CN115362908A - Green roof substrate for controlling rainfall flood and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Green roof substrate for controlling rainfall flood and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a green roof substrate for controlling rain flood, which comprises 3-4 by volume: 6 to 8:4 to 5: 4-6 of compost, shale ceramisite, vermiculite and perlite, wherein the compost comprises 10-11: 4 to 5: 1-2 parts of peat, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and pine bark. The matrix has light weight, low requirement on building load, excellent rainfall flood management benefit, and can effectively reduce runoff discharge and reduce rainfall flood peaks. The support for various ornamental plants is good, the landscape effect is good, extensive management is resisted, and the maintenance cost is low. The invention does not need water-retaining agent or other soil modifier, reduces cost by the natural characteristics of raw materials, and has the advantages of easily obtained materials, simple and convenient construction and easy production and preparation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of roof greening, and particularly relates to a green roof substrate for controlling rainfall flood and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The green roof is an engineering facility and is an important low-influence development facility for promoting sponge cities in China. The water-saving drainage system is generally composed of plants, a substrate, a filtering layer, a drainage layer, a heat-insulating layer and a roof structure layer from top to bottom, and can be used for building tops of any structures meeting load and drainage requirements. It not only helps staying the rainwater, reduces urban drainage system's pressure, still is favorable to increasing the afforestation rate in the high density city that the land use is short of, optimizes the urban landscape. The substrate is one of the most important components of the green roof, the substrate often determines the plants which the green roof can be applied to, the rainwater retaining efficiency of the plants, and the load of the plants also determines the application range of the green roof. So far, the substrate proportioning method of domestic green roofs is limited. In order to ensure the survival rate of plants, the proportion of compost materials is usually the most, and the light materials are less used, for example, in CN103787731B, the greening matrix is composed of a core matrix and an auxiliary matrix, wherein the core matrix is composed of the weight ratio of
The auxiliary matrix consists of vermiculite and perlite, wherein the weight ratio of the total weight of the core matrix to the vermiculite to the perlite is
In CN105724208B, the matrix is prepared from 15-20 parts of organic material mixture, 3-5 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of coal cinder and 15-20 parts of broken brick by volume.
Compost materials account for the most, and light materials use less proportioning substrates and have the characteristics of high organic matter content, high fertilizer efficiency and high water retention, but simultaneously cause roof drainage to be polluted by organic matters, and increase the cost of subsequently utilizing collected rainwater. The light material is less in use, the roof load is increased, and the practical application is limited. And international research shows that higher compost proportion and organic matter content are not beneficial to the toughness of green roof plants, so that the green roof lacks resistance to sudden extreme climatic events.
In addition, although the proportioning matrix provides better plant support, the experimental verification proves that the adapted plant species mainly comprises sedum plants, the actual landscape effect is single, and the vegetation biodiversity is low.
Retaining rainwater and reducing flood peak are one of the most important ecological functions of green roofs, and the actual efficiency of the proportioning substrate in the aspect of retaining rainwater cannot be given in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that a light green roof substrate and a manufacturing method thereof are provided, the light green roof substrate has excellent rainfall flood storage effect, can provide good support for the growth of ornamental plant populations with rich varieties, can maintain the higher ground coverage of perennial grass flower plant communities even under the hot and non-irrigation maintenance condition, has a growth promoting effect, is light and is easy to prepare.
The invention provides a green roof substrate for controlling rain flood, which comprises 3-4 percent by volume: 6 to 8:4 to 5: 4-6 of compost, shale ceramisite, vermiculite and perlite, wherein the compost comprises the following components by volume: 4 to 5: 1-2 parts of peat, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and pine bark.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the compost, the shale ceramisite, the vermiculite and the perlite is 4:6:5:5.
preferably, the volume ratio of the peat to the fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer to the pine bark is 10:5:1.
wherein the particle size of the shale ceramsite is preferably 3-8 mm, the particle size of the vermiculite is preferably 1-3 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is preferably 3-6mm.
Wherein the particle size of the pine bark is preferably 3-6mm.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the green roof substrate for controlling rain flood, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), preparing compost, and fully mixing peat, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and pine bark according to a proportion;
and 2) fully mixing the compost, the shale ceramisite, the vermiculite and the perlite according to a proportion to prepare the matrix.
