
只是，现有的利用电动机的重装备液压系统具有需要同时多发地执行各种致动器作业的特性，因此需要供给充分的液压油，然而，电动机的容量和电池的容量不能无限制地增大。
如图1所示，现有的常规电液压系统具有液压缸，其用于电动挖掘机例如悬臂、机械臂、铲斗，液压缸基于逆变器和主电动机而驱动，为了使挖掘机单独行驶，额外具有逆变器和电动机。
如上所述的液压系统，为了向多个致动器供给充分的液压油，需要大容量的主电动机，因此存在电池容易被放电的问题。为此，本发明的发明人着眼于能够改善工作能效的电液压系统。
发明内容
【技术问题】
本发明的目的在于，提供一种通过实现有效地使用电能,能够大幅改善工作能效的电液压系统。
本发明的目的在于，提供一种电液压系统，基于电动机和液压泵的工作，能够最优化地供给根据驱动液压致动器所需的液压油计算的液压油的总量，从而使液压油和电能的浪费最小化。
【技术方案】
用于解决如上所述的技术问题的本发明的电效率改善的电液压系统，该系统具有多个液压致动器1-k，包括：
储存罐,其用于容纳液压油；
逆变器1-n，其分别与多个电动机即电动机1-n连接，以针对所述各电动机，将电池的直流转换为交流，而且改变电动机的旋转速度；
作为多个液压泵的液压泵1-n，其分别与所述多个电动机的轴直接连接，将从所述储存罐流入的液压油供给到主控阀(MCV)；
主控阀(MCV)，其内部具有多个控制阀,以接收从所述液压泵1-n所供给的液压油并将液压油选择性地供给到多个液压致动器1-k或者阻断液压油的供给，从而改变液压油的通道；
控制单元,其单独地控制所述各逆变器及所述主控阀(MCV)所具备的各控制阀；
电池，其向所述电动机1-n、所述主控阀(MCV)及所述控制单元供给电流；
电池管理系统(BMS)，其用于控制并管理所述电池。
【有益效果】
当基于一个大容量电动机和液压泵供给液压油时，因启动电流，电力消耗增加，相反地，本发明通过使用多个小型电动机，可使电动机的启动电流最小化，避免产生不必要的电流消耗。
本发明的控制单元通过计算基于液压系统的各致动器的工作所需的液压油的流量，选择至少一个电动机，并通过控制器转数，供给至主控阀(MCV)，且基于重装备各操作所需的液压油的流量考虑，通过单独地控制主控阀的各阀门，最小化液压油的浪费，进而使效率最大化。
本发明的主控制器可诊断各电动机的过热状态或者其它问题，从而能够用其它电动机进行替代并工作，进而能够改善效率性和危机应对能力。
附图说明
图1是重装备中一般电液压系统的结构图。
图2是根据本发明的电液压系统的概念图。
图3是根据本发明的电液压系统的工作流程图。
图4是根据本发明的电液压系统的工作示例图。
图5是根据本发明的各液压泵的驱动电力消耗的曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及电液压系统，其不包括额外的内燃机引擎，因此不具有与引擎输出轴联动的动力输出装置(PTO，power take-off)。只是，为了驱动多个液压泵，具有与其对应的多个电动机。通常，电动机速度的控制基于电动机的种类会有所不同。对于工业用大型交流电动机，采用逆变器方式控制速度，对于家电用小型电子产品中使用的小型交流电动机，采用相位控制方式调节速度。
因此，本发明中，多个电动机分别具有逆变器。逆变器通过将电池的直流转变为所需的具有任意频率的交流后供给至电动机，以此来控制电动机的旋转速度。即，根据逆变器(I)中转变的交流的频率，电动机的旋转速度将发生变化。
