CN115490214A - 氮化碳材料、其制备方法和在食品添加剂脱毒中的应用 - Google Patents
氮化碳材料、其制备方法和在食品添加剂脱毒中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了氮化碳材料、其制备方法和在食品添加剂脱毒中的应用,属于食品脱毒材料及有机合成技术领域。本发明选择将高碳数脂肪醇和尿素混合,在高温下制备氮化碳材料,经超声处理后,进行真空抽滤,最终所制备的氮化碳材料可以分为两部分:一部分为空心豌豆荚形状的CNPs,另一部分是量子点CNDs。空心的豌豆荚比表面积大,活性位点高,从而具有较高的光催化性能,能催化食品色素降解和脱毒;量子点具有较高的发光性能,可以对食品色素进行灵敏的荧光检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品脱毒材料及有机合成技术领域,具体涉及氮化碳材料、其制备方法和在食品添加剂脱毒中的应用。
背景技术
碳基材料以其低毒、高光稳定性、良好的生物相容性和生物降解性等优点,在荧光传感、光催化降解等领域得到了广泛的研究。石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)是研究最多的碳基材料之一。在光催化中,低光致电荷分离和缺乏活性中心限制了光催化降解效率。为了克服这些缺陷,研究人员已经开发了几种策略,包括形态裁剪、异质结构构建和离子掺杂。形态裁剪可以加快具有丰富活性位点的光诱导载体的分离。同时,一些技术被用于合成g-C3N4点,用作光学传感器的发光探针。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种氮化碳材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
将高碳数脂肪醇和尿素混合,均匀研磨,形成混合前驱体。将混合前驱体以1~10℃/min的升温速率升温到550℃,保温1~5h。待反应体系自发冷却至室温,获得石墨相氮化碳混合粉末。将混合粉末加入到去离子水中,进行超声处理,然后置于布氏漏斗中,真空抽滤收集。在滤纸上获得的粉末为g-C3N4粉末,在过滤瓶中获得的悬浮液为g-C3N4量子点。
上述制备方法中,高碳数脂肪醇选自十四醇、十五醇或十六醇。
上述制备方法中,高碳数脂肪醇与尿素的质量比为0.5~5:1000~5000。
上述制备方法中,超声处理条件为:50~100W,30~60min。
上述g-C3N4粉末为空心的豌豆荚形状的石墨相氮化碳材料,其比表面积大,活性位点高,具有较高的光催化性能,可用于食品添加剂的光催化降解和脱毒。优选的,所述食品添加剂选自色素,色素选自日落黄。
上述g-C3N4量子点具有较高的发光性能,可用于食品添加剂的荧光检测,灵敏度高。优选的,所述食品添加剂选自色素,色素选自日落黄。
本发明的有益效果为:
只用尿素制备的氮化碳材料,其反应活性位点少;当尿素中掺入高碳数脂肪醇之后,所制备的氮化碳材料可以分为两部分:一部分为空心豌豆荚形状,另一部分是量子点。空心的豌豆荚比表面积大,活性位点高,从而具有较高的光催化性能;量子点具有较高的发光性能,可以对食品色素进行灵敏的荧光检测。
附图说明
图1为氮化碳材料(CNPs和CNDs)制备过程及应用示意图;其中,(i)荧光检测;(ii)为可见光降解;
图2为实施例1所述CNPs的SEM和TEM图;其中,图a和图b为SEM图,图c为TEM图;
图3为实施例1所述CNDs的发光对比图和原子力显微图像;其中,图a为CNDs溶液在日光和紫外灯照射时的发光对比图,图b为CNDs原子力显微图像;
图4为实施例1所述CNPs和对比例1所述纯氮化碳的XRD图;其中,上方曲线为CNPs,下方曲线为纯氮化碳;
图5为实施例1所述CNPs和对比例1所述纯氮化碳的FT-IR图;其中,上方曲线为纯氮化碳,下方曲线为CNPs;
图6为CNDs的荧光强度随时间变化;其中,图中曲线从上到下依次代表的时间为0min、10min、20min、30min、40min、50min、60min。
具体实施方式
在本发明中所使用的术语,除非有另外说明,一般具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义。下面结合具体实施例,并参照数据进一步详细的描述本发明。以下实施例只是为了举例说明本发明,而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
将2mg十六醇和3g尿素混合,均匀研磨,形成混合前驱体。将混合前驱体以5℃/min的升温速率升温到550℃,保持2h。待反应体系自发冷却至室温,获得石墨相氮化碳混合粉末。将混合粉末加入到去离子水中,100W超声处理30min,并通过抽滤收集。在滤纸上获得的粉末为g-C3N4粉末(CNPs),在过滤瓶中获得的悬浮液为g-C3N4量子点(CNDs)。上述粉末可继续置于烘箱中干燥过夜收集,上述悬浮液则可直接保存在-4℃冰箱中备用。上述制备过程示意图如图1所示。
图2展示了CNPs的SEM和TEM图。由SEM图(图a和图b)可知,所制备的CNPs的形貌为空心的豌豆荚状,并且在表面有孔的存在。TEM图(图c)可进一步证明所制备的氮化碳粉末为空心的豌豆荚状。
图3为CNDs的发光对比图和原子力显微图像。由该图可知,在360nm紫外光照下,CNDs可发射蓝色荧光,其形貌特征如图b所示。
对比例1
将3g尿素均匀研磨,以5℃/min的升温速率升温到550℃,保持2h。待反应体系自发冷却至室温,获得纯石墨相氮化碳粉末。
