CN115534436A - 一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布及其制备方法，高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布包括基层，所述基层上下两面均设有加固层。本发明通过樟木木浆制备出樟木纤维并将樟木纤维用于纺织出基层，所生产出的无纺布在保持良好的抗撕裂性的同时还能实现良好的透气性，另外无纺布所使用的纤维在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，可提高无纺布的防污性能，使得无纺布不易吸收污渍，更容易清洗掉污渍，而将樟木精油与改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅混合后再一起在纤维混合过程中加入，还可以提高樟木精油附着在纤维上的持久度，从而使无纺布的防污性能保持的更加持久。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布技术领域，具体涉及一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
无纺布是一种非织造布，它是直接利用高聚物切片、短纤维或长丝将纤维通过气流或机械成网，然后经过水刺，针刺，或热轧加固，最后经过后整理形成的无编织的布料，然而现有技术中，抗撕裂性能较好的无纺布，一般透气性会较差，另外无纺布一般防污性能较差，易于吸收污渍，污渍浸入时间较长，便难以清洗干净。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于为了解决上述问题而提供一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布及其制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的：
一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布，包括基层，所述基层上下两面均设有加固层，所述加固层由棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按照质量比(42％～60％)：(28％～52％)：(6％～12％)制备而成。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述基层由棉纤维、聚乳酸纤维、混合木纤维制备而成，其中混合木纤维的质量为42％～62％。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述混合木纤维由樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆制备而成，其中樟木木浆的质量为24％～46％。
一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：以香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分为原料，经蒸煮和萃取获得樟木精油；
步骤二：以步骤一蒸煮处理后的香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分制备获得樟木木浆，以樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆为原材料充分混合获得混合木浆，以混合木浆为原料制备获得混合木纤维，利用超声分散设备将棉纤维和聚乳酸纤维与混合木纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物一；
步骤三：以混合物一为原料，采用水刺无纺布工艺制备获得基布，经干燥和热压定型后获得基层；
步骤四：利用超声分散设备将棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物二；
步骤五：以混合物二为原料，在基层上下两面均采用针刺无纺布工艺制备获得加固层，经热压定型后获得无纺布。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，在步骤二中和步骤四中，每100kg的纤维中添加2.5～6.5kg樟木精油。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，在步骤二中和步骤四中，樟木精油添加的具体方式为：
S1、在温度26℃(±2℃)的条件下，将硅溶胶与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯单体按照质量比1：(3.2～4.6)进行混合，并利用沉降分离法得到球形二氧化硅，经烘干处理、预分散处理、煅烧处理后得到改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅；
S2、将改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅与樟木精油充分混合并静置36h，获得混合物三；
S3、将混合物三在步骤二中棉纤维、聚乳酸纤维、混合木纤维混合过程中添加入，将混合物三在步骤四中棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维混合过程中添加入。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明通过樟木木浆制备出樟木纤维并将樟木纤维用于纺织出基层，所生产出的无纺布在保持良好的抗撕裂性的同时还能实现良好的透气性，另外无纺布所使用的纤维在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，可提高无纺布的防污性能，使得无纺布不易吸收污渍，更容易清洗掉污渍，而将樟木精油与改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅混合后再一起在纤维混合过程中加入，还可以提高樟木精油附着在纤维上的持久度，从而使无纺布的防污性能保持的更加持久。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图；
