CN115536374A - 一种用于近净成型的锂辉石玻璃陶瓷打印料浆的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于近净成型的锂辉石玻璃陶瓷打印料浆的制备方法。利用羟乙基纤维素作为分散剂，水为溶剂制备（锂辉石）LAS浆料，制备的浆料可以满足直写3D打印的成型要求。主要包括以下步骤：室温下，在（锂辉石）LAS溶液中加入分散剂，在一定添加量范围内，可以得到的浆料粘度低分散性好的可印刷浆料。本发明属于增材制造领域，该方法能制备出稳定可印刷的3D打印浆料，在近净成型3D打印锂辉石陶瓷方面具有重要的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供一种近净成型的锂辉石玻璃陶瓷打印浆料的制备方法，属于增材制造领域。
背景技术
锂辉石（LAS）陶瓷的膨胀系数极低，化学耐久性好、机械强度高，在天文望远镜反射镜坯料、环形激光陀螺仪和涡轮发动机热交换器等领域都得到了广泛的应用。但是，复杂形状的锂辉石陶瓷制品成型较为困难。近年来陶瓷3D打印技术引起了广泛的关注。因为其在形状和结构的设计方面拥有着无限的自由度。但是，3D打印陶瓷往往存在后期烧结收缩大，难以近净成型的问题。本申请采用超低热膨胀的锂辉石玻璃陶瓷（锂辉石作为主晶相，包含少量的玻璃相）粉末为原料制备打印浆料。少量玻璃相可以促进烧结，在高温时将锂辉石晶粒粘结在一起。由于原料粉体中已经析出了大量的锂辉石晶体，可减小烧结收缩。此外，锂辉石晶体的热膨胀系数极低，热处理带来的尺寸变形也较小。综上，通过降低烧结收缩与热变形有望改善3D打印锂辉石玻璃陶瓷零件的热收缩问题，获得近净成型的锂辉石玻璃陶瓷制品。为了保证锂辉石玻璃陶瓷浆料的稳定性与流动性，便于制品生坯的成型。本申请选用羟乙基纤维素（HEC）作为添加剂。主要原因是它在有机溶剂中的溶解度较好，因此易于溶解和化学修饰。通过疏水侧链的结合形成分子间的瞬态网络，表现出优异的增稠作用，它可以作为稳定剂、粘结剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、分散剂，具有广泛的粘度范围。形成的浆料稳定性好，有助于获得良好的锂辉石玻璃陶瓷3D打印生坯，为后续的近净成型提供基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的是制备一种用于近净成型的锂辉石玻璃陶瓷打印料浆的方法，可以用于立体印刷的3D直写打印浆料。为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案步骤如下所述。
一种用于近净成型的锂辉石玻璃陶瓷打印料浆的方法,具体包括以下步骤：
（1）将一定量的羟乙基纤维素溶于水中形成混合溶液Ⅰ。
上述方案（1）特征在于，溶液Ⅰ中羟乙基纤维素的添加量为0.5wt.%。
（2）取过50目筛的LAS浆料80克于烧杯中。
上述方案（2）特征在于，LAS粉体是经过1000℃处理保温4小时得到的粉体。
（3）将上述配置的溶液 Ⅰ 与（2）中称量好的LAS粉体混合均匀，25℃下，通过在行星式球磨机球磨，使其得到均匀稳定可印刷的LAS打印浆料。
上述方案（3）特征在于，球磨时间为4小时，球料比为3:1，球磨速度为420rpm。
相比于其他打印浆料的特点，本发明的特点在于：
（1）羟乙基纤维素是白色到浅黄色纤维状或粉状固体。无毒、无味。属非离子型的纤维素醚类，由于分子内含有亲水性的羟乙基，故易溶于冷水和热水。对热稳定。羟乙基纤维素根据取代度(DS)不同有不同的溶解度。不溶于绝大多数有机溶剂。具有增稠、悬浮、黏合、乳化、分散、保持水分等性能。因此，只需要对羟乙基纤维素的添加量进行精准调节，便可实现对料浆稳定性的优化；同时本申请中较少的羟乙基纤维素添加量，在保证了浆料的稳定性的同时，也保证了陶瓷材料在后续的煅烧成型中不会形成大量的孔洞，进一步增强了材料的力学性能；
（2）因为采用的LAS粉体是经过1000℃预处理的锂辉石粉体，微观结构是锂辉石晶相与少量玻璃相的混合物，依靠该少量玻璃相在高温粘结锂辉石晶粒，抑制过分烧结收缩；同时，锂辉石本征的超低热膨胀性，将有望改善陶瓷零件的热收缩；并且，制备的浆料具有较高的固相含量，固相含量为72wt.%。具有较高的屈服应力能够实现自支撑，可快速固化印刷，综合上述优点最终实现近净成型。
附图说明
图1表示的是加入不同含量的羟乙基纤维素，通过沉降实验来选择合适的添加量；图1a为沉降72小时之后的静置光学照片；图1b是打印过程中挤出浆料的稳定照片，用来验证打印过程中的稳定性。
