CN115474547A - Method for improving hybridization rate of millet - Google Patents
Method for improving hybridization rate of millet Download PDFInfo
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- CN115474547A CN115474547A CN202211353000.0A CN202211353000A CN115474547A CN 115474547 A CN115474547 A CN 115474547A CN 202211353000 A CN202211353000 A CN 202211353000A CN 115474547 A CN115474547 A CN 115474547A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving millet hybridization rate, belonging to the technical field of millet hybridization and comprising the following steps: knowing the heading date and the flowering period of the male parent and the female parent, determining that the flowering periods of the male parent and the female parent are consistent, and if the flowering periods are inconsistent, adjusting the flowering period according to staggered sowing; pruning the female parent ear in the flowering period; wrapping the pruned female parent ear with wet newspaper or filter paper, wrapping with a preservative film, and sun-drying for 2-3 days; the method comprises the steps of determining whether the flowering time of the parent and the parent is consistent, pruning the female parent ear in flowering, wrapping the female parent ear in wet newspaper and a preservative film, drying the female parent ear for 2-3 days, killing male the female parent ear, binding the female parent ear and the male parent after male killing, sleeving a bag, manually knocking the bag, and assisting pollination, so that the hybridization rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of millet hybridization, and particularly relates to a method for improving millet hybridization rate.
Background
The varieties of the millet are rich, and a new variety of the millet is bred through the cross breeding among varieties with large ecological difference, but the millet is a self-pollinated crop, the natural outcrossing rate is about 3 percent, the flower receptacle of the millet is small, the flowering time is generally in the morning to the afternoon, and the flowering is most in the later night, so the artificial cross breeding is difficult.
Patent application No. 201210295342.1 discloses a method for male killing japonica rice by warm soup, which comprises digging out female parent to be hybridized in the afternoon of the day before flowering, cutting off over-aged and over-tender tillers, removing opened glumes and over-tender glumes at the base, and selecting glumes which bloom in 2-3 days to directly cut glumes by 1/2; in the morning of pollination, preparing a pot of warm water at 45 ℃, immersing the cut rice ears in the warm water at 45 ℃ for 3-5 minutes and taking out after the rice ears are immersed in the warm water at 45 ℃ about 2 hours before the female parent normally blooms, and gradually extending anthers to slightly flick the extended anthers to expose stigmas outside; sheathing the female parent after emasculation with a kraft paper bag, moving to the vicinity of the male parent, and pollinating the male parent when full bloom; the female parent after pollination is planted together in a concentrated way, and the hybrid is cut and harvested when the hybrid is mature. However, the temperature and time of the method are not convenient to control, the stamens are not killed when the stamens are bloomed, the stamens are easy to damage when the temperature is high, and the operation is inconvenient, so that the method is simple, practical, easy to operate, high in hybridization rate and low in investment.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving the hybridization rate of millet, which comprises the steps of determining the consistent flowering time of male and female parents, trimming female parent ears in the flowering period, wrapping the female parent ears with wet newspaper and a preservative film, drying for 2-3 days, completing emasculation of the female parent ears, binding the female parent ears and the male parent after the emasculation, sleeving a bag, manually knocking the bag, and carrying out auxiliary pollination, so that the hybridization rate is improved.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for improving millet hybridization rate comprises the following steps: knowing the heading date and the flowering period of the male parent and the female parent, determining whether the flowering periods of the male parent and the female parent are consistent, and if not, adjusting the flowering period according to staggered sowing; pruning the female parent ear in the flowering period; wrapping the trimmed female parent ear with wet newspaper or filter paper, wrapping with preservative film, sun drying for 2-3 days, and performing male killing by illumination; binding the female parent ear after emasculation with the adjacent blooming male parent, sleeving a bag, and knocking for auxiliary pollination.
In addition, the method for improving the hybridization rate of the millet provided by the invention in the technical scheme can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in the technical scheme, the parents are planted adjacently, wherein the parents are in a male parent row 1 and a female parent row 1, or the parents are in a male parent row 2 and the female parent row 2.
In the technical scheme, the distance between adjacent parents is 60cm.
In the technical scheme, the bloomed ear 3-5cm below the top of the female parent ear is selected for pruning; among them, in the case of the variety with bristles, the bristles need to be cut off.