为了便于说明，本发明将重装备中的挖掘机作为实施例，并参照图2进行说明。只是，本发明并非只局限于挖掘机的应用。挖掘机可分为通过直接利用电动机的驱动力进行作业的装置及通过将电动机的驱动力转换为液压并使用液压致动器进行作业的装置。即，挖掘机中，直接使用电动机的驱动力进行工作的装置可为行驶装置。行驶装置具体包括行驶用电动机R(Mr)、用于调节所述电动机R(Mr)的旋转速度的逆变器R(Ir)，电动机R(Mr)的输出轴上可选择性地具有减速器R(Dr)。
本发明的液压系统作为用于驱动液压致动器的手段，具有多个电动机，如电动机1(M1)、电动机2(M2)、电动机3(M3)及电动机4(M4)，所述多个电动机(M1-Mn)的旋转速度分别基于逆变器(I1-In)进行调节。此外，所述电动机的输出轴上分别直接连接有液压泵(P1-Pn)。
所述各液压泵(P1-Pn)的排出端连接有用于分别排出液压油的排出管(L1-Ln)，所述多个排出管整合为一个供应管(L100)，并且所述供应管(L100)连接至主控阀(MCV)的流入口。因此，由至少一个液压泵分别排出的液压油通过所述一个供应管供给到主控阀的流入口，由控制单元控制的所述主控阀的控制阀1-j(V1-Vj)设置为使通过所述流入口流入的液压油选择性地供给到至少一个液压致动器1-k(A1-Ak)并执行所需的作用之后，通过连接在排出口的回水管(L200)回流至液压油罐，或者当液压致动器的作业暂停时使通过流入口流入的液压油直接通过排出口回流至液压油罐。
所述主控阀(MCV)通过设置在内部且基于控制单元进行电控的多个控制阀，控制液压油的通过或者阻断。具体地,所需的操作基于所需的液压致动器及其操作方向，能够使各控制阀选择性地供给或者阻断液压油。即，由液压泵供给的液压油通过所述供应管流入，并基于主控阀内部的控制阀控制通道，从而能够选择性地向多个液压致动器1-k(A1-Ak)中所需的液压致动器供给液压油，使得液压致动器工作。
所述主控阀通过采用液压或者电动方法选择性地开关控制阀(卷轴，spool)的通道来控制液压油的流动。优选地，本发明基于控制单元对所述逆变器和所述主控阀的控制阀进行电控。
所述控制单元通过单独并选择性地控制各逆变器1-n(I1-In)来调节各电动机的旋转速度，从而可调节从各液压泵(P)排出的液压油的流量。此外，通过各电动机中设置的温度传感器检测过热状态，从而使过热状态的电动机停止工作，并选择性地启动可为最佳工作状态的电动机，使电动机的效率最大化。
本发明需要设置用于使电池的使用效率最优化的电池管理系统(BMS)，所述控制单元与所述电池管理系统之间传递控制信息。
本发明中，控制单元可通过控制主控阀的控制阀来选择性地控制流向各液压致动器的液压油。与此同时，选择通过控制上述所需液压油的总量来供给所需数量的液压油的电动机，并通过液压泵将液压油供给到所述主控阀。
所述多个电动机1-n(M1-Mn)分别与不同容量的液压泵1-n(P1-Pn)直接连接并分别具有电动机，从而通过组合多个电动机，能够最优化地供给液压致动器所需的液压油的流量。
对根据本发明的工作示例进行说明。即，本发明首先基于液压泵1生成液压系统中使用的液压，并且为了通过流量控制的压力补偿使液压系统工作，维持一定的液压。此外，由于根据实际需要驱动液压泵2、液压泵3...液压泵n，因此可最小化形成液压所需的能量。此外，当液压系统中特定电动机或者液压泵的工作发生问题时，会驱动其它电动机和液压泵，从而能够消除液压系统中可能会发生的问题。
如图3所示，根据本发明的液压系统中，控制单元计算液压致动器所需的液压油，并基于此在多个液压泵中选择作为驱动对象的液压泵，进行驱动。