The invention also provides a roof greening method, which is characterized in that the substrate is transported to a preset roof greening construction site to be used as a roof greening substrate, the thickness of the substrate is 10-25 cm, and roof greening plants are planted.
Preferably, the paving thickness is 20cm.
The matrix of the invention has light weight and low requirement on building load. The dry volume weight of the matrix of the invention is only 0.403g/cm 3 The light green roof substrate is the lightest green roof substrate in the known invention patent, and the light characteristic means that the green roof substrate has small load requirement on a building structure, is easier to popularize and implement, is even used for the reconstruction of old buildings, and is an ideal green roof substrate.
The method has excellent rainfall flood management benefits, and can effectively reduce runoff discharge and reduce rainfall flood peaks. The invention is verified by experiments for the first time, has remarkable rainfall flood management capability, can increase urban toughness from both total amount reduction and peak value reduction, reduces urban waterlogging risk, and provides powerful support for the construction of national sponge cities. In the natural rainfall condition of the experimental monitoring period, when small rainfall (< 10 mm) accounts for 84% of the total rainfall events, medium rainfall (10-50 mm) accounts for 10% of the total rainfall events and large rainfall (> 50 mm) accounts for 6% of the total rainfall events, the total runoff discharge amount can be reduced to 44%, and urban surface runoff can be reduced from the source; in the aspect of peak reduction, under the same rainfall condition, the average peak reduction rate aiming at all rains reaches 85.13%, and the pressure of the urban drainage system in the rainfall process can be greatly reduced.
The support to various ornamental plants is good, the landscape effect is good, extensive management is resisted, and the maintenance cost is low. The invention can ensure 100% survival rate of 7 ornamental plants under the conditions of low irrigation and no fertilization, and the plants are respectively broadleaf liriope spicata, blue flower sage, purple bamboo plum, chinese lycoris chinensis, miscanthus floridulus, miscanthus sinensis and flowering mango. The survival rates of the other 5 ornamental plants, namely the survival rates of the emerald green plants, the dianthus chinensis, the sedum chrysopodioides, the purpleflower bulrush and the pennisetum setosum are respectively 78%, 89%, 86% and 97%, so that a rich landscape effect can be created, and the maintenance cost is saved. Under the condition of no irrigation, the method can also provide good growth promotion and vegetation coverage maintenance effects for ornamental perennial grass and flower communities used in experiments, and during monitoring, the vegetation coverage rate can reach 83.1% at most, and is not lower than 67.8% at least in hot summer periods.
The invention does not need water retention agent or other soil modifier, and reduces the cost by the natural characteristic of the raw material. Compared with the prior patents, the material used in the patent does not need to use a water-retaining agent or other soil modifiers, and the natural water-retaining property of the vermiculite is adopted, so that the overall cost of the matrix is low, and the good water-retaining effect is ensured.
The material is easy to obtain, the construction is simple and convenient, and the production and the preparation are easy. The raw materials used in the invention have wide sources, are environment-friendly and nontoxic, are produced in many cities, are easy to purchase, have low cost and are suitable for wide popularization nationwide. The preparation process of the matrix is simple and convenient, and is suitable for batch production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the trend of the change of the groundcover of perennial grass florae in different substrate formulations.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: preparing compost. The concrete preparation process of the compost comprises the following steps: fully mixing peat, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and pine bark (3-6 mm) according to a proportion, wherein the corresponding ratio of the peat, the fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and the pine bark (3-6 mm grain diameter) is 10:5:1.
step two: fully mixing the compost, shale ceramisite (with the grain diameter of 3-8 mm), vermiculite (with the grain diameter of 1-3 mm) and perlite (with the grain diameter of 3-6 mm) according to a proportion to prepare the matrix. The corresponding ratio of the compost to the shale ceramsite (3-8 mm in particle size), the vermiculite (1-3 mm in particle size) to the perlite (3-6 mm in particle size) is 4:6:5:5.
the main physicochemical properties of the matrix are as follows: the organic matter content is 10.8 percent, the available nitrogen is 352mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 93.8mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 2490mg/kg, and the dry volume weight of the matrix is 0.403g/cm 3 The maximum water holding capacity is 1796g/kg.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: and (4) preparing compost. The concrete preparation process of the compost comprises the following steps: fully mixing peat, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and pine bark (3-6 mm) according to a proportion, wherein the corresponding ratio of the peat, the fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and the pine bark (3-6 mm grain diameter) is 10:5:2.