In the technical scheme, when the female parent ear is trimmed, the next day is a sunny day, and the illumination intensity is strong, so that the male parent ear can be killed by illumination.
In the technical scheme, when the castration female parent ear and the adjacent flowering male parent are bound together, the male parent selects a plurality of male parent ears to bind together and wrap the female parent ear.
In the technical scheme, when the pollination is assisted by manual knocking, the bag after hybridization combination is lightly knocked by using a long bamboo pole.
In the technical scheme, a non-anti-na-kanjing variety is used as a female parent and an anti-na-kanjing variety is used as a male parent for hybridization, so that the hybridization rate can be conveniently identified in the later period.
Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the hybridization rate of the millet has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of determining that the flowering time of male parents and female parents is consistent by knowing the heading time and the flowering time of the male parents and the female parents needing to be combined and hybridized, trimming the female parent ears in the flowering time, cutting off the flowering parts, wrapping the trimmed female parent ears with wet newspaper, wrapping the female parent ears with a preservative film, completing emasculation of the female parent ears by observing the emasculation of anthers of stamens on a sunny day with the air temperature of about 30 ℃ without pollen scattering and with the exposure of pistil stigma after the anthers of the stamens are dried for 2-3 days, hybridizing at the moment, opening the emasculated female parent ears, binding the female parent ears with the adjacent flowering male parents, sleeving the female parent ears with bags, and manually knocking the bags to assist pollination, thereby improving the hybridization rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for increasing hybridization rate of millet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for increasing hybridization rate of millet according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of a method for increasing hybridization rate of millet according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and figures 1-3, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
A method for improving hybridization rate of millet comprises the following steps: knowing the heading date and the flowering period of the male parent and the female parent, determining whether the flowering period time of the male parent and the female parent is consistent, and if the flowering period time of the male parent and the female parent is inconsistent, adjusting the flowering period according to staggered sowing; pruning the female parent ear in the flowering phase; wrapping the trimmed female parent ear with wet newspaper or filter paper, wrapping with preservative film, sun drying for 2-3 days, and performing male killing by illumination; binding the female parent ear after emasculation with the adjacent blooming male parent, sleeving a bag, and knocking for auxiliary pollination.
The flowering time of the male parent and the female parent is determined to be consistent by knowing the heading time and the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent, and if the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent is inconsistent, the flowering time is adjusted according to staggered sowing, so that the male parent and the female parent can flower at the same time, and the male parent and the female parent can be conveniently hybridized subsequently; thirdly, pruning the ear of the female parent in the flowering period to realize that the ear of the female parent begins to bloom in the flowering period of the female parent, generally 5-6 days after the ear is extracted, starts to bloom in the second day from 3/4 of the ear extension to the full ear extraction, and generally prunes the ear to be hybridized of the female parent in the morning; thirdly, wrapping the trimmed female parent ear with wet newspaper or filter paper, wrapping the female parent ear with a preservative film, drying in the sun for 2-3 days, and performing light emasculation on the paper, so as to prepare the filter paper or the newspaper, trimming the paper into a size capable of wrapping the female parent ear, spraying moisture with a spray can, wrapping the trimmed female parent ear with the wet newspaper, wrapping the whole female parent ear wrapped by the newspaper with the preservative film, tying and fixing the paper with a string up and down, drying in the sun for 2-3 days, observing that the anther of the stamen is shrunken and thin, no pollen falls off, and completing emasculation when the stamen stigma is exposed; thirdly, the female parent ear subjected to emasculation is bound with the adjacent flowering male parent, the female parent ear is sleeved with the bag, and knocking auxiliary pollination is performed, so that the female parent ear subjected to emasculation is opened, the female parent ear is bound with the adjacent flowering female parent and fixed with the string, the parchment paper bag is sleeved, and artificial knocking auxiliary pollination is performed, and therefore the pollination efficiency is improved. By adopting the method, the heading period and the flowering period of the male parent and the female parent which need to be combined and hybridized are known, the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent are determined to be consistent, the female parent ear in the flowering period is trimmed, the flowering part is cut off, the trimmed female parent ear is wrapped by wet newspaper, the female parent ear is wrapped by a preservative film, the female parent ear is shone for 2-3 days in a sunny day with the temperature of about 30 ℃, stamen anther emasculation is observed to be thin and thin without pollen scattering, and when the head of a female stigma is exposed, stamen killing of the female parent ear is completed, hybridization is performed at the moment, the hybridization rate is high, the female parent ear after stamen killing is opened, and is bound with the adjacent flowering male parent, and is sleeved with a bag, and pollination is assisted by manually knocking the bag, so that the hybridization rate is improved.
