CN115536796B - 一种精细打磨用聚氨酯材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种精细打磨用聚氨酯材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种精细打磨用聚氨酯材料的制备方法，涉及高分子技术领域。该制备方法包括：取聚醚多元醇a、聚醚多元醇b和聚醚多元醇c混合均匀，脱水后，加入二异氰酸酯和溶剂，搅拌，得到预聚体A组分；将填料、4,4'‑二氨基‑3,3'‑二氯二苯甲烷、1,4丁二醇、聚醚多元醇d、聚醚多元醇e、溶剂和催化剂混合，研磨，得到B组分；将A、B组分混合并注入模具，固化，得该材料。采用本发明方法制备的聚氨酯材料打磨液晶屏屏幕，可以最低限度地降低被打磨物件和自身的磨损，打磨效率高且耐用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子聚合物材料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种精细打磨用聚氨酯材料的制备方法。
背景技术
产品加工中，通常使用的打磨产品为沙盘、砂纸等，这些材质硬度大会对精密仪器及液晶屏等造成损伤。如今，在液晶屏幕和精密仪器的打磨上，使用海绵砂、马鬃毛等，这些材质虽然对打磨产品的损伤小，但其硬度过低，需要耗费更长的打磨时间，且磨损大，高速运动中形成的屑团对工件有二次刮伤的风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种精细打磨用聚氨酯材料的制备方法，采用制备的聚氨酯材料打磨液晶屏屏幕时，可以最低限度地降低被打磨物件和自身的磨损，打磨效率高且耐用。
本发明的目的采用如下技术方案实现。
一种精细打磨用聚氨酯材料的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
(1)取30-80重量份聚醚多元醇a、15-35重量份聚醚多元醇b和5-20重量份聚醚多元醇c混合均匀，脱水后，加入60-130重量份二异氰酸酯和50-100重量份的溶剂，在70～80℃条件下搅拌1-5h，得到异氰酸根质量百分含量为5-20％的预聚体A组分；
(2)将50-80重量份的填料、0-5重量份4,4'-二氨基-3,3'-二氯二苯甲烷、1-10重量份的1,4丁二醇、2-6重量份的聚醚多元醇d、1-5重量份的聚醚多元醇e、0-50重量份溶剂和0.05-0.15重量份催化剂混合，在70-80℃条件下研磨0.5-3h，得到B组分；
(3)用高压机将A组分和B组分混合并注入模具，固化，得到精细打磨用聚氨酯材料。
在本发明中，所述聚醚多元醇a的数均分子量为1000-4000，由丙二醇、二甘醇或1,4丁二醇作为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇b的数均分子量为2000-5000，由丙三醇或者三羟甲基丙烷作为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇c的数均分子量为200-1000，由双酚A或者双酚芴作为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到的。
在本发明中，所述溶剂为丙酮、甲苯、石油醚、氮氮二甲基乙醇胺中的一种或几种；所述二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯中一种或几种的混合物。
在本发明中，所述聚醚多元醇d的数均分子量为5000-12000，由山梨醇或者季戊四醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷共聚得到。
在本发明中，所述聚醚多元醇e的数均分子量为1000-1500，由二甲基乙醇胺或二乙基乙醇胺为起始剂与环氧乙烷共聚得到。
在本发明中，所述填料为二氧化钛、碳酸钙、氧化锆中的一种或几种。
在本发明中，所述催化剂为有机锌或者有机铋中一种或两种的混合物。
在本发明中，所述A组分和B组分的质量比为50-110:50。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
(1)本发明在聚氨酯中加入合适填料，通过配方的调整让填料在聚氨酯弹性体中均匀分散，聚氨酯软的特性结合填料的刚性，进行精密仪器和液晶屏幕的打磨，在达到打磨要求的同时，可以最低限度地降低被打磨物件和自身的磨损，打磨效率高且耐用。
(2)本发明方法，操作简单、安全、环保，制备得到的聚氨酯打磨材料非常适用于精密仪器和液晶屏幕的打磨。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但其并不限制本发明的实施。
实例1
精细打磨用聚氨酯材料1采用如下方法制备：
