CN112920362A - 一种微波加热制备无溶剂聚氨酯合成革的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种微波加热制备无溶剂聚氨酯合成革的方法,所述材料是以低粘度高分子量NCO预聚体和OH预聚体为前驱体,添加扩链剂、交联剂和其他助剂等主要原料,通过高速搅拌机快速搅拌下实现原料高均匀度混合;采用微波加热方法,在高温下聚合反应,制备出新型无溶剂聚氨酯合成革。本发明使用设备简单,制备过程简易,制备成本低廉,生产速度高效,易于实现工业化生产,具有良好的工业推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及一种微波加热制备无溶剂聚氨酯合成革的方法,属于聚氨酯合成革制备技术领域。
背景技术
合成革是模拟天然皮革的组织构造和使用性能,并可作为天然皮革代用品的复合材料,主要包括人造革、合成革和超纤革,可用于制作鞋、靴、箱包、沙发、汽车内饰和球类等产品。人造革是以纺织布作为基布,在基布上涂覆高分子浆料制成的仿皮革材料,多数以聚氯乙烯(PVC)作为涂层剂,俗称“PVC”人造革;合成革是以非织造布为基布,经过浸渍高分子材料和涂层整理而制成的仿皮革材料,多数以聚氨酯(PU)作为浸渍材料和涂饰剂,俗称“PU”合成革,聚氨酯制成的仿皮革材料,是合成革行业的高端产品。
聚氨酯(PU)发展始于1960年初,日本成功制造了第一批PU合成革;1960年代末期,日本公司尝试以尼龙丝为基材,开发出可乐丽娜(Clarino)PU合成革产品;其后日本东洋橡胶工业公司和日本帝人公司PU合成革也都相继问世,随后西班牙和意大利等国也相继开始生产PU合成革。
我国合成革发展最早是在上世纪五十年代,上海塑料制品一厂研制成功了PVC人造革,但我国人造革合成革行业到了上世纪八九十年代后才获得迅速发展。目前,我国已然是聚氨酯(PU)合成革生产大国,约占世界产能的80%。我国的合成革工业主要集中分布在福建、浙江地。随着人们环保意识的增强和我国环保法规的日趋严格,清洁生产技术替代落后的生产工艺,中高端合成革替代低端产品已经成为主要趋势。
目前,我国PU合成革的制备方式主要是溶剂型,所用树脂材料中,有机溶剂占70%以上,合成革制造行业每年产生废弃溶剂量超过200万吨,对环境产生了严重污染。这对合成革行业的可持续发展带来巨大的威胁。目前合成革技术发展的主要方向是环境友好型生态合成革,主要从如下四个方面入手:1)采用无毒无害的原材料;2)采用清洁环保生产工艺;3)产品使用过程中对人和环境没有危害;4)合成革产品自身具有一定的生物可降解性。
聚氨基甲酸酯(PU),是由多异氰酸酯与多元醇通过逐步加成聚合反应生成的一类高分子化合物。1937年,德国以拜耳教授率先成功研制出了PU树脂,从此PU便以其软硬度可调节范围广、低温性能优良、柔韧性好、附着力强等众多优点受到人们的广泛关注,成为合成革制造行业的主流产品之一。
合成PU的原料主要包括低聚物多元醇、二异氰酸酯、扩链剂、催化剂以及一些其它的功能性助剂:
低聚物多元醇:常用的有聚醚二元醇有聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚丙二醇(PPG)、聚乙二醇(PEG)等。多元醇的链段非常柔顺,呈无规卷曲状态,构成了PU分子链中软段的结构,其种类、化学结构和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)决定PU胶膜的弹性、耐水解性以及低温性能。
异氰酸酯:主要为脂肪族多异氰酸酯、芳香族多异氰酸酯两大类。采用前者制得的PU具有较好的耐黄变性能,而后者则具有成本优势。常用的异氰酸酯主要有二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)是主要的脂肪族二异氰酸酯之一。
扩链剂:扩链剂是指含有两个官能团的化合物,通常是小分子二元醇、二元胺等,在PU分子中对硬段含量产生贡献。硬段链段承担着PU的硬度、模量、撕裂强度和耐磨性能。
其它常用的辅助材料:包括:催化剂、增稠剂、耐久性助剂、填料、着色剂、消泡剂、流平剂等助剂。
聚氨酯(PU)合成革制备技术正由溶剂型往高固溶剂、水性溶剂和无溶剂方向发展,包括水性聚氨酯(WPU)合成革、无溶剂聚氨酯(SFPU)合成革和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)合成革等。其中,无溶剂聚氨酯(SFPU)合成革在工艺过程中不会使用任何有机溶剂,是未来发展的重点。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种微波加热制备无溶剂聚氨酯合成革的方法。
本申请是以低粘度高分子量NCO预聚体和OH预聚体为前驱体,添加扩链剂、交联剂和其他助剂等主要原料,通过高速搅拌机快速搅拌下实现原料高均匀度混合;采用微波加热方法,在高温下聚合反应,制备出新型无溶剂聚氨酯合成革。
本申请能产生的有益效果包括:
1.本发明使用微波加热替代传统的电阻加热,可以提高聚氨酯合成革的制备效率。微波加热是通过材料中的极性分子吸收一定的微波能,从而使得分子高速旋转产生摩擦和碰撞,进而产生热量,由于是内加热,速度非常快。微波技术在化学合成的反应中具有节能环保的特点,是实现绿色化学的重要途径。
2.本发明操作性强,易于实现工业化生产:整个制备包含的溶质均匀化工艺过程以及气氛炉进行低温下反应的工艺过程,这两大工艺过程在工业生产中很容易实现,同时易于对其进行工艺控制和优化,从而实现量化的工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中聚氨酯合成革的实物。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详述本申请,但本申请并不局限于实施例。