Specifically, the female parent ears are wrapped by the preservative film, and the high-temperature condition is produced by combining sunlight irradiation, so that the stamen pollen sac is dry and flat, pollen is not scattered, and the stamen stigmas are exposed, and the hybridization pollination rate is greatly improved at the moment, and is improved by more than 30 percent compared with the original contact pollination method; the method can be seen by naked eyes that the anther of the stamen is shrunken to be brown and dead, and the pistil stigma is exposed, so that the manual operation is convenient, and the method is safe and reliable.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2-3, parents are planted adjacently, paternal 1 row, maternal 1 row, or paternal 2 row, maternal 2 row.
By planting the male parent and the female parent adjacently, the male parent and the female parent are bound together and bagged when the male parent and the female parent are hybridized conveniently in the follow-up process.
In an embodiment of the invention, the distance between adjacent parents is 60cm.
The distance between adjacent planting of parents is 60cm, so that the subsequent bagging hybridization is facilitated.
In the embodiment of the invention, the flowering ear 3-5cm below the top of the female parent ear is selected for pruning; among them, in the case of the variety having bristles, the bristles need to be cut.
The ear which blooms 3-5cm below the top of the ear of the female parent is selected for pruning, so that the ear which blooms at the top can be pruned when the ear of the female parent is pruned in the flowering period, and the ear which blooms in the middle can be pruned at the latest when the small ear at the bottom of the ear of the female parent blooms, so that the ear of the female parent is pruned loose, and the follow-up pollination is facilitated; thirdly, for species with bristles, the bristles need to be cut off for subsequent reception of pollen from the male parent.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the female parent ear is trimmed, the next day is a sunny day, and the illumination intensity is strong, so that the male parent ear can be killed by illumination.
When the female parent ears are trimmed, the next day is a clear day, the illumination intensity is strong, and the male parent ears can be conveniently subjected to illumination male killing, so that the male killing effect is improved, and the stamen pollen sacs are shriveled and yellow.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the castrated female parent ear and the adjacent flowering male parent are bound together, the male parent selects a plurality of male parent ears to be bound together and wrap the female parent ear.
When the castration female parent ear and the adjacent flowering male parent are bound together, the male parent selects a plurality of male parent ears to bind together and wrap the female parent ear, so that the pollination probability is increased.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the artificial knocking auxiliary pollination is carried out, a long bamboo pole is used for lightly knocking the bag after hybridization combination.
When supplementary pollination is knocked through the manual work, use long bamboo pole, knock the sack after the hybridization combination gently to realize accelerating the pollination, and improve the pollination probability.
Specifically, in northeast spring ploughing, the flowering phase of the millet is generally about 4 points in the morning, so that the artificial knocking auxiliary pollination is performed at about 7 points in the morning to improve the pollination rate, and in the flowering phase, the knocking auxiliary pollination can be performed every morning until the flowering phase passes, the bag is removed in time, the female parent and the male parent are prevented from mildewing, and the female parent is kept illuminated until fructification.
In the embodiment of the invention, the non-Na-resistant pure variety is used as a female parent and the Na-resistant pure variety is used as a male parent for hybridization, so that the hybridization rate can be identified in the later period.
The method has the advantages that the non-anti-na-kanjing variety is used as the female parent and the anti-na-kanjing variety is used as the male parent for hybridization, so that the hybridization rate can be identified in the later period, and the effect that the hybridization rate of the male parent and the female parent can be identified by spraying the na-kanjing herbicide on the F1 generation obtained by hybridization after the non-anti-na-kanjing variety is used as the female parent and the anti-na-kanjing variety is used as the male parent for hybridization is achieved.