图中：1、基层；2、加固层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本申请作进一步详细描述，有必要在此指出的是，以下具体实施方式只用于对本申请进行进一步的说明，不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制，该领域的技术人员可以根据上述申请内容对本申请作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例一
如图1所示，一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布，包括基层，所述基层上下两面均设有加固层，所述加固层由棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维制备而成。
在本实施例中，所述基层由棉纤维、聚乳酸纤维、混合木纤维制备而成。
在本实施例中，所述混合木纤维由樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆制备而成。
按照下述生产方法进行生产高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：以香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分为原料，经蒸煮和萃取获得樟木精油；
步骤二：以步骤一蒸煮处理后的香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分制备获得樟木木浆，以樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆为原材料充分混合获得混合木浆，以混合木浆为原料制备获得混合木纤维，利用超声分散设备将棉纤维和聚乳酸纤维与混合木纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加2.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物一；
步骤三：以混合物一为原料，采用水刺无纺布工艺制备获得基布，经干燥和热压定型后获得基层；
步骤四：利用超声分散设备将棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加2.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物二；
步骤五：以混合物二为原料，在基层上下两面均采用针刺无纺布工艺制备获得加固层，经热压定型后获得无纺布。
需要说明的是，在步骤二中和步骤四中，樟木精油添加的具体方式为：
S1、在温度26℃(±2℃)的条件下，将硅溶胶与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯单体按照质量比1：3.5进行混合，并利用沉降分离法得到球形二氧化硅，经烘干处理、分散处理、煅烧处理后得到改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅；
S2、将改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅与樟木精油充分混合并静置36h，获得混合物三；
S3、将混合物三在步骤二中棉纤维、聚乳酸纤维、混合木纤维混合过程中添加入，将混合物三在步骤四中棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维混合过程中添加入。
为了研究无纺布生产方法中的各项因素对所生产的无纺布各性能的影响，设计了多种生产方案进行生产，具体方案如表1所示：
表1
为了验证本发明的效果，对依据1-3组方案所生产出的无纺布进行测试，每组无纺布90个，对应标号为A1-A3组，进行无纺布的抗撕裂性能测试、透气率测试、防污性能测试。
抗撕裂性能测试依照GB/T24218.3—2010《纺织品-非织造布试验方法-第3部分：断裂强力和断裂伸长率的测定(条样法)》的测定方法进行检测。
透气率测试依照GB/T24218.15-2018《纺织品-非织造布试验方法-第15部分：透气性的测定》的测定方法进行检测实验。
防污性能测试具体为：首先准备好污染物，例如：灰尘、酱油、火龙果汁、黄瓜汁、芹菜汁，室温环境下，静置30分钟，然后便可根据灰尘、酱油、火龙果汁、黄瓜汁、芹菜汁的当前色度进行分别制作色度卡，色度卡标记为C1-C18个不同等级，其中C18标记为污染物的当前色度，C1即为无纺布的本色，且每个等级与相邻两个等级的色度差值均是相同的，取6块无纺布铺撒上灰尘，取6块无纺布涂覆上酱油，取6块无纺布涂覆上火龙果汁，取6块无纺布涂覆上黄瓜汁，取6块无纺布涂覆上芹菜汁，需要注意的是，在铺撒或涂覆污染物的时候，每块无纺布上污染物的用量需要相同，铺撒或涂覆的初始面积也需相同，静置36h后，再以清水浸泡30min后取出无纺布，然后与色度卡进行对比，观察并记录下无纺布色度。
实验检测结果如表2所示：
表2
实验结论：根据上表数据可得知，依据第2组方案所生产出的无纺布断裂强力最大，断裂伸长率最大，因此依据第2组方案所生产出的无纺布在保持良好的抗撕裂性的同时还能保持很好的透气度，并且无纺布对灰尘、酱油、火龙果汁、黄瓜汁、芹菜汁这些污染物的防污效果均比其他组方案所生产出的无纺布会更好，因此第2组方案为最优方案。
实施例2
将步骤二替换为：
步骤二：以步骤一蒸煮处理后的香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分制备获得樟木木浆，以樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆为原材料充分混合获得混合木浆，以混合木浆为原料制备获得混合木纤维，利用超声分散设备将棉纤维和聚乳酸纤维与混合木纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加5.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物一；
将步骤四替换为：
步骤四：利用超声分散设备将棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加5.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物二；