图4为CNPs和纯氮化碳的XRD图。由该图可知,与下方曲线所代表的纯氮化碳相比,上方曲线所代表的CNPs在晶体结构上是相似的,其区别在于,CNPs的衍射强度低,这说明样品有低的结晶度。
图5为CNPs和纯氮化碳的FT-IR图。由该图可知,CNPs和纯氮化碳表现出相同的红外吸收峰,这表明尽管高级脂肪醇的加入降低了氮化碳的结晶度,但是还是保留了氮化碳七嗪环的化学结构。
实施例2
将2mg十四醇和3g尿素混合,均匀研磨,形成混合前驱体。将混合前驱体以10℃/min的升温速率升温至550℃,保持3h。待反应体系自发冷却至室温,获得石墨相氮化碳混合粉末。将混合粉末加入到去离子水中,100W超声处理30min,并通过抽滤收集。在滤纸上获得的粉末为g-C3N4粉末(CNPs),在过滤瓶中获得的悬浮液为g-C3N4量子点(CNDs)。上述粉末可继续置于烘箱中干燥过夜收集,上述悬浮液则可直接保存在-4℃冰箱中备用。
实施例3
将3mg十五醇和3g尿素混合,均匀研磨,形成混合前驱体。将混合前驱体以10℃/min的升温速率升温至550℃,保持3h。待反应体系自发冷却至室温,获得石墨相氮化碳混合粉末。将混合粉末加入到去离子水中,100W超声处理30min,并通过抽滤收集。在滤纸上获得的粉末为g-C3N4粉末(CNPs),在过滤瓶中获得的悬浮液为g-C3N4量子点(CNDs)。上述粉末可继续置于烘箱中干燥过夜收集,上述悬浮液则可直接保存在-4℃冰箱中备用。
应用例1
日落黄的降解试验,步骤如下:
将100mg实施例1制备的CNPs加入100mL日落黄溶液(10mg/L)中形成光催化悬浮液。在黑暗中磁力搅拌60min后,用300W的氙灯照射悬浮液。分别于0min、10min、20min、30min、40min照射时间收集3mL悬浮液。用紫外-可见分光光度计测定波长在470nm处的日落黄浓度。对照组为对比例1制备的纯氮化碳。
试验结果如表1所示:
表1
由表1可知,与纯氮化碳相比,CNPs对食品添加剂日落黄具有较优异的光催化降解性能。
应用例2
日落黄的荧光检测试验,步骤如下:
将2mg实施例1制备的CNDs与2mL蒸馏水混合,制备CNDs悬浮液。然后,将悬浮液转移到1cm石英反应杯中。由图5已知,在光照下,CNDs可发射蓝色荧光。用日立7000荧光光谱仪于0min、10min、20min、30min、40min、50min和60min测量其发光光谱,检测CNDs的光稳定性。图6表明连续测试一个小时,CNDs的荧光强度没有发生太大的变化,表明体系的荧光发射的稳定性。
然后分别向CNDs悬浮液中加入1.5mL的不同浓度的日落黄溶液,浓度为0μmol/L、5μmol/L、10μmol/L、20μmol/L、50μmol/L、80μmol/L。在添加后,测量其发射光谱。
计算公式:
日落黄的淬灭效率=(F0-F)/F0;
其中,F0为不加日落黄时CNDs悬浮液的荧光发射强度,F为加入一定浓度日落黄的CNDs悬浮液的荧光发射强度。
试验结果如表2所示:
表2
日落黄浓度(μmol/L) | 0 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 50 | 80 |
(F<sub>0</sub>-F)/F<sub>0</sub> | 0 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.61 | 0.79 |
上述表2中,(F0-F)/F0数值越接近0,说明日落黄对材料的荧光发射性能淬灭就越不明显。根据表2所展现的试验数据可知,不同浓度的日落黄均可较好地猝灭CNDs的荧光发射,说明CNDs检测性能优异。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种氮化碳材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
将高碳数脂肪醇和尿素混合,均匀研磨,形成混合前驱体;将混合前驱体以1~10℃/min的升温速率升温到550℃,保温1~5h。待反应体系自发冷却至室温,获得石墨相氮化碳混合粉末;将混合粉末加入到去离子水中,进行超声处理,然后置于布氏漏斗中,真空抽滤收集;在滤纸上获得的粉末为g-C3N4粉末,在过滤瓶中获得的悬浮液为g-C3N4量子点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述高碳数脂肪醇选自十四醇、十五醇或十六醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述高碳数脂肪醇与尿素的质量比选自0.5~5:1000~5000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述超声处理条件为:50~100W,30~60min。
5.一种氮化碳材料,其特征在于,是权利要求1~4任一项所述方法制备的g-C3N4粉末。
6.一种氮化碳材料,其特征在于,是权利要求1~4任一项所述方法制备的g-C3N4量子点。
7.权利要求5所述氮化碳材料在食品添加剂光催化降解和脱毒中的应用。
8.权利要求6所述氮化碳材料在食品添加剂荧光检测中的应用。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述食品添加剂选自食品色素。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述食品色素选自日落黄。
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