The implementation process comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that the heading period and the flowering period of male parents and female parents needing to be combined and hybridized are known, the time of the flowering period of the male parents and the female parents is determined to be consistent, staggered sowing is needed if the time of the flowering period is inconsistent, the female parent ears in the flowering period are trimmed, the trimmed female parent ears are cut off, the female parent ears are wrapped by wet newspaper, the female parent ears are wrapped by a preservative film, and in a sunny day with the temperature of about 30 ℃, after the female parent ears are dried for 2-3 days, the male parent ears are observed to be thin and flat by observing the anther of the stamen anther, no pollen is scattered, and when the pistil stigma is exposed, the stamen ears are killed, hybridization is carried out at the moment, the hybridization rate is high, the female parent ears after being killed are opened, and are bound with the adjacent flowering male parents, and are sleeved with bags, and pollination is assisted by manually knocking the bags, so that the hybridization rate is improved.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving millet hybridization rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
knowing the heading date and the flowering period of the male parent and the female parent, determining whether the flowering period time of the male parent and the female parent is consistent, and if the flowering period time of the male parent and the female parent is inconsistent, adjusting the flowering period according to staggered sowing;
pruning the female parent ear in the flowering period;
wrapping the trimmed female parent ear with wet newspaper or filter paper, wrapping with preservative film, sun drying for 2-3 days, and performing male killing by illumination;
binding the female parent ear after emasculation with the adjacent blooming male parent, sleeving a bag, and knocking for auxiliary pollination.
2. The method for increasing hybridization rate of millet as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the parents are planted adjacently, wherein the male parent is in 1 row, the female parent is in 1 row, or the male parent is in 2 rows, and the female parent is in 2 rows.
3. The method for increasing hybridization rate of millet as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the distance between the adjacent planting of the parent and the female parent is 60cm.
4. The method for increasing hybridization rate of millet as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
pruning the bloomed ear 3-5cm below the top of the female parent ear;
among them, in the case of the variety having bristles, the bristles need to be cut.
5. The method for increasing hybridization rate of millet as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
when the female parent ear is trimmed, the next day is a sunny day, and the illumination intensity is strong so as to perform illumination emasculation.
6. The method for increasing hybridization rate of millet according to claim 1, wherein:
when the castration female parent ear and the adjacent flowering male parent are bound together, several male parent ears are selected as the male parent to be bound together and wrap the female parent ear.
7. The method for increasing hybridization rate of millet according to claim 1, wherein:
when artificial knocking is used for auxiliary pollination, the bag after hybridization combination is lightly knocked by using a long bamboo pole.
8. The method for increasing hybridization rate of millet according to claim 1, wherein:
and hybridizing the non-anti-Na-Jingjing variety serving as a female parent and the anti-Na-Jingjing variety serving as a male parent so as to identify the hybridization rate at the later stage.
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| CN202211353000.0A CN115474547A (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Method for improving hybridization rate of millet |
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| CN202211353000.0A CN115474547A (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Method for improving hybridization rate of millet |
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Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS645435A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-10 | Yasushi Yamada | High-temperature emasculation hybridization |
| JP2001136854A (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2001-05-22 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Method for artificial mating of rice using hot water emasculation method |
| CN102742500A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2012-10-24 | 张家口市农业科学院 | Artificial hybridization method for millet |
| CN103270936A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-09-04 | 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Simplified millet hybrid method by using solar energy for emasculation |
| CN106386467A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏（武进）水稻研究所 | Efficient stamen killing method for japonica rice |
| CN206547540U (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-10-13 | 山西农业大学 | millet emasculation device |
| CN208940621U (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-06-07 | 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of millet gametocide bag upright bar |
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2022
- 2022-11-01 CN CN202211353000.0A patent/CN115474547A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS645435A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-10 | Yasushi Yamada | High-temperature emasculation hybridization |
| JP2001136854A (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2001-05-22 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Method for artificial mating of rice using hot water emasculation method |
| CN102742500A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2012-10-24 | 张家口市农业科学院 | Artificial hybridization method for millet |
| CN103270936A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-09-04 | 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Simplified millet hybrid method by using solar energy for emasculation |
| CN106386467A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏（武进）水稻研究所 | Efficient stamen killing method for japonica rice |
| CN206547540U (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-10-13 | 山西农业大学 | millet emasculation device |
| CN208940621U (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-06-07 | 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of millet gametocide bag upright bar |
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