即，控制单元设置为默认驱动液压泵1，从而在液压系统内维持一定压力。此外，根据是否需要附加驱动液压致动器来判断是否需要驱动额外的液压泵。如果不需要驱动额外的液压泵，则维持液压泵1持续工作，如果需要驱动额外的液压泵，则基于额外所需的液压油的流量，从液压泵2、3、...n中进行选择并驱动，通过调节电动机的转数，吐出最佳的液压油流量。只是，此时需要时常检查并监控电动机的电压、电流、转数、力矩、温度特性。此外，当特定电动机因过热而超出限制范围时，停止超出限制范围的电动机的工作，选择并驱动其它替代的电动机，补充驱动所需的液压油的流量，而过热的电动机处于待机状态直至冷却为止。例如，当电动机2因过热超出限制范围时，电动机2停止工作并保持待机状态进行冷却，通过驱动电动机3来取代电动机2，当切断电动机2的电源使其处于待机状态并被充分冷却之后，用驱动电动机2来取代电动机3。
图4图示了根据本发明的液压系统的一实施例。本发明的液压系统中，当至少一个液压致动器需要30L/min的液压油时，先通过电动机1以4000rpm驱动小容量(2cc/rpm)的液压泵1，以8L/min供给液压油，维持一定的液压。此外，当需要额外的液压油流量时且电动机2中发生过热等故障时，通过电动机3驱动中容量(6cc/rpm)的液压泵3，以及通过电动机4驱动大容量(8cc/rpm)的液压泵4。通常液压系统需要维持最小恒定液压。因此①当电动机1以4000rpm低速驱动时，液压泵1以8L/min低速供给液压油，并且能够保持一定液压。此外，如果需要额外的液压油，则②当以2000rpm驱动电动机3和中容量(6cc/rpm)的液压泵3时，液压泵3以12L/min供给液压油，③当以1250rpm驱动电动机4和相对大容量(8cc/rpm)的液压泵4时，液压泵4能够以10L/min供给液压油。基于这种驱动方式,可供给30L/min的液压油。
图5图示了在各液压泵中电动机每转数可吐出的液压油量所对应的电力消耗的曲线图。如果分别对各个不同的液压泵进行驱动，则电动机的电力消耗具有起初因启动电力急速增加然后逐渐下降的趋势。为了驱动容量大的液压泵，这种启动电力需要变得更大。示出了在选择用于吐出相同容量的液压油而使用的泵时根据驱动顺序电力消耗产生差异的情形。
即，曲线a示出了当以一定的rpm驱动小容量(2cc/rpm)的液压泵1时，起初因启动电力消耗电力增加，然后变小并维持一定的电力消耗的情况。曲线b示出了当以一定的rpm驱动中容量(6cc/rpm)的液压泵3时，起初因启动电力消耗电力增加，然后变小并维持一定的电力消耗的情况。曲线c示出了当以一定的rpm驱动大容量(8cc/rpm)的液压泵4时，起初因启动电力消耗电力增加，然后变小并维持一定的电力消耗W的情况。
曲线b'示出了在驱动小容量(2cc/rpm)的液压泵1并形成一定液压之后，以一定的rpm驱动中容量(6cc/rpm)的液压泵3时的液压泵3的电力消耗W，相应地，曲线b是单独驱动液压泵3时的电力消耗的曲线。参考上述内容可知，曲线b'的启动电力小于曲线b的启动电力。
此外，曲线c示出了基于大容量(8cc/rpm)的液压泵4(P4)吐出液压油时的电力消耗的曲线，曲线c'示出了在基于小容量(2cc/rpm)的液压泵1(P1)吐出液压油并形成一定液压之后，基于液压泵3(P3)驱动中容量(6cc/rpm)，并使总液压油流量变为8cc/rpm时的电力消耗的曲线，通过比较可知，相较于使用大容量的液压泵，小容量和中容量一起使用时，包括启动电力在内的电力消耗明显有利。
进一步地，根据液压致动器的作业，如果需要将大容量(8cc/rpm)的液压泵4作为电动机4进行驱动，则在驱动小容量(2cc/rpm)的液压泵1之后，驱动中容量(6cc/rpm)的液压泵3，然后驱动液压泵4，从而可显著地减少用于驱动液压泵4所需的电动机4的电力消耗。即，多个液压泵以一定时间间隔依次驱动，可显著地节约包括启动电力在内的电力消耗，从而可提高电池的使用时间。