(1)取75重量份聚醚多元醇a1、20重量份聚醚多元醇b1和5重量份聚醚多元醇c1，混合均匀，在120℃下真空脱水，监测水分。当混合物中水的质量百分含量≤0.08％时，降温至40℃，加入73重量份甲苯二异氰酸酯和50重量份的丙酮，升温至80℃、并在80℃下搅拌3h，得到预聚体A1组分，其中异氰酸根质量百分含量为15％。
(2)取70重量份氧化锆、1重量份4,4'-二氨基-3,3'-二氯二苯甲烷、2重量份1,4丁二醇、5重量份的聚醚多元醇d1、2重量份的聚醚多元醇e1和0.1重量份的有机铋(牌号BACT-E20,购自广州优润合成材料有限公司)混合，在80℃研磨1h得到B1组分。
(3)将A1和B1组分按照质量比为100:50用高压机混合并注入模具，固化48h，得到精细打磨用聚氨酯材料1。
其中聚醚多元醇a1的数均分子量为1000，由丙二醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇b1的数均分子量为3000，由丙三醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇c1的数均分子量为400，由双酚A为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇d1的数均分子量为12000，由山梨醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷无规共聚得到，其中环氧乙烷占分子总质量的15％；聚醚多元醇e1的数均分子量为1000，由二乙基乙醇胺为起始剂与环氧乙烷共聚得到。
实例2
精细打磨用聚氨酯材料2采用如下方法制备：
(1)取70重量份聚醚多元醇a2、20重量份聚醚多元醇b2和10重量份聚醚多元醇c2混合均匀，在120℃下真空脱水，监测水分。当混合物中水的质量百分含量≤0.08％时，降温至40℃，加入77重量份甲苯二异氰酸酯和60重量份的石油醚，升温至75℃、并在75℃下搅拌3h，得到预聚体A2组分，其中异氰酸根质量百分含量为18％。
(2)取60重量份氧化锆、10重量份碳酸钙、3重量份1,4丁二醇、4重量份的聚醚多元醇d2、3重量份的聚醚多元醇e2和0.12重量份的有机铋，在75℃研磨1h，得到B2组分。
(3)将A2和B2组分按照质量比为100:50用高压机混合并注入模具，固化48h，得到精细打磨用聚氨酯材料2。
其中聚醚多元醇a2的数均分子量为2000，由二甘醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇b2的数均分子量为5000，由三羟甲基丙烷为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇c2的数均分子量为1000，由双酚芴为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇d2的数均分子量为10000，由季戊四醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷无规共聚得到，其中环氧乙烷占分子总质量的12％；聚醚多元醇e2的数均分子量为1000，由二乙基乙醇胺为起始剂与环氧乙烷共聚得到。
实例3
精细打磨用聚氨酯材料3采用如下方法制备：
(1)取60重量份聚醚多元醇a3、30重量份聚醚多元醇b3和10重量份聚醚多元醇c3混合均匀，在120℃下真空脱水，监测水分。当混合物中水的质量百分含量≤0.08％时，降温至40℃，加入120重量份萘二异氰酸酯和60重量份的石油醚，升温至70℃、并在70℃下均匀搅拌3h，得到预聚体A3组分，其中异氰酸根质量百分含量为20％。
(2)取80重量份氧化锆、2重量份4,4'-二氨基-3,3'-二氯二苯甲烷、1重量份1,4丁二醇、3重量份的聚醚多元醇d3、4重量份的聚醚多元醇e3和0.12重量份的有机铋，在70℃研磨1h，得到B3组分。
(3)将A2和B2组分按照质量比为64:50用高压机混合并注入模具，固化48h，得到精细打磨用聚氨酯材料3。
其中聚醚多元醇a3的数均分子量为3000，由丙二醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇b3的数均分子量为4000，由三羟甲基丙烷为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇c3的数均分子量为600，由双酚A为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇d3的数均分子量为12000，由山梨醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷无规共聚得到的，其中环氧乙烷占分子总质量的15％；聚醚多元醇e3的数均分子量为1000，由二乙基乙醇胺为起始剂与环氧乙烷共聚得到。