如无特别说明,本申请的实施例中的原料均通过商业途径购买。
实施例1
本发明实施例1的一种微波加热制备无溶剂聚氨酯合成革材料的典型制备过程如下:
1)在装有机械搅拌器的四口瓶中,准确称取一定量的聚丙二醇PPG-2000、聚丙二醇PPG-4000、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚、二醇甘油聚醚、蓖麻油、1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇加入四口瓶中,温度升高至并维持在80-100℃,开通机械搅拌器搅拌,在此温度下真空除水4小时。然后冷却至50℃左右,加入适量的1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、水、催化剂以及其他助剂,搅拌均匀自然冷却至室温,得到含有蓖麻油OH预聚体,储存待用。
2)在装有机械搅拌器的四口瓶中,准确称取一定量的聚丙二醇PPG-2000、聚丙二醇PPG-4000、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚、二醇甘油聚醚、蓖麻油加入四口瓶中,温度升高至并维持在80-100℃,开通机械搅拌器搅拌,在此温度下真空除水4小时。然后冷却至80℃左右,加入适量的MDI-50,保温反应4小时,冷却至室温得到含有蓖麻油NCO预聚体,储存待用。
3)按比例称取低粘度高分子量NCO预聚体、OH预聚体等前驱体,以及扩链剂、交联剂和其他助剂等主要原料,通过高速搅拌机快速搅拌,实现原料高均匀度混合。
4)将搅拌过后的药品通过钢管刮涂,在衬底材料上涂抹均匀;采用微波加热的方法,在120℃下聚合反应,制备出无溶剂聚氨酯合成革;新制备出的无溶剂聚氨酯合成革温度较高,具有一定黏度,将其与合成革用非织造布贴合,待温度下降到室温时候将合成革从衬底材料上冷却剥离。
Claims (3)
1.一种微波加热制备无溶剂聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于,所述合成革材料是以低粘度高分子量NCO预聚体和OH预聚体为前驱体,添加扩链剂、交联剂和其他助剂等主要原料,通过高速搅拌机快速搅拌下实现原料高均匀度混合;采用微波加热方法,在高温下聚合反应,制备出新型无溶剂聚氨酯合成革。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种微波加热制备无溶剂聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于所述预聚体可为低粘度高分子量NCO预聚体和低粘度高分子量OH预聚体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种微波加热制备无溶剂聚氨酯合成革的方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
1)在装有机械搅拌器的四口瓶中,准确称取一定量的聚丙二醇PPG-2000、聚丙二醇PPG-4000、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚、二醇甘油聚醚、蓖麻油、1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇加入四口瓶中,温度升高至并维持在80-100℃,开通机械搅拌器搅拌,在此温度下真空除水4小时。然后冷却至50℃左右,加入适量的1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、水、催化剂以及其他助剂,搅拌均匀自然冷却至室温,得到含有蓖麻油OH预聚体,储存待用。
2)在装有机械搅拌器的四口瓶中,准确称取一定量的聚丙二醇PPG-2000、聚丙二醇PPG-4000、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚、二醇甘油聚醚、蓖麻油加入四口瓶中,温度升高至并维持在80-100℃,开通机械搅拌器搅拌,在此温度下真空除水4小时。然后冷却至80℃左右,加入适量的MDI-50,保温反应4小时,冷却至室温得到含有蓖麻油NCO预聚体,储存待用。
3)按比例称取低粘度高分子量NCO预聚体、OH预聚体等前驱体,以及扩链剂、交联剂和其他助剂等主要原料,通过高速搅拌机快速搅拌,实现原料高均匀度混合。
4)将搅拌过后的药品通过钢管刮涂,在衬底材料上涂抹均匀;采用微波加热的方法,在120℃下聚合反应,制备出无溶剂聚氨酯合成革;新制备出的无溶剂聚氨酯合成革温度较高,具有一定黏度,将其与合成革用非织造布贴合,待温度下降到室温时候将合成革从衬底材料上冷却剥离。
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CN115895431A (zh) * | 2022-12-18 | 2023-04-04 | 现代纺织技术创新中心(鉴湖实验室) | 低粘度生物质双组分无溶剂聚氨酯涂层及其制备方法 |
CN116041659A (zh) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-05-02 | 旭川化学(苏州)有限公司 | 一种无溶剂型生物基聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和用途 |
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