CN115554446A - 一种多功能空气清新剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多功能空气清新剂及其制备方法，多功能空气清新剂包括驱蚊剂、除臭剂和杀毒剂，所述除臭剂为锰掺杂的氧化铝微球，记作Mn‑Al2O3，该除臭剂Mn‑Al2O3对NH3、H2S以及苯乙烯具有高吸附容量和良好的循环吸附‑脱附性能。本发明的多功能空气清新剂具有高吸附容量和良好的循环吸附脱附性能，能有效用于洗手间除臭、驱蚊虫和杀菌消毒。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备领域，具体涉及一种多功能空气清新剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
公共卫生间的环境问题一直存在，包括臭气、蚊虫以及细菌等，臭气来源于粪便中恶臭气体的挥发，包括氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素、三甲胺、苯乙烯等，蚊虫来源于通风的门窗，而细菌和病毒则遍布于便池、水池、下水道和地板等角落。特别是办公楼、高铁站、客运站、地铁站的洗手间使用频繁，导致问题加剧，不仅造成感官的不适，也会引起公共安全和健康隐患。
目前，洗手间中的臭味一般使用空气清新剂来掩盖或者通风，但无法去除，一般使用消毒液等进行杀菌消毒，使用驱蚊剂来驱蚊虫。市面上也有除臭杀菌或者驱蚊虫空气清新剂，但很少有一种产品能同时达到除臭、驱蚊虫和杀菌消毒的多重功效。因而，迫切需要研发一种能有效用于洗手间除臭、驱蚊虫和杀菌消毒的多功能复合空气清新剂。
专利申请号为201210553515.5 一种新型中药空气清新剂的制备方法的专利公开了一种以纯天然的中草药为主要原料，配以其他辅料，设计独特的生产工艺，生产一种既能杀菌，又能清新空气的多功能空气清新剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种多功能空气清新剂，其包括驱蚊剂、除臭剂和杀毒剂，其特征在于所述除臭剂为锰掺杂的氧化铝微球，记作Mn-Al2O3，氧化铝微球的直径为3mm。
所述驱蚊剂包括水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇。
优选地，水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇的体积比为4：3：1.5：1.5。
所述杀毒剂包括过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水，其中过氧乙酸的浓度为0.5wt%，过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水的体积比为0.5：2：3：5。
优选地，杀毒剂PH值在5-5.8之间。
一种多功能空气清新剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，将水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇混合，配制驱蚊剂；
步骤2，将硝酸锰、硝酸铝、尿素沉淀剂及硫酸钾模板剂按质量比为0.3：1：1：2溶于去离子水，待混合液搅拌后转入水热反应釜中，拧紧后置于180℃下水热反应，冷却至室温后离心可得到白色沉淀，用去离子水冼涤四次，乙醇洗涤一次后置于烘箱内干燥，然后在500℃下焙烧制得锰掺杂的氧化铝微球除臭剂，记作Mn-Al2O3；
步骤3，将过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水配成挥发性消毒液，将PH值稳定在5-5.8之间；
步骤4，将除臭剂装入无纺布包内，将上述驱蚊剂、除臭剂包和消毒液装入包装盒内，制备出多功能空气清新剂。
进一步的，所述步骤3中过氧乙酸的浓度为0.5wt%，次氯酸、乙醇和水的体积比为2：3：5。
与现有技术相比，本发明的多功能空气清新剂的有益效果为：
1、本发明的多功能空气清新剂中驱蚊剂中起驱蚊作用的为派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇，派卡瑞丁安全性高，对儿童无副作用，柠檬桉醇属于天然香剂，伴有清新的香气；
2、Al2O3为两性氧化物，对酸性和碱性恶臭气体均有良好的吸附性能。本发明将Al2O3微球进行锰掺杂后可与硫化氢等恶臭气体反应生成硫化锰，此外锰掺杂到Al2O3晶格中会产生新的活性吸附位点，进而促进其吸附除臭。
