CN115462285B - Pressing device and preparation method for preparation of plant-growing foam building blocks - Google Patents
Pressing device and preparation method for preparation of plant-growing foam building blocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN115462285B CN115462285B CN202211150171.3A CN202211150171A CN115462285B CN 115462285 B CN115462285 B CN 115462285B CN 202211150171 A CN202211150171 A CN 202211150171A CN 115462285 B CN115462285 B CN 115462285B
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- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 11
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 7
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- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/48—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure containing foam or presenting a foam structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/60—Apparatus for preparing growth substrates or culture media
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08J2361/22—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- C08J2361/24—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds with urea or thiourea
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2497/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
- C08J2497/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pressing device for preparing plant-growing foam blocks, which is characterized by comprising a lower pressing roller and an upper pressing roller, wherein the lower pressing roller and the upper pressing roller are arranged in a horizontal mode at opposite intervals, two ends of the lower pressing roller are rotatably arranged on a lower pressing roller bracket, two ends of the upper pressing roller are rotatably arranged on an upper pressing roller bracket, one end of the upper pressing roller is in transmission connection with a power motor to form a power roller, and a plurality of prickers are further arranged on the outer surface of the upper pressing roller. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the vegetation foam block, after the soft foam material is foamed and formed, the vegetation foam block is pressed by adopting the pressing device; then the seed is put into and buried by adopting a spray seeding device; cutting into rectangular blocks to obtain the plant-growing foam building blocks. The invention can conveniently and rapidly form the implantation hole to finish the pressing and preparation of the plant-growing foam block, and has the advantages of simple structure and convenient and rapid adjustment.
Description
The application is a divisional application of patent application number 202111146453.1 and application days 2021-9-28, namely a turf cultivation method suitable for rock slope greening.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of turf cultivation and greening, in particular to a pressing device for preparing a plant-growing foam block.
Background
Slope greening is an emerging ecological slope protection mode capable of effectively protecting bare slope, and can effectively realize ecological vegetation recovery of the slope by combining the slope greening mode with traditional engineering slope protection. In some road engineering constructions, fixed construction engineering constructions and other constructions, slope greening is required for bare slopes, especially rock slopes, left after earth excavation so as to recover and protect ecological vegetation.
Common rock slope greening process methods comprise a bag-piling greening method, a net-hanging direct-injection greening nutrition material greening method, a foreign soil planting belt greening method and the like. The method for directly spraying greening nutrient materials on the hanging net is also called a spray seeding method, i.e. the seed mixed matrix material is paved on the hanging net of the side slope in a spraying mode, and the method has the defects of high construction difficulty (such as cliff wall more than 70 degrees), low plant survival rate (high Wen Queshui in summer), long time for greening and the like. The method for greening by stacking bags is characterized in that grids are firstly erected on a side slope, then nutrient soil is mixed with seeds, and then the seeds are bagged and stacked in the grids of the side slope, and the method still has the defects of troublesome construction, poor slope stability and low plant survival rate. The greening construction method of the soil-alienated plant belt is characterized in that belts with certain width and thickness are manufactured manually, the belts are paved on the plant belt according to certain intervals, then the belts are fixed on a side slope by iron wires, and finally soil containing fertilizer is sprayed on the belts.
In addition, the turf refers to artificially cultivated green plants which can be connected to form a lawn, and the turf product can be connected with a layer of thin soil which is firmly fixed by root systems, so that the whole turf product is in a blanket-shaped structure which can be wrapped. The turf can be used for paving lawns and beautifying the environment, and is widely used for constructing stadiums, football stadiums, greenbelts of squares, park gardens, road slope greening and the like. The existing turf cultivation is realized by directly sowing and cultivating on nutrient substrate soil, and the cultivation steps are complex, difficult, high in cost and high in construction limit. Especially for the construction of rock slope greening engineering, ordinary turf is very easy to cause water and soil nutrition loss after laying, and the later-period cultivation effect is very poor, and the greening effect is difficult to last.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to provide a turf cultivation method which is simple to operate, good in turf cultivation effect, low in cost, durable in greening and convenient to construct and is suitable for rock slope greening, and is particularly suitable for being used and implemented in road slope greening engineering. The invention also provides a pressing device and a preparation method for preparing the plant-growing foam building block.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a turf cultivating method suitable for rock slope greening is characterized in that seeds are buried in a flexible foaming material, a material rich in nutrient components and water locking components is arranged in the flexible foaming material, seeds are directly cultivated by the flexible foaming material to sprout and grow out of the upper surface of the flexible foaming material, and turf suitable for rock slope greening is formed.
In this way, the nutritional ingredients and the water are arranged in the soft foaming material, then the seeds are put into the soft foaming material for cultivating and sprouting, and the turf suitable for greening the rock slope is formed on the soft foaming material. Therefore, the operation of cultivating the turf is simpler, the nutrition loss in the cultivating process of the turf can be better avoided, the cultivating effect of the turf is good, the durability of the turf after growing is good, and the soft foaming material is used as a cultivating base material to enable the turf to be more convenient to carry, so that the turf is more convenient to apply to engineering construction, in particular to rock slope greening engineering construction.
Further, an implantation hole is formed by punching the upper surface of the soft foaming material, and then seeds are buried in the soft foaming material in a spray-seeding mode. Thus, the seed is more convenient to embed and implant.
As optimization, the soft foaming material comprises a lower layer foaming material and an upper layer foaming material which are prepared into a whole in a superposition way, wherein the lower layer foaming material is prepared firstly when the soft foaming material is prepared, and then the upper layer foaming material is prepared by foaming on the basis of the lower layer foaming material.