step two: fully mixing the compost, shale ceramisite (with the grain diameter of 3-8 mm), vermiculite (with the grain diameter of 1-3 mm) and perlite (with the grain diameter of 3-6 mm) according to a proportion to prepare the matrix. The corresponding ratio of the compost to the shale ceramsite (with the grain diameter of 3-8 mm), the vermiculite (with the grain diameter of 1-3 mm) to the perlite (with the grain diameter of 3-6 mm) is 3:6:4:5.
example 3
The method comprises the following steps: preparing compost. The concrete preparation process of the compost comprises the following steps: fully mixing peat, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and pine bark (3-6 mm) according to a proportion, wherein the corresponding ratio of the peat to the fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer to the pine bark (3-6 mm grain diameter) is 11:4:1.
step two: fully mixing the compost, shale ceramsite (with the grain diameter of 3-8 mm), vermiculite (with the grain diameter of 1-3 mm) and perlite (with the grain diameter of 3-6 mm) according to a proportion to prepare the matrix. The corresponding ratio of the compost to the shale ceramsite (3-8 mm in particle size), the vermiculite (1-3 mm in particle size) to the perlite (3-6 mm in particle size) is 4:8:5:4.
test example 1 test of management effect of matrix rain flood
Evaluation indexes are as follows:
the rainfall flood management effect of the matrix is evaluated by monitoring and recording two indexes, namely the rainwater retention rate and the peak reduction rate
Experimental treatment
Four substrate formulas (see table 1, substrate a in the table represents the formula in the invention) are designed according to different principle proportions, and are respectively matched with two same mixed plant communities for planting (an ornamental grass community comprises miscanthus floridulus, miscanthus sinensis, miscanthus floridulus, sedum pernicifluum, phragmites communis and pennisetum setosum, a perennial grass flower community comprises liriope spicata, salvia praeruptorum, prunus mume, lycoris chinensis, veronica aurantium and dianthus chinensis).
TABLE 1 different treatment substrate materials and ratios
Note: the experimental matrix proportion principle is as follows: the raw material is light in weight and comprises lightweight aggregate; providing a small compost proportion; the matrix contains water-retaining raw materials.
The physicochemical properties of the above four matrices are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 physicochemical Properties of the four matrices
The four matrix formulas and the matched vegetation are all arranged in the equal proportion green roof planting grooves and are placed under the conditions of open roofs and natural climate. The planting groove is 1.2m multiplied by 1.2m in size, and the laying depth of the matrix is 20cm. Each substrate was matched with a plant community with three replicates. The experimental monitoring period is from 3 months in the current year to 1 month in the next year, during which the roof only receives natural rainfall, weeds are removed periodically, and no artificial irrigation or fertilization is carried out. Rainfall data during the monitoring period and emission data generated by the green roof are all monitored and recorded in the whole process at intervals of 1 minute. And after the experimental monitoring period is finished, calculating and analyzing evaluation indexes of the management effects of the four kinds of matrix rainfall flood respectively.
Results and conclusions
TABLE 3 management effect of different base material formulas on rainfall flood
Note: the effect data obtained by the experiment are obtained under the natural condition of subtropical monsoon humid climate areas (Chongqing).
Table 3 shows the management effect of 4 kinds of base materials under different natural rainfall conditions and all rainfall conditions, wherein the base material A represents the formula in the invention. As can be seen from the data in the table, the formula A has the highest rainwater retention rate and peak reduction rate in any rainfall condition, the average peak reduction rate for all rainings reaches 85.13%, and the rainwater retention rate and peak reduction rate in small rainfall (about 84% of the total rainfall events in subtropical monsoon climate conditions in the experimental region) are more as high as 87.06% and 99.65%, which shows that in most cases, the matrix can realize most of retention and high-efficiency peak reduction for natural rainfall in subtropical monsoon climate conditions.