其余步骤以及樟木精油添加的具体方式均与第2组方案相同。
依据上述测试方法，所检测出的结果为：
断裂强力451N、横向断裂伸长率178％、纵向断裂伸长率167％、透气度828、灰尘色度4、酱油色度7、火龙果汁色度4、黄瓜汁色度1、芹菜汁色度2。
实施例3
将步骤二替换为：
步骤二：以步骤一蒸煮处理后的香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分制备获得樟木木浆，以樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆为原材料充分混合获得混合木浆，以混合木浆为原料制备获得混合木纤维，利用超声分散设备将棉纤维和聚乳酸纤维与混合木纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加6.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物一；
将步骤四替换为：
步骤四：利用超声分散设备将棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加4.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物二；
其余步骤以及樟木精油添加的具体方式均与第2组方案相同。
依据上述测试方法，所检测出的结果为：
断裂强力450N、横向断裂伸长率175％、纵向断裂伸长率164％、透气度826、灰尘色度5、酱油色度8、火龙果汁色度5、黄瓜汁色度2、芹菜汁色度3。
实验结论：每100kg的纤维在混合过程中添加5.5kg的樟木精油，可提高无纺布的防污效果，从实结果的验数据来看，实施例2为最优方案。
实施例4
将樟木精油添加的具体方式修改为：
S1、在温度26℃(±2℃)的条件下，将硅溶胶与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯单体按照质量比1：4.2进行混合，并利用沉降分离法得到球形二氧化硅，经烘干处理、预分散处理、煅烧处理后得到改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅；
S2、将改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅与樟木精油充分混合并静置36h，获得混合物三；
S3、将混合物三在步骤二中棉纤维、聚乳酸纤维、混合木纤维混合过程中添加入，将混合物三在步骤四中棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维混合过程中添加入。
其余步骤与实施例2的方案相同。
无纺布的抗撕裂性能测试、透气率测试均依据上述测试方法进行，但是无纺布的防污性能测试进行两次，无纺布的防污性能测试的方法也均依据上述测试方法进行检测，但是需要对检测的无纺布进行处理，具体为：
第一次检测的无纺布和实施例2的无纺布一致；
第二次检测的无纺布先取与实施例2一样的无纺布，每个无纺布均手动揉搓2h，揉搓次数在2500-3000次之间，然后对揉搓后的无纺布进行检测。
所检测出的结果为：
抗撕裂性能测试、透气率测试结果：断裂强力454N、横向断裂伸长率177％、纵向断裂伸长率167％、透气度829；
第一次防污性能测试结果：灰尘色度3、酱油色度6、火龙果汁色度3、黄瓜汁色度1、芹菜汁色度1；
第二次防污性能测试结果：灰尘色度4、酱油色度7、火龙果汁色度4、黄瓜汁色度1、芹菜汁色度2。
实验结论：从实结果的验数据来看，依据实施例4的方案所生产出的无纺布，抗撕裂性能、透气率、防污性能均是最好的，因此，实施例4为最优方案。
为了验证生产无纺布方法中，樟木木浆对无纺布的抗撕裂性能、透气率的影响，设置了对比例1，如下所示：
对比例1：
生产高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：以香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分为原料，经蒸煮和萃取获得樟木精油；
步骤二：以针叶木浆、阔叶木浆为原材料充分混合获得混合木浆，以混合木浆为原料制备获得混合木纤维，利用超声分散设备将棉纤维和聚乳酸纤维与混合木纤维按质量比45％：55％充分混合，并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加5.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物一；
步骤三：以混合物一为原料，采用水刺无纺布工艺制备获得基布，经干燥和热压定型后获得基层；
步骤四：利用超声分散设备将棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加5.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物二；
步骤五：以混合物二为原料，在基层上下两面均采用针刺无纺布工艺制备获得加固层，经热压定型后获得无纺布。
樟木精油添加的具体方式与实施例4保持一致。
为了验证生产无纺布方法中，樟木精油和樟木精油添加方式对无纺布的防污性能的影响，设置了对比例2和对比例3，如下所示：
对比例2
生产高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：以香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分为原料进行蒸煮；
步骤二：以步骤一蒸煮处理后的香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分制备获得樟木木浆，以樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆为原材料充分混合获得混合木浆，其中混合木浆中樟木木浆质量为35％，以混合木浆为原料制备获得混合木纤维，利用超声分散设备将棉纤维和聚乳酸纤维与混合木纤维按质量比45％：55％充分混合，以此制备获得混合物一；
步骤三：以混合物一为原料，采用水刺无纺布工艺制备获得基布，经干燥和热压定型后获得基层；