Therefore, different formulas can be better adopted for the upper layer foaming material and the lower layer foaming material, and two layers of foaming materials with different pore sizes and different functional requirements can be obtained, so that the plant growth is more facilitated. Of course, alternatively, the lower layer foaming material and the upper layer foaming material may be prepared by foaming and then laminated together by thermal bonding or chemical adhesive bonding.
Further, the lower layer foaming material is urea resin foaming material, and the upper layer foaming material is hydrophilic polyurethane foaming material.
Therefore, the lower layer foaming material adopts urea resin foaming material, and the foaming material taking urea resin as a main material is easier to degrade and release fertility, and is more beneficial to plant rooting and growth downwards. The urea resin foaming material does not generate a compact surface layer on the surface, and is more beneficial to the combination of the upper foaming material and the urea resin foaming material after the surface is foamed. The polyurethane foaming material is relatively difficult to degrade, and the surface structure and strength of the building block can be better maintained before plants grow into a blanket shape so as to avoid water and soil loss; meanwhile, the hydrophilic polyurethane foaming material can better lock water and is beneficial to plant growth. In addition, the polyurethane foaming material can directly generate a layer of compact epidermis on the surface in the foaming process, thereby playing the role of a protective film. In addition, the urea resin foaming material of the lower layer can have certain brittleness, and can better ensure that foaming holes are crushed and communicated in certain weak position directions during a later pressing process, thereby being more beneficial to the diffusion of seeds in the foaming material of the lower layer during spray seeding, being more beneficial to the migration of moisture and nutrition in pores of the foaming material of the lower layer and being more beneficial to the growth of root systems of the seeds. The polyurethane foaming material on the upper layer is generally more flexible and elastic, is not easy to break, and can be better kept connected in the subsequent pressing process so as to ensure the integrity of the building block. Therefore, in the implementation, seed capsules for storing seeds can be formed in the lower-layer foaming material, and the characteristics of the lower-layer foaming material are better utilized for rooting and sprouting.
Further, when the lower layer foaming material is prepared, the formula comprises the following ingredients in parts by mass: 90-110 parts of urea formaldehyde resin as a main material, 1-6 parts of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) as a foaming agent, 1-6 parts of tween-80 as a surfactant, 1-4 parts of tartaric acid as a curing agent, 5-10 parts of a water retaining agent, 10-15 parts of sulfur-coated urea as a slow release fertilizer, 5-8 parts of an adsorbent and 10-15 parts of straw fiber.
In this way, in the lower layer foaming material, urea-formaldehyde resin is used as a main raw material for preparing urea-formaldehyde resin foam, the consumption of the urea-formaldehyde resin accounts for 65% -90% of the total foaming component, and about 100 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin is selected as a main material matrix, so that the foaming material has small and dense pores, and other ingredients containing nutrients can be better absorbed and maintained in urea-formaldehyde foam, and then are slowly released. The urea-formaldehyde foam has good late degradability, can be degraded by bacteria microorganisms, and then releases nitrogen, so that the urea-formaldehyde foam can play a role in providing long-term fertilizer effect. The foam plastic can avoid excessive evaporation of water during drought and avoid nutrient loss during heavy rain. 1-6 parts of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) is selected as a foaming agent, and the apparent density of the foaming agent is 0.065g/cm < 3 >, so that the foaming agent is favorable for forming smaller porosity in the lower layer. Meanwhile, toluene diisocyanate is an organic foaming agent, so that degradation and release of nutritional ingredients are facilitated in the later period, and the process is safer and harmless. 1-6 parts of tween-80 (namely polysorbate-80, also called polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) is selected as a surfactant, and the surfactant has fixed hydrophilic and lipophilic groups, is directionally arranged on the surface energy of the solution, and can be used for obviously reducing the surface tension. The foaming agent can emulsify incompatible components in a foaming system formula, promote nucleation in mixing, and achieve the purpose of stabilizing cells by reducing the stress of cell walls. 1-4 parts of tartaric acid is selected as a curing agent, and a certain curing agent is added in the curing process of urea-formaldehyde resin to enable the urea-formaldehyde resin to be rapidly crosslinked and cured in a short time, so that insoluble and infusible reticular macromolecular solid is formed. 5-10 parts of water-retaining agent is selected, so that the water-retaining effect of the lower-layer foaming material can be greatly improved, and the germination and rooting of seeds are facilitated. 10-15 parts of sulfur-coated urea is selected as a slow release fertilizer, and sulfur melt is coated on the surface of urea particles to form a layer of sulfur film, so that the slow release fertilizer has the characteristic of slowly releasing nutrients. The sulfur-coated urea can release fertilizer slowly, reduce the volatilization amount of urea to reach larger absorption proportion, and in the sulfur-coated urea, sulfur can also be absorbed by plants as a nutrient element, so that the environmental pressure is relieved from the source, and in addition, the release speed of the fertility can be changed by adjusting the thickness of resin, so that the growth rhythm of different plants can be better adapted. 5-8 parts of adsorbent can be used for capturing and adsorbing a small amount of low molecular mass substances such as isocyanate possibly remained in the sponge foaming material, preventing the dissipation of free small molecular substances possibly existing in the raw materials and realizing the non-toxic requirement of the matrix. 10-15 parts of straw fibers, which are scattered and distributed everywhere in the initial stage, can play a role in strengthening, increase the apparent density of the urea resin foam body at the lower layer, reduce the porosity, improve the integral strength of the material in the pressing process, prevent the foam pores from being excessively crushed and scattered during the pressing, can be used as a plant growth nutrition source after being rotted at the later stage, and simultaneously the cavity formed after the rotting can better supply root growth and rooting of plant roots. The specific preparation process of the lower layer foaming material can be prepared by adopting a conventional industrial urea resin foam material preparation mode, and specific process steps are not described in detail herein. In addition, the upper layer foaming material can also be prepared by a conventional polyurethane foaming material preparation mode, but the upper surface of the prepared lower layer foaming material is directly foamed and generated in the same die, and the specific preparation process is also the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
Further, the water-retaining agent is a novel agricultural water-retaining agent prepared by graft copolymerization of modified soybean straw and acrylic acid.