3、本发明中消毒液不仅能杀菌消毒，还能将部分有机硫和有机胺恶臭气体氧化，具有一定的除臭效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例1和对比例1-3制得的除臭剂对NH3、H2S和苯乙烯的吸附量；
图2为对比例3制得的除臭剂Mn-AC对NH3、H2S和苯乙烯的5次循环吸附-脱附性能测试；
图3为实施例1制得的除臭剂Mn-Al2O3对NH3、H2S和苯乙烯的5次循环吸附-脱附性能测试。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
（1）将水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇按照4：3：1.5：1.5的体积比混合，配制驱蚊剂；
（2）将硝酸锰、硝酸铝、尿素沉淀剂及硫酸钾模板剂按照0.3：1：1：2的质量比溶于去离子水，待混合液搅拌后转入的水热反应釜中，拧紧后置于180℃下水热反应；冷却至室温后离心可得到白色沉淀，用去离子水冼涤四次，乙醇洗涤一次后置于烘箱内干燥，然后在500℃下焙烧制得锰掺杂的氧化铝微球除臭剂，记作Mn-Al2O3；
（3）将浓度为0.5wt%的过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水配成挥发性消毒液，次氯酸、乙醇和水的体积比为2：3：5，将PH值稳定在5-5.8之间，增强次氯酸的杀毒效果；
（4）将除臭剂装入双层无纺布包内，将上述驱蚊剂、除臭剂包和消毒液装入金属三室包装盒内，包装盒上方为镂空的百叶窗，可控制开口大小，由此制备出多功能空气清新剂。
对比例1
（1）将水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇按照4：3：1.5：1.5的体积比混合，配制驱蚊剂；
（2）将适量的硝酸铝、尿素沉淀剂及硫酸钾模板剂按照1：1：2的质量比溶于去离子水，待混合液搅拌后转入的水热反应釜中，拧紧后置于180℃下水热反应；冷却至室温后离心可得到白色沉淀，用去离子水冼涤四次，乙醇洗涤一次后置于烘箱内干燥，然后在500℃下焙烧制得氧化铝微球除臭剂，记作Al2O3；
（3）将浓度为0.5wt%的过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水配成挥发性消毒液，次氯酸、乙醇和水的体积比为2：3：5，将PH值稳定在5.0-5.8之间，增强次氯酸的杀毒效果；
（4）将除臭剂装入双层无纺布包内，将上述驱蚊剂、除臭剂包和消毒液装入金属三室包装盒内，包装盒上方为镂空的百叶窗，可控制开口大小，由此制备出多功能空气清新剂。
对比例2
（1）将水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇按照4：3：1.5：1.5的体积比混合，配制驱蚊剂；
（2）采用活性炭颗粒作除臭剂，记作AC；
（3）将浓度为0.5wt%的过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水配成挥发性消毒液，次氯酸、乙醇和水的体积比为2：3：5，将PH值稳定在5.0-5.8之间，增强次氯酸的杀毒效果；
（4）将除臭剂装入双层无纺布包内，将上述驱蚊剂、除臭剂包和消毒液装入金属三室包装盒内，包装盒上方为镂空的百叶窗，可控制开口大小，由此制备出多功能空气清新剂。
对比例3
（1）将水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇按照4：3：1.5：1.5的体积比混合，配制驱蚊剂；
（2）将适量的硝酸锰和活性炭颗粒按照1：5的质量比置于去离子水中混合，在60℃水浴和磁力搅拌作用下浸渍6h，然后置于烘箱内干燥，制得锰掺杂的活性炭颗粒除臭剂，记作Mn-AC；
（3）将浓度为0.5wt%的过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水配成挥发性消毒液，次氯酸、乙醇和水的体积比为2：3：5，将PH值稳定在5.0-5.8之间，增强次氯酸的杀毒效果；
（4）将除臭剂装入双层无纺布包内，将上述驱蚊剂、除臭剂包和消毒液装入金属三室包装盒内，包装盒上方为镂空的百叶窗，可控制开口大小，由此制备出多功能空气清新剂。
采用ASAP2020比表面积与孔径分析仪测试除臭剂的比表面积和孔体积。以典型的碱性恶臭气体NH3、酸性恶臭气体H2S和有机恶臭气体苯乙烯为例，在常温下采用重量法测试除臭剂对三种恶臭气体的吸附量，每隔一段时间测试样品的重量，当样品重量不再变化时说明吸附达到平衡状态，吸附前后的重量差即为吸附量。除臭剂的比粒径、表面积和孔体积如表1所列。
表1 除臭剂的粒径、比表面积和孔体积