对比例1(公开于CN107363739 B中)
将63重量份的DMF搅拌0.5h，然后加入37重量份的XCW-6021聚氨酯树脂(旭川化学生产，分子量为500-1200，固含量为30％，普通湿型聚氨酯树脂中异氰酸酯占聚氨酯树脂总质量的45-50％；低聚物多元醇占25-30％；扩链剂占10-15％，链段终止剂占0.6％，扩链剂分子量在200以下，发泡剂为聚硅氧烷二醇)，1份膨胀微球，1份发泡剂聚硅氧烷二醇，8份CeO2粉末，0.3份NaCl粉末，0.5份渗透剂，搅拌2h，转速200rpm，形成混合浆料。之后将厚4mm的干燥无纺布在混合浆料中充分浸泡6min，用压辊挤压，压力4.4kg/cm2，这样反复进行2-3次，使无纺布充分浸润浆料。接着将浸渍有浆料的无纺布在固化池固化和复合36min，固化池混合液DMF与去离子水摩尔比为1：3，固化池温度设定为16℃。之后对雏形精抛片过辊轴挤压，将多余浆料、DMF和硬化粒子挤压出来。接着将其在多个清水池中漂洗和挤压，使有机溶剂DMF和NaCl充分溶解在清水池中，直到最后一个清水池DMF含量小于1％为止，这时NaCl粉末亦充分溶解在清水池中。接着将其在烘干机中烘干0.5h，烘干机温度设置为160℃，使精抛片水分和DMF充分蒸发。接着利用砂光机对精抛片打磨，使其表面粗糙度均一，得到对照打磨材料。
各打磨材料的拉伸强度测试，按照GB/T528—1998进行测试；撕裂强度测试，按照GB/T529-1999进行测试。待打磨屏幕：将6块小米品牌的红米Note9手机屏幕放入GUANYUDA公司生产的TBK-938型抛光机，用80目砂纸打磨2min，得到待打磨屏幕，该待打磨屏幕的重量为屏幕原始重量。
将精细打磨用聚氨酯材料1-3与对比例1中对照打磨材料、石英砂磨盘、屏幕打磨布用GUANYUDA公司生产的TBK-938屏幕抛光机对待打磨屏幕进行打磨，固定下压压力为0.2Mpa，打磨时间5min，实验结果见表1。
其中，打磨后屏幕失重＝(屏幕原始重量-打磨后屏幕重量)/屏幕原始重量×100％。
表1各打磨材料的打磨效果
由表可知，本发明制备的聚氨酯精细打磨材料操作简单，且在同等情况下屏幕失重小，且本身损失小，打磨效率高且耐用。
本发明也可用于精细设备中精密零件的划痕修复打磨。
Claims (3)
1.一种精细打磨用聚氨酯材料的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
取30-80重量份聚醚多元醇a 、15-35重量份聚醚多元醇b、5-20重量份聚醚多元醇c混合均匀，脱水后，加入60-130重量份二异氰酸酯和50-100重量份的溶剂，在70～80℃条件下搅拌1-5 h，得到异氰酸根质量百分含量为5-20%的预聚体A组分；
将50-80重量份的填料、0-5份4,4'-二氨基-3,3'-二氯二苯甲烷，1-10重量份的1,4丁二醇，2-6重量份的聚醚多元醇d，1-5重量份的聚醚多元醇e，0-50份溶剂和0.05-0.15重量份催化剂混合，在70-80℃条件下研磨0.5-3 h，得到B组分；
用高压机将组分A和B混合并注入模具，固化，得到精细打磨用聚氨酯材料；
所述聚醚多元醇a是数均分子量为1000-4000，由丙二醇、二甘醇或者1,4丁二醇作为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇b的数均分子量为2000-5000，由丙三醇或者三羟甲基丙烷作为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到；所述聚醚多元醇c的数均分子量为200-1000，由双酚A或者双酚芴作为起始剂与环氧丙烷共聚得到的；所述聚醚e的数均分子量为1000-1500，由二甲基乙醇胺或二乙基乙醇胺为起始剂与环氧乙烷共聚得到的；所述填料为滑石粉、碳酸钙、氧化锆其中的一种或几种；所述聚醚d的数均分子量为5000-12000，由山梨醇或者季戊四醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷共聚得到；所述A组分和B组分的质量比为50-110:50。
2.根据权利要求1所述精细打磨用聚氨酯材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述溶剂为丙酮、甲苯、石油醚、氮氮二甲基乙醇胺中的一种或几种；所述二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯中一种或几种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述精细打磨用聚氨酯材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述催化剂为有机锌或者有机铋中一种或两种的混合物。
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