Thus, the modified soybean straw and acrylic acid are used for graft copolymerization to prepare the novel agricultural water-retaining agent, the super absorbent organic molecules with ionization group carboxyl structures are in a network structure formed by cross-linking polymerization among molecules, and the super absorbent organic molecules contain strong hydrophilic groups, and have strong association effect on water through osmotic pressure generated by the concentration of electrolyte ions at the inner side and the outer side of the molecules. The water is absorbed when the environmental water is more and released when the water is less, so that the water is absorbed and released repeatedly, only little irrigation or rainfall is needed, the water is not easily damaged by microorganisms in the environment, the three-dimensional structure can be kept for a long time, and water is supplied to plants for a long time, so that the water-absorbing agent has high water absorption and water-retaining property.
Further, the adsorbent may be an aluminosilicate adsorbent and/or activated carbon. Has the advantages of good adsorptivity, safety and no harm.
Further, when the upper layer foaming material is prepared, straw fiber with the mass ratio of 1-5% is added into the formula.
Therefore, the straw fiber can better improve the strength and the integrity of the upper layer foaming material, can be used as a plant growth nutrition source after being rotted in the later period, and the cavity formed after the rotting can better supply the plant to germinate and root. The other formulas of the upper layer foaming material can adopt the formulas of the conventional hydrophilic polyurethane foaming materials, the foaming process can also adopt the conventional technology, and only the foaming process is controlled to directly foam on the basis of the lower layer foaming material, and the foaming porosity is controlled to be larger than that of the lower layer foaming material. In the process of implementation, the thickness of the upper layer foaming material is preferably one third to one half of the thickness, so that the lower layer foaming material is thicker, and the function and the efficacy of the lower layer foaming material are better exerted.
Therefore, the soft foaming material with the double-layer foaming material structure prepared by the method has the characteristics of heavy bottom and light top, and the function of the lower-layer foaming material is more beneficial to seed germination and rooting. Straw fibers are added in the upper layer foaming material and the lower layer foaming material, the adding proportion of the lower layer foaming material is larger, the urea-formaldehyde resin can well wrap the straw fibers, the straw fibers can well penetrate between the urea-formaldehyde resin, a network with a certain degree is formed, and the network can well bear compression load. Meanwhile, the straw fiber can fully play the role of the reinforcement body, and the stronger the capability of preventing crack generation and expansion is, the higher the bending strength of the foam is correspondingly improved, and the reinforcement and toughening effects on the foam are realized. The whole fertilizer has the characteristics of convenient and quick manufacture, no toxicity, safety, good mechanical property, degradability, slow release of fertilizer, strong water retention and the like.
Further, after the soft foaming material is foamed and formed, the soft foaming material is pressed by a pressing device, and an implantation hole is formed by penetrating a needle on the pressing device from the upper surface protection film; and then spraying the prepared mixed slurry of the seed nutrient medium into the implantation hole from the upper surface of the soft foaming material by adopting a spray seeding device, so as to finish the implantation and embedding of the seeds.
Therefore, the pressing device is adopted for pressing, the generation of the implantation hole seam can be facilitated, and most of adjacent foaming holes in the flexible foaming material can be crushed and communicated by the pressure applied by the pressing device, so that part of seeds and nutrient matrixes can be conveniently diffused into more foaming holes after being sprayed into the implantation hole seam. So that the seed and more nutrient components can be well put into the container.
Further, the seed nutrient medium mixed slurry comprises 3-6 parts by mass of plant seeds, 1-3 parts by mass of polyacrylamide, 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol and 2-4 parts by mass of ferment bio-organic fertilizer, and is prepared by uniformly mixing and adding water. Wherein, the optimal mass ratio is 5:2:1:3.
in this way, the polyacrylamide with a larger proportion is added outside the plant seeds, so that the friction resistance of the slurry can be effectively reduced by the flocculated substances generated by the polyacrylamide, the slurry can smoothly enter the implantation gap during spray seeding, and the slurry can be diffused into adjacent foaming pores along the implantation gap as much as possible; meanwhile, the polyacrylamide has extremely strong hydrophilicity, thickening and flocculation effects, and can better bring moisture and nutrient components in the organic fertilizer into the formed floccules and lock the floccules, so that the early loss of the moisture and the organic fertilizer is avoided; and the later stage can be automatically degraded, and has no toxicity or pollution. The polyvinyl alcohol with a small proportion is added as the binder, and the binder is matched with the action of polyacrylamide, so that the fluidity of the prepared slurry is convenient, the spray seeding effect is improved, and meanwhile, the outer surface of an implantation hole seam after spray seeding can better achieve the sealing effect, the evaporation and loss of water are avoided, and the germination and the growth of seeds are not hindered; the flocculation effect of the polyacrylamide can be improved, so that water and nutrient substances are better locked, and the loss is avoided. In practice, polyvinyl alcohol PVA-224 is preferably used, which is advantageous in obtaining the above-mentioned effects. The ferment biological organic fertilizer with a large amount is added to provide the initial fertility of the seeds in the germination period, so that the germination and growth of the seeds are ensured. Meanwhile, the ferment bio-organic fertilizer is a bio-organic fertilizer obtained by ferment fermentation, so the ferment bio-organic fertilizer also contains a large amount of fermentation microorganism strains. After being sprayed into the foaming material, the foaming material can form a beneficial microorganism fermentation propagation place, can better assist the degradation and conversion of nutrient source substances (such as straw fiber materials and urea resin foaming materials) in the foaming material, continuously release the nutrition and fertility, and can be better absorbed and grown by plants. Wherein the spray seeding device and the spray seeding process are specifically mature existing products and the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.