图2a为72wt.%固相含量下的剪切速率和粘度；图2b为剪切速率和剪切应力的曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
将本实验所用羟乙基纤维素按照添加量（相对于粉末总质量）为0.2 wt.%，0.4wt.%，0.6 wt.%，0.8 wt.%。通过测试浆料的粘度大小来选择合适的分散剂，粘度越小越好，粘度越小越利于浆料的挤出；沉淀一定时间后，记录上清液高度为(H1)，浆料初始高度为(H0)，然后计算H1/H0值，得到浆料的稳定性；如图1a显然，H1/H0值越低，浆料的稳定性越高。同时也可从图中发现，使用了羟乙基纤维素的浆料在经过72小时后仍具有良好的稳定性；如图1b所示，挤出的浆料足以支撑后续层的印刷且不会发生坍塌变形，层与层之间粘接良好，挤压出的纤维是均匀的，印刷体的结构得到了很好的维护，有利于提高印刷坯体的精度，减少缺陷。
实施例2
浆料通过打印成型，处理加工后测试材料的力学性能，最终结果如图2所示，图2a为本实验使用的72wt.%固相含量下的剪切速率和粘度，图2b为剪切速率和剪切应力的曲线图；据报道，用于DIW的可印刷陶瓷油墨的屈服应力应大于200 Pa；显然，当固相含量为72wt.%时，锂辉石油墨的屈服应力完全满足上述标准。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本技术领域的普通技术人员应当了解，本发明不受实施例限制，还可以做出若干修改和润饰，这些修改和润饰也在本发明要求的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于近净成型的锂辉石玻璃陶瓷打印料浆的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）将一定量的分散剂溶于29克水溶液中形成溶液Ⅰ；
（2）取80克1000℃煅烧4小时且过50目筛的LAS浆料于烧杯中；
（3）将上述配置的溶液Ⅰ 加入LAS粉体烧杯中，25℃下，通过在行星式球磨机球磨4小时，使其得到均匀稳定可印刷的LAS打印浆料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的分散剂为羟乙基纤维素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，1000℃煅烧四小时的LAS粉料，此过程LAS粉体逐渐晶化，改善其在水中的分散性。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的混合溶液LAS的固相含量为72wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的羟乙基纤维素添加量为0.5wt%。
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| CN111848141A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏师范大学 | 一种浆料直写成型3d打印用陶瓷膏体的制备方法 |
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| CN114835401A (zh) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-02 | 大连工业大学 | 一种二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的3d打印制备方法 |
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| US20220024823A1 (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-01-27 | Imertech Sas | Ceramic paste compositions for 3d printing |
| CN111848141A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏师范大学 | 一种浆料直写成型3d打印用陶瓷膏体的制备方法 |
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