由表1可见，除臭剂成型颗粒的粒径均为3mm，这是为了便于装填和更换。Al2O3微球和 AC活性炭的比表面积分别为457 m2/g和623m2/g，孔体积分别为0.73 m3/g和0.78 m3/g。锰掺杂后的两个样品Mn-Al2O3微球和 Mn-AC活性炭的比表面积分别下降至412 m2/g和586m2/g。
除臭剂对NH3、H2S和苯乙烯的吸附量如图1所示，Al2O3微球对三种气体的吸附量分别为185mg/g、171mg/g和152mg/g，因而对三种恶臭气体均有良好的吸附性能，这是因为Al2O3微球为两性氧化物，对酸性和碱性气体均有良好的化学吸附反应。AC活性炭对三种气体的吸附量分别为72mg/g、109mg/g和68mg/g，三者的吸附性能存在较大的差异。Al2O3微球对三种气体的吸附量均高于AC活性炭。锰掺杂后，Mn-Al2O3微球对三种气体的吸附量也高于Mn-AC活性炭。Mn-Al2O3微球对NH3、H2S和苯乙烯三组分均具有最佳吸附量，分别为263mg/g、246mg/g和207mg/g，这继承了两性氧化物作吸附剂可同时吸附酸性和碱性废气的优越性。
图2和图3分别为除臭剂Mn-AC和Mn-Al2O3对NH3、H2S以及苯乙烯的5次循环吸附-脱附性能测试。如图2所示，经过5次循环吸附-脱附之后，Mn-AC对NH3、H2S和苯乙烯的吸附量分别为126 mg/g、124mg/g和121mg/g，与初始吸附量相比分别下降了5.9%、36.4%和30.3%。这是由于H2S易发生分解反应产生单质S而堵塞吸附剂，苯乙烯则易发生聚合反应而堵塞吸附剂。如图3所示，经过5次循环吸附-脱附之后，Mn-Al2O3微球对NH3、H2S和苯乙烯的吸附量分别为248mg/g、227mg/g和194mg/g，与初始吸附量相比分别下降了5.7%、7.7%和6.4%，吸附量衰减度均低于8%。这是由于NH3、H2S和苯乙烯在Mn-Al2O3表面的吸附均是化学吸附，为单分子层吸附，抑制了吸附质发生分解或聚合反应，因而不会堵塞吸附剂而导致吸附量显著衰减。总而言之，除臭剂Mn-Al2O3对NH3、H2S以及苯乙烯具有高吸附容量和良好的循环吸附-脱附性能。
Claims (7)
1.一种多功能空气清新剂，包括驱蚊剂、除臭剂和杀毒剂，其特征在于所述除臭剂为锰掺杂的氧化铝微球，记作Mn-Al2O3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能空气清新剂，其特征在于所述驱蚊剂包括水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种多功能空气清新剂，其特征在于所述水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇的体积比为4：3：1.5：1.5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能空气清新剂，其特征在于所述杀毒剂包括过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种多功能空气清新剂，其特征在于，所述过氧乙酸的浓度为0.5wt%，过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水的体积比为0.5：2：3：5。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种多功能空气清新剂，其特征在于，所述杀毒剂PH值在5-5.8之间。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任意一项所述多功能空气清新剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
步骤1，将水、乙醇、派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉醇混合，配制驱蚊剂；
步骤2，将硝酸锰、硝酸铝、尿素沉淀剂及硫酸钾模板剂按质量比为0.3：1：1：2溶于去离子水，待混合液搅拌后转入水热反应釜中，拧紧后置于180℃下水热反应，冷却至室温后离心可得到白色沉淀，用去离子水冼涤四次，乙醇洗涤一次后置于烘箱内干燥，然后在500℃下焙烧制得锰掺杂的氧化铝微球除臭剂，记作Mn-Al2O3；
步骤3，将过氧乙酸、次氯酸、乙醇和水配成挥发性消毒液，将PH值稳定在5-5.8之间；
步骤4，将除臭剂装入无纺布包内，将上述驱蚊剂、除臭剂包和消毒液装入包装盒内，制备出多功能空气清新剂。
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