Further, the pressing device comprises a lower pressing roller and an upper pressing roller, wherein the lower pressing roller and the upper pressing roller are oppositely and horizontally arranged at intervals, two ends of the lower pressing roller are rotatably arranged on a lower pressing roller support, two ends of the upper pressing roller are rotatably arranged on an upper pressing roller support, one end of the upper pressing roller is connected with a power motor in a transmission manner to form a power roller, and a plurality of prickers are further arranged on the outer surface of the upper pressing roller.
Therefore, when the soft foaming material to be pressed is placed between the lower pressing roller and the upper pressing roller, the upper pressing roller rotates to drive the soft foaming material to move forward, so that the soft foaming material passes through the space between the lower pressing roller and the upper pressing roller to be pressed, most of adjacent foaming holes in the soft foaming material are crushed and communicated, and when the soft foaming material is sprayed in a follow-up mode, part of seeds and nutrient matrixes can be spread into more foaming holes after being sprayed into implantation holes, and the soft foaming material is also more beneficial to the growth and germination of the follow-up seeds. Meanwhile, in the pressing process, the pricking pin on the outer surface of the upper pressing roller pierces into the upper surface of the soft foaming material, so that an implantation hole can be formed conveniently and rapidly. Of course, other designs, such as a platen-type pressing device, may also be used.
Further, a height adjusting mechanism is arranged on the lower press roller support and comprises a pair of lower sleeves and an upper sleeve which are mutually connected in a screwed mode, two ends of the lower press roller are rotatably supported on the upper sleeve, and the lower ends of the lower sleeves are rotatably arranged on the base.
Therefore, the height of the lower press roller is conveniently adjusted to adjust the interval distance between the lower press roller and the upper press roller, and then the pressure between the lower press roller and the upper press roller is adjusted, so that the pressing effect is better achieved. Meanwhile, the height adjusting mechanism has the advantages of simple structure and convenience and quickness in adjustment.
Further, a round ball which bulges outwards is arranged at the outer end of the puncture needle close to the needle point.
Thus, the seed sacs with larger space than other pore positions can be formed in the gaps, so that seeds and partial nutrient media in spray seeding can be stored in the seed sacs, more abundant space and nutrition can be provided for seed growth in the seed sacs, the seeds can sprout and grow out in advance conveniently, the protective film on the outer surface of the plant-growing foam block can be jacked and flushed away better by the destructive power generated by sprouting, and air can enter the plant-growing foam block better, so that the sprouting and growth of other seeds are facilitated.
Further, an electric heating wire for heating the ball part is arranged inside the puncture needle.
Therefore, the ball part of the puncture needle can be heated, and the generation of seed capsules inside the implantation hole seam is facilitated.
Further, the upper press roll diameter is greater than the lower press roll diameter.
In this way, the residence time of the needles in the soft foaming material after they penetrate the soft foaming material during normal pressing operation can be prolonged. Because the flexible foaming material has certain flexibility and elasticity, the foaming material can be separated from the upper press roller after being carried by a certain angle distance along with the upper press roller after passing through the space between the upper press roller and the lower press roller in the pressing process. So that during this time the bulb portion of the lancet can stay in the same position for a period of time to better shape the seed capsule at that position by heating.
Further, cutting the soft foaming material into rectangular blocks after the seeds are placed into the soft foaming material to obtain plant-growing foam blocks, transporting and paving the plant-growing foam blocks in a greening engineering construction area, and then cultivating the plant-growing foam blocks to enable the seeds to sprout in the greening area to form turf.
Therefore, the cutting device is cut into rectangular blocks, is more convenient to carry and lay, and is very convenient to use in engineering construction.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of simple operation, good turf cultivation effect, low cost, lasting greening and convenience in construction, and is particularly convenient to use and implement in road slope greening engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a slope greening plant system embodying the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the individual grids of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the separately planted foam block of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the pressing apparatus.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The specific embodiment is as follows: a turf cultivating method suitable for rock slope greening is characterized in that seeds are buried in a flexible foaming material, a material rich in nutrient components and water locking components is arranged in the flexible foaming material, seeds are directly cultivated by the flexible foaming material to germinate and grow out of the upper surface of the flexible foaming material, and turf suitable for rock slope greening is formed.
In this way, the nutritional ingredients and the water are arranged in the soft foaming material, then the seeds are put into the soft foaming material for cultivating and sprouting, and the turf suitable for greening the rock slope is formed on the soft foaming material. Therefore, the operation of cultivating the turf is simpler, the nutrition loss in the cultivating process of the turf can be better avoided, the cultivating effect of the turf is good, the durability of the turf after growing is good, and the soft foaming material is used as a cultivating base material to enable the turf to be more convenient to carry, so that the turf is more convenient to apply to engineering construction, in particular to rock slope greening engineering construction.
The invention is further described below in connection with a slope greening plant system constructed by the method.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a slope greening plant growing system comprises a grid frame 2 fixed on a rock slope surface 1, wherein a filling area for filling plant materials is formed inside each grid of the grid frame 2, and the system is characterized in that the plant materials filled in the filling area are soft foam materials, and plant seeds 3 are covered below the surface of the soft foam materials; after plant seeds are cultivated and germinated, turf is directly formed on the surface of the soft foaming material.