步骤四：利用超声分散设备将棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按质量比56％:36％:8％充分混合，以此制备获得混合物二；
步骤五：以混合物二为原料，在基层上下两面均采用针刺无纺布工艺制备获得加固层，经热压定型后获得无纺。
对比例3
生产高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：以香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分为原料，经蒸煮和萃取获得樟木精油；
步骤二：以步骤一蒸煮处理后的香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分制备获得樟木木浆，以樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆为原材料充分混合获得混合木浆，其中混合木浆中樟木木浆质量为35％，以混合木浆为原料制备获得混合木纤维，利用超声分散设备将棉纤维和聚乳酸纤维与混合木纤维按质量比45％：55％充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加5.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物一；
步骤三：以混合物一为原料，采用水刺无纺布工艺制备获得基布，经干燥和热压定型后获得基层；
步骤四：利用超声分散设备将棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按质量比56％:36％:8％充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，每100kg的纤维中添加5.5kg樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物二；
步骤五：以混合物二为原料，在基层上下两面均采用针刺无纺布工艺制备获得加固层，经热压定型后获得无纺。
检测方法同实施例2，实验检测结果如表3所示：
表3
实验结论：根据上表数据可得知，通过樟木木浆制备出樟木纤维并将樟木纤维用于纺织出基层，所生产出的无纺布在保持良好的抗撕裂性的同时还能实现良好的透气性，另外无纺布所使用的纤维在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，可提高无纺布的防污性能，使得无纺布不易吸收污渍，更容易清洗掉污渍，而将樟木精油与改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅混合后再一起在纤维混合过程中加入，还可以提高樟木精油附着在纤维上的持久度，从而使无纺布的防污性能保持的更加持久。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布，其特征在于：包括基层，所述基层上下两面均设有加固层(2)，所述加固层(2)由棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按照质量比(42％～60％)：(28％～52％)：(6％～12％)制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布，其特征在于：所述基层由棉纤维、聚乳酸纤维、混合木纤维制备而成，其中混合木纤维的质量为42％～62％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布，其特征在于：所述混合木纤维由樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆制备而成，其中樟木木浆的质量为24％～46％。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
步骤一：以香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分为原料，经蒸煮和萃取获得樟木精油；
步骤二：以步骤一蒸煮处理后的香樟木的树干、树根等木质部分制备获得樟木木浆，以樟木木浆、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆为原材料充分混合获得混合木浆，以混合木浆为原料制备获得混合木纤维，利用超声分散设备将棉纤维和聚乳酸纤维与混合木纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物一；
步骤三：以混合物一为原料，采用水刺无纺布工艺制备获得基布，经干燥和热压定型后获得基层；
步骤四：利用超声分散设备将棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维按质量比充分混合并在混合过程中添加入樟木精油，以此制备获得混合物二；
步骤五：以混合物二为原料，在基层上下两面均采用针刺无纺布工艺制备获得加固层(2)，经热压定型后获得无纺布。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤二中和步骤四中，每100kg的纤维中添加2.5～6.5kg樟木精油。
6.根据权利要求4所述的高性能纤维防撕裂无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤二中和步骤四中，樟木精油添加的具体方式为：
S1、在温度26℃(±2℃)的条件下，将硅溶胶与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯单体按照质量比1：(3.2～4.6)进行混合，并利用沉降分离法得到球形二氧化硅，经烘干处理、预分散处理、煅烧处理后得到改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅；
S2、将改性纳米级多孔性球形二氧化硅与樟木精油充分混合并静置36h，获得混合物三；
S3、将混合物三在步骤二中棉纤维、聚乳酸纤维、混合木纤维混合过程中添加入，将混合物三在步骤四中棉纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、碳纤维混合过程中添加入。
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