【工业实用性】
本发明涉及电液压系统，具体地，涉及一种包括基于电池和电动机驱动的液压泵、用于供应从液压泵供给的液压油的供应管道、多个致动器、用于控制所述电动机和致动器的控制器，并且通过并列控制，能够显著改善电效率的液压系统，其可应用于特种车辆等，具有工业实用性。

Claims (4)

1.一种电效率改善的电液压系统，该系统具有多个液压致动器1-k(A1-Ak)，其特征在于，包括：
逆变器1(I1)、逆变器2(I2)、…逆变器n(In)，其分别与多个电动机即电动机1(M1)、电动机2(M2)、…电动机n(Mn)连接，以针对所述各电动机，将电池的直流转换为交流，且改变电动机的旋转速度；
作为多个液压泵的液压泵1(P1)、液压泵2(P2)、…液压泵n(Pn)，其分别与所述多个电动机的轴直接连接，将从所述储存罐流入的液压油供给到主控阀(MCV)；
主控阀(MCV)，其内部具有多个控制阀1-j(V1-Vj),以接收从所述液压泵1-n(P1-Pn)供给的液压油并将液压油选择性地供给到多个液压致动器1-k(A1-Ak)或者阻断液压油的供给，从而改变液压油的通道；
多个液压致动器1-k(A1-Ak)，其接收所述主控阀(MCV)的液压油并执行预定的操作；
控制单元(100)，其用于分别控制所述各逆变器1-n(I1-In)和所述各电动机1-n(M1-Mn)，以及设置于所述主控阀(MCV)内部的多个控制阀1-j(V1-Vj)；
储存罐(400)，其向所述液压泵1-n(P1-Pn)供给液压油，并容纳从所述主控阀(MCV)反馈的液压油；
电池,其向所述电动机1-n(M1-Mn)、所述主控阀(MCV)及所述控制单元供给电流；
电池管理系统(BMS),其用于控制并管理所述电池；
所述液压泵1-n(P1-Pn)的吐出口与各排出管1-n(L1-Ln)连接，所述各排出管整合为一个供应管(L100)，所述供应管(L100)与主控阀(MCV)的流入口连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的电效率改善的电液压系统，其特征在于：
所述液压泵1-n(P1-Pn)具有多个不同容量的液压泵，所述控制单元(100)先驱动一个液压泵并保持一定的液压，预定时间之后，依次驱动其他液压泵，以节约电力消耗。
3.如权利要求1所述的电效率改善的电液压系统，其特征在于：
所述控制单元(100)基于所需液压油的流量考虑，在多个电动机1-n(M1-Mn)中选择并驱动液压泵和电动机，当选择的电动机已经处于过热状态时，不驱动所选择的电动机而是选择驱动容量其次大的液压泵和电动机。
4.如权利要求1所述的电效率改善的电液压系统，其特征在于：
所述控制单元(100)基于驱动至少一个所述液压致动器1-k(A1-Ak)所需的液压油的总和在所述液压泵中进行选择并驱动，先驱动小容量的液压泵以排出所需流量的液压油。
CN202280002390.9A 2021-05-06 2022-01-25 电效率改善的电液压系统 Pending CN115589782A (zh)

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EP4112947A1 (en) 2023-01-04
US20240084554A1 (en) 2024-03-14

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