Therefore, the soft foaming material is used as the planting material to be filled in each grid of the grid frame, the characteristics of lighter weight and convenient construction are achieved, the pore characteristics of the foaming material are beneficial to water storage, the material formula is beneficial to adjustment to enable the foaming material to be rich in nutrition, so that the planting is achieved by conveniently covering the seeds below the surface of the foaming material, the survival rate of plants is improved, and the construction cost is reduced.
Wherein, grid frame 2 includes a plurality of vertical settings and the vertical connecting rod 4 that transversely interval was arranged, still includes a plurality of horizontal settings and along the horizontal connecting plate 5 that vertical interval was arranged, and horizontal connecting plate 5 and domatic crossing are 90 degrees or ascending acute angle setting.
Thus, the stability of the polyurethane foaming material filled in the filling area is more convenient to improve.
Wherein grooves 6 are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the transverse connecting plate 5.
Thus, after the plant grows, the plant root system of the plant can be communicated up and down through the grooves, and the stability of the whole slope green planting system is greatly improved.
Drip irrigation pipelines 7 positioned at the bottom of the filling area are also paved on the slope surface 1, and drip irrigation ports are formed in the drip irrigation pipelines 7 at intervals.
In this way, water can be better supplied to the plant growth.
The concrete-filled soft foaming material comprises a slope surface, and is characterized by further comprising an anchoring system, wherein the anchoring system comprises a plurality of anchoring grooves 8 distributed on the slope surface, an anchoring device 9 is fixed in the anchoring grooves 8 by adopting concrete cast-in-situ, the outer end of the anchoring device 9 penetrates out of the surface of the soft foaming material and is connected with a back-buckling member, and the back-buckling member is fixedly pressed on the outer surface of the soft foaming material.
In this way, the flexible foam material can be pulled and fastened in the filling area, improving the stability and reliability of the overall system. The back-fastening member may be a pressing plate fixed by means of a nut.
Wherein, the anchoring device 9 is an anchor rod or an anchor cable.
The device has the advantages of simple structure, mature product and convenient implementation.
In addition, when the system is constructed in a region which is subjected to water flow scouring such as a hydro-fluctuation belt and the like for a long time, a protective layer can be paved on the surface of the soft foaming material in the implementation process, and the protective layer is of a blanket-shaped structure made of water permeable materials.
Therefore, before green plants do not grow, the protection of the soft foaming material can be enhanced by the protection layer, so that the soft foaming material is prevented from being washed by water flow, and the greening planting system can be applied to areas (such as a hydro-fluctuation belt) which need to bear the water flow washing for a long time. In the concrete implementation, the protective layer can be made of cotton cloth, linen or water-permeable geotextile and other materials.
In this embodiment, the filling area is laid with a plant-growing foam block 11, the plant-growing foam block 11 is matched with the filling area in size, the plant-growing foam block is made of flexible foam material, and plant seeds are embedded in the plant-growing foam block.
Therefore, the plant-growing foam blocks are directly paved to the filling area during construction, and the convenience of site construction is greatly improved. In other embodiments, two layers of flexible foam may be provided, with seeds laid in place between the two layers of flexible foam.
Wherein the pore diameter of the foaming pores in the vegetation foam block 11 is larger than that of the lower part; the outer side surface of the plant-growing foam block is provided with a layer of protective film 12, a plurality of plant-growing slits 12 are arranged on the protective film 12, the plant-growing slits extend into the middle lower part of the plant-growing foam block and form seed bags 13, at least part of plant seeds 3 are positioned in the seed bags 13, and nutrition media are filled in the seed bags.
The pore diameter of the foaming pores is larger than that of the foaming pores, so that the plant-growing foam building block is heavy and light downwards, the plant-growing foam building block is favorable for being tightly attached to a slope surface, the fixing reliability is improved, and most of nutrient components in the foam brick are locked at a lower position, so that nutrient loss is avoided. And meanwhile, the larger upper aperture is more beneficial to the upward germination of seeds. The protective film on the outer side surface of the plant-growing foam block can be obtained by virtue of the surface formed on the surface in the foaming process, the protective film can play a role in protecting, the evaporation of internal moisture is effectively avoided, the loss of nutrient components is avoided, the growth of seeds is facilitated, and the protective layer is not required to be additionally arranged on the outer surface of the plant-growing foam block. The implantation seam arranged on the protective film is convenient for the seeds and the nutrient medium to be sprayed into the middle lower part of the plant-growing foam block in a spray irrigation mode. Therefore, the plant-growing foam building block with the structure has the advantages of being capable of improving paving and installing stability, good in water locking performance, high in reliability, high in seed germination rate and the like.
The plant-growing foam block is prepared by the following steps: firstly, preparing a flexible foaming material by adopting a foaming material formula, wherein the thickness of the flexible foaming material is consistent with the thickness of a filling area in a grid frame, and the upper surface of the flexible foaming material is provided with a layer of protective film with increased density; b, pressing the soft foaming material by a pressing device, and penetrating the soft foaming material from the upper surface protection film by virtue of a needle on the pressing device to form an implantation hole; c, spraying the prepared mixed slurry of the seed nutrient medium into the implantation hole gap from the upper surface of the soft foaming material by adopting a spray-seeding device; and d, cutting the soft foaming material into a size matched with the filling area inside the grid frame.
In this way, the dimension of the prepared plant-growing foam block is matched with the filling area so as to be convenient to install, and the protective film on the surface can play a role in protection; the device is used for pressing, so that the generation of the implantation hole can be facilitated, most of adjacent foaming holes in the flexible foaming material can be crushed and communicated by the pressure applied by the pressing device, and part of seeds and nutrient matrixes can be conveniently diffused into more foaming holes after being sprayed into the implantation hole. The prepared plant-growing foam block has the characteristic of high seed germination rate, and the method has the advantages of easiness in implementation, low cost, convenience in structure forming and the like.
In the step d, the flexible foaming material is cut into a size with the length and the width being 1-10cm larger than those of the filling area inside the grid frame.
Therefore, the installation can be realized by utilizing the elasticity of the soft foaming material, and the fixing reliability of the soft foaming material is more convenient to improve.
Wherein the seed nutrient medium mixed slurry comprises 3-6 parts by mass of plant seeds, 1-3 parts by mass of polyacrylamide, 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol and 2-4 parts by mass of ferment bio-organic fertilizer, and is prepared by uniformly mixing and adding water. Wherein, the optimal mass ratio is 5:2:1:3.
in this way, the polyacrylamide with a larger proportion is added outside the plant seeds, so that the friction resistance of the slurry can be effectively reduced by the flocculated substances generated by the polyacrylamide, the slurry can smoothly enter the implantation gap during spray seeding, and the slurry can be diffused into adjacent foaming pores along the implantation gap as much as possible; meanwhile, the polyacrylamide has extremely strong hydrophilicity, thickening and flocculation effects, and can better bring moisture and nutrient components in the organic fertilizer into the formed floccules and lock the floccules, so that the early loss of the moisture and the organic fertilizer is avoided; and the later stage can be automatically degraded, and has no toxicity or pollution. The polyvinyl alcohol with a small proportion is added as the binder, and the binder is matched with the action of polyacrylamide, so that the fluidity of the prepared slurry is convenient, the spray seeding effect is improved, and meanwhile, the outer surface of an implantation hole seam after spray seeding can better achieve the sealing effect, the evaporation and loss of water are avoided, and the germination and the growth of seeds are not hindered; the flocculation effect of the polyacrylamide can be improved, so that water and nutrient substances are better locked, and the loss is avoided. In practice, polyvinyl alcohol PVA-224 is preferably used, which is advantageous in obtaining the above-mentioned effects. The ferment biological organic fertilizer with a large amount is added to provide the initial fertility of the seeds in the germination period, so that the germination and growth of the seeds are ensured. Meanwhile, the ferment bio-organic fertilizer is a bio-organic fertilizer obtained by ferment fermentation, so the ferment bio-organic fertilizer also contains a large amount of fermentation microorganism strains. After being sprayed into the foaming material, the foaming material can form a beneficial microorganism fermentation propagation place, can better assist the degradation and conversion of nutrient source substances (such as straw fiber materials and urea resin foaming materials) in the foaming material, continuously release the nutrition and fertility, and can be better absorbed and grown by plants. Wherein the spray seeding device and the spray seeding process are specifically mature existing products and the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.
The pressing device, see fig. 4, comprises a lower pressing roller 21 and an upper pressing roller 22 which are opposite in vertical interval and horizontally arranged, wherein two ends of the lower pressing roller 21 are rotatably arranged on a lower pressing roller bracket 23, two ends of the upper pressing roller 22 are rotatably arranged on an upper pressing roller bracket 24, one end of the upper pressing roller 22 is in transmission connection with a power motor 25 to form a power roller, and a plurality of prickers 26 are further arranged on the outer surface of the upper pressing roller.
Therefore, when the soft foaming material to be pressed is placed between the lower pressing roller and the upper pressing roller, the upper pressing roller rotates to drive the soft foaming material to move forward, so that the soft foaming material passes through the space between the lower pressing roller and the upper pressing roller to be pressed, most of adjacent foaming holes in the soft foaming material are crushed and communicated, and when the soft foaming material is sprayed in a follow-up mode, part of seeds and nutrient matrixes can be spread into more foaming holes after being sprayed into implantation holes, and the soft foaming material is also more beneficial to the growth and germination of the follow-up seeds. Meanwhile, in the pressing process, the pricking pin on the outer surface of the upper pressing roller pierces into the upper surface of the soft foaming material, so that an implantation hole can be formed conveniently and rapidly. Of course, other designs, such as a platen-type pressing device, may also be used.
Wherein, the lower press roller support 23 is provided with a height adjusting mechanism, the height adjusting mechanism comprises a pair of lower sleeves 27 and an upper sleeve 28 which are mutually screwed, two ends of the lower press roller are rotatably supported on the upper sleeve 28, and the lower end of the lower sleeve 27 is rotatably arranged on a base 29.
Therefore, the height of the lower press roller is conveniently adjusted to adjust the interval distance between the lower press roller and the upper press roller, and then the pressure between the lower press roller and the upper press roller is adjusted, so that the pressing effect is better achieved. Meanwhile, the height adjusting mechanism has the advantages of simple structure and convenience and quickness in adjustment.
Wherein, the outer end of the puncture needle 26 is provided with a round ball 30 which bulges outwards near the needle tip.
Thus, the seed sacs with larger space than other pore positions can be formed in the gaps, so that seeds and partial nutrient media in spray seeding can be stored in the seed sacs, more abundant space and nutrition can be provided for seed growth in the seed sacs, the seeds can sprout and grow out in advance conveniently, the protective film on the outer surface of the plant-growing foam block can be jacked and flushed away better by the destructive power generated by sprouting, and air can enter the plant-growing foam block better, so that the sprouting and growth of other seeds are facilitated.
Wherein, the inside of the puncture needle is provided with an electric heating wire for heating the ball part.
Therefore, the ball part of the puncture needle can be heated, and the generation of seed capsules inside the implantation hole seam is facilitated.
Wherein the upper press roll 22 has a diameter greater than the lower press roll diameter.
In this way, the residence time of the needles in the soft foaming material after they penetrate the soft foaming material during normal pressing operation can be prolonged. Because the flexible foaming material has certain flexibility and elasticity, the foaming material can be separated from the upper press roller after being carried by a certain angle distance along with the upper press roller after passing through the space between the upper press roller and the lower press roller in the pressing process. So that during this time the bulb portion of the lancet can stay in the same position for a period of time to better shape the seed capsule at that position by heating.
In the step a, the soft foaming material comprises a lower foaming material and an upper foaming material which are prepared into a whole in a superposition way, wherein the lower foaming material is prepared firstly when the soft foaming material is prepared, and then the upper foaming material is prepared on the basis of the lower foaming material.
Therefore, different formulas can be better adopted for the upper layer foaming material and the lower layer foaming material, so that two layers of foaming materials with different pore sizes and different functional requirements can be obtained, and plant growth is facilitated. Of course, as another embodiment, the lower layer foaming material and the upper layer foaming material may be prepared by foaming each and then laminated and prepared as a whole by thermal bonding, chemical adhesive bonding, or the like.
Specifically, the lower layer foaming material is urea resin foaming material, and the upper layer foaming material is hydrophilic polyurethane foaming material.
Therefore, the lower layer foaming material adopts urea resin foaming material, and the foaming material taking urea resin as a main material is easier to degrade and release fertility, and is more beneficial to plant rooting and growth downwards. The urea resin foaming material does not generate a compact surface layer on the surface, and is more beneficial to the combination of the upper foaming material and the urea resin foaming material after the surface is foamed. The polyurethane foaming material is relatively difficult to degrade, and the surface structure and strength of the building block can be better maintained before plants grow into a blanket shape so as to avoid water and soil loss; meanwhile, the hydrophilic polyurethane foaming material can better lock water and is beneficial to plant growth. In addition, the polyurethane foaming material can directly generate a layer of compact epidermis on the surface in the foaming process, thereby playing the role of a protective film. In addition, the urea resin foaming material of the lower layer can have certain brittleness, and can better ensure that foaming holes are crushed and communicated in certain weak position directions during a later pressing process, thereby being more beneficial to the diffusion of seeds in the foaming material of the lower layer during spray seeding, being more beneficial to the migration of moisture and nutrition in pores of the foaming material of the lower layer and being more beneficial to the growth of root systems of the seeds. The polyurethane foaming material on the upper layer is generally more flexible and elastic, is not easy to break, and can be better kept connected in the subsequent pressing process so as to ensure the integrity of the building block. Therefore, in the implementation, the seed capsules are formed in the lower layer foaming material, and the characteristics of the lower layer foaming material are better utilized for rooting and sprouting.
More specifically, when the lower layer foaming material is prepared, the formula comprises the following ingredients in parts by mass: 90-110 parts of urea formaldehyde resin as a main material, 1-6 parts of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) as a foaming agent, 1-6 parts of tween-80 as a surfactant, 1-4 parts of tartaric acid as a curing agent, 5-10 parts of a water retaining agent, 10-15 parts of sulfur-coated urea as a slow release fertilizer, 5-8 parts of an adsorbent and 10-15 parts of straw fiber.
In this way, in the lower layer foaming material, urea-formaldehyde resin is used as a main raw material for preparing urea-formaldehyde resin foam, the consumption of the urea-formaldehyde resin accounts for 65% -90% of the total foaming component, and about 100 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin is selected as a main material matrix, so that the foaming material has small and dense pores, and other ingredients containing nutrients can be better absorbed and maintained in urea-formaldehyde foam, and then are slowly released. The urea-formaldehyde foam has good late degradability, can be degraded by bacteria microorganisms, and then releases nitrogen, so that the urea-formaldehyde foam can play a role in providing long-term fertilizer effect. The foam plastic can avoid excessive evaporation of water during drought and avoid nutrient loss during heavy rain. 1-6 parts of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) is selected as a foaming agent, and the apparent density of the foaming agent is 0.065g/cm < 3 >, so that the foaming agent is favorable for forming smaller porosity in the lower layer. Meanwhile, toluene diisocyanate is an organic foaming agent, so that degradation and release of nutritional ingredients are facilitated in the later period, and the process is safer and harmless. 1-6 parts of tween-80 (namely polysorbate-80, also called polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) is selected as a surfactant, and the surfactant has fixed hydrophilic and lipophilic groups, is directionally arranged on the surface energy of the solution, and can be used for obviously reducing the surface tension. The foaming agent can emulsify incompatible components in a foaming system formula, promote nucleation in mixing, and achieve the purpose of stabilizing cells by reducing the stress of cell walls. 1-4 parts of tartaric acid is selected as a curing agent, and a certain curing agent is added in the curing process of urea-formaldehyde resin to enable the urea-formaldehyde resin to be rapidly crosslinked and cured in a short time, so that insoluble and infusible reticular macromolecular solid is formed. 5-10 parts of water-retaining agent is selected, so that the water-retaining effect of the lower-layer foaming material can be greatly improved, and the germination and rooting of seeds are facilitated. 10-15 parts of sulfur-coated urea is selected as a slow release fertilizer, and sulfur melt is coated on the surface of urea particles to form a layer of sulfur film, so that the slow release fertilizer has the characteristic of slowly releasing nutrients. The sulfur-coated urea can release fertilizer slowly, reduce the volatilization amount of urea to reach larger absorption proportion, and in the sulfur-coated urea, sulfur can also be absorbed by plants as a nutrient element, so that the environmental pressure is relieved from the source, and in addition, the release speed of the fertility can be changed by adjusting the thickness of resin, so that the growth rhythm of different plants can be better adapted. 5-8 parts of adsorbent can be used for capturing and adsorbing a small amount of low molecular mass substances such as isocyanate possibly remained in the sponge foaming material, preventing the dissipation of free small molecular substances possibly existing in the raw materials and realizing the non-toxic requirement of the matrix. 10-15 parts of straw fibers, which are scattered and distributed everywhere in the initial stage, can play a role in strengthening, increase the apparent density of the urea resin foam body at the lower layer, reduce the porosity, improve the integral strength of the material in the pressing process, prevent the foam pores from being excessively crushed and scattered during the pressing, can be used as a plant growth nutrition source after being rotted at the later stage, and simultaneously the cavity formed after the rotting can better supply root growth and rooting of plant roots. The specific preparation process of the lower layer foaming material can be prepared by adopting a conventional industrial urea resin foam material preparation mode, and specific process steps are not described in detail herein. In addition, the upper layer foaming material can also be prepared by a conventional polyurethane foaming material preparation mode, but the upper surface of the prepared lower layer foaming material is directly foamed and generated in the same die, and the specific preparation process is also the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
In the implementation, the water-retaining agent is a novel agricultural water-retaining agent prepared by graft copolymerization of modified soybean straw and acrylic acid.
Thus, the modified soybean straw and acrylic acid are used for graft copolymerization to prepare the novel agricultural water-retaining agent, the super absorbent organic molecules with ionization group carboxyl structures are in a network structure formed by cross-linking polymerization among molecules, and the super absorbent organic molecules contain strong hydrophilic groups, and have strong association effect on water through osmotic pressure generated by the concentration of electrolyte ions at the inner side and the outer side of the molecules. The water is absorbed when the environmental water is more and released when the water is less, so that the water is absorbed and released repeatedly, only little irrigation or rainfall is needed, the water is not easily damaged by microorganisms in the environment, the three-dimensional structure can be kept for a long time, and water is supplied to plants for a long time, so that the water-absorbing agent has high water absorption and water-retaining property.
In practice, the adsorbent may be an aluminosilicate adsorbent and/or activated carbon. Has the advantages of good adsorptivity, safety and no harm.
When the upper layer foaming material is prepared, straw fiber with the mass ratio of 1-5% is added into the formula.
Therefore, the straw fiber can better improve the strength and the integrity of the upper layer foaming material, can be used as a plant growth nutrition source after being rotted in the later period, and the cavity formed after the rotting can better supply the plant to germinate and root. The other formulas of the upper layer foaming material can adopt the formulas of the conventional hydrophilic polyurethane foaming materials, the foaming process can also adopt the conventional technology, and only the foaming process is controlled to directly foam on the basis of the lower layer foaming material, and the foaming porosity is controlled to be larger than that of the lower layer foaming material. In the process of implementation, the thickness of the upper layer foaming material is preferably one third to one half of the thickness, so that the lower layer foaming material is thicker, and the function and the efficacy of the lower layer foaming material are better exerted.
Therefore, the soft foaming material with the double-layer foaming material structure prepared by the method has the characteristics of heavy bottom and light top, and the function of the lower-layer foaming material is more beneficial to seed germination and rooting. Straw fibers are added in the upper layer foaming material and the lower layer foaming material, the adding proportion of the lower layer foaming material is larger, the urea-formaldehyde resin can well wrap the straw fibers, the straw fibers can well penetrate between the urea-formaldehyde resin, a network with a certain degree is formed, and the network can well bear compression load. Meanwhile, the straw fiber can fully play the role of the reinforcement body, and the stronger the capability of preventing crack generation and expansion is, the higher the bending strength of the foam is correspondingly improved, and the reinforcement and toughening effects on the foam are realized. The whole fertilizer has the characteristics of convenient and quick manufacture, no toxicity, safety, good mechanical property, degradability, slow release of fertilizer, strong water retention and the like.
Claims (2)
1. The pressing device for preparing the plant-growing foam building blocks is characterized by comprising a lower pressing roller and an upper pressing roller which are opposite in vertical interval and horizontally arranged, wherein two ends of the lower pressing roller are rotatably arranged on a lower pressing roller bracket, two ends of the upper pressing roller are rotatably arranged on an upper pressing roller bracket, one end of the upper pressing roller is in transmission connection with a power motor to form a power roller, and a plurality of prickers are further arranged on the outer surface of the upper pressing roller;
the lower press roll bracket is provided with a height adjusting mechanism, the height adjusting mechanism comprises a pair of lower sleeves and an upper sleeve which are mutually connected in a screwed mode, two ends of the lower press roll are rotatably supported on the upper sleeve, and the lower end of the lower sleeve is rotatably arranged on the base;
the outer end of the puncture needle is provided with a round ball which bulges outwards at a position close to the needle point;
the inside of the puncture needle is provided with an electric heating wire for heating the ball part;
the diameter of the upper press roll is larger than that of the lower press roll.
2. A method for preparing a vegetation foam block, which is characterized in that after a soft foaming material is foamed and formed, the vegetation foam block is pressed by the pressing device according to claim 1, and an implantation hole is formed by penetrating a needle on the pressing device from an upper surface protection film; spraying the prepared mixed slurry of the seed nutrient medium into the implantation hole from the upper surface of the soft foaming material by adopting a spray seeding device, so as to finish the implantation of seeds;
cutting the soft foaming material after the seeds are placed into rectangular blocks to obtain the plant-growing foam building blocks.
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| CN115362880B (en) | 2024-03-01 |
| CN113812309B (en) | 2022-11-01 |
| CN115462285A (en) | 2022-12-13 |
| CN115362880A (en) | 2022-11-22 |
| CN113812309A (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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