In addition, the anova results showed a significant difference in rain retention at the 0.001 level (p < 0.001) between the a and C formulations and a significant difference at the 0.005 level (p < 0.005) between the a and D formulations. The peak reduction rates of the a formulation were significantly different from the other 3 formulations at the 0.05 level (p < 0.05). Overall, the rain flood control efficiency of the formulation a has significant advantages.
Test example 2 verification test of substrate for ornamental plant community support
Evaluation indexes are as follows:
the support effect of the substrate on the growth of ornamental plants was evaluated by calculating the survival rate of ornamental plants during the experiment.
Experimental treatment
In the research, the substrate of the formula is respectively matched with two mixed plant communities for planting (ornamental grass communities comprise miscanthus floridulus, sedum cornutum, phragmitis pulicatum and pennisetum setaceum, perennial grass communities comprise broadleaf liriope spicata, salvia przewalskii, prunus persica, lycoris chinensis, veronica viridans and dianthus chinensis), the substrate is arranged in equal proportion green roof planting grooves, and the roof is placed under the conditions of open roof and natural climate. Community a contains: the repetition rate of 6 ornamental grass (namely the miscanthus floridulus, the sedge corniculatus, the pyrrosia lingua and the pennisetum setosum) is multiplied by 3 and =18 ornamental grass; community B contains: the repetition of 6 perennial grass flowers (broadleaf liriope spicata, blue flower sage, purple bamboo plum, chinese lycoris, green arulia and dianthus chinensis) x 3 =18 perennial grass flowers. The planting groove is 1.2m multiplied by 1.2m in size, and the matrix laying depth is 20cm. The substrate matches any plant community with three times of repetition degrees. The experimental monitoring period is from 7 months in the current year to the end of the plant growth period in the next 12 months. During the monitoring period, except for hot weather of 7-9 months and a small amount of irrigation in the evening every day when the outdoor temperature is higher than 35 ℃ (according to the hot weather, the water is supplied for 13.57L or 23.52L in each groove in equal amount), the roof only receives natural rainfall in the rest time, weeds are removed regularly, and no artificial fertilization is carried out. And respectively calculating and analyzing the survival rates of all ornamental plants in the spring of the next year after the experiment monitoring period is finished.
Results and analysis
Statistics on plant survival rates at the end of the monitoring period shows that the formula matrix can ensure 100% survival rates of 7 ornamental plants, namely, broadleaf liriope spicata, blue flower sage, purple bamboo plum, chinese lycoris chinensis, spotted-leaf miscanthus, thin-leaf miscanthus and floral-leaf miscanthus. The survival rates of the other 5 ornamental plants can be ensured to be higher, namely the survival rates of the emerald green, the dianthus chinensis, the goldenrod, the floral leaf pampasgrass and the pennisetum setosum are 78%, 89%, 86% and 97% respectively, which shows that the formula disclosed by the invention can provide good growth support for the ornamental plants used in the experiment even under the condition of low maintenance.
Test example 3 verification test of growth promoting and coverage maintaining effects of ornamental plants by using a substrate
Evaluation indexes are as follows:
the growth promotion and coverage maintenance effects of the matrix on ornamental plants are evaluated by monitoring and recording the change condition of vegetation ground coverage.
Experimental treatment
Four substrate formulas are designed according to different principle proportions (see table 1 in experimental example 1, a substrate A in the table represents the formula in the invention), and the four substrate formulas are respectively matched with two same mixed plant communities for planting (ornamental grass communities comprise miscanthus floridulus, miscanthus sinensis, miscanthus floridulus, sedum peruvianum, phragmites communis and pennisetum setosum, perennial grass community comprises liriope spicata, salvia praeruptorum, prunus persica, lycoris chinensis, veronica aurantifolia and dianthus chinensis).
The four substrate formulas and the matched vegetation are all arranged in the equal proportion green roof planting grooves and are placed under the open roof and natural climate conditions. The planting groove is 1.2m multiplied by 1.2m in size, and the laying depth of the matrix is 20cm. Each substrate was matched with a plant community with three replicates. The experimental monitoring period is from 3 months to 9 months in the current year. During the monitoring period, the roof only receives natural rainfall, weeds are removed periodically, and no artificial fertilization or irrigation is carried out. The vegetation coverage rate of the perennial grass and flower plant community is recorded at intervals of 7-10 days.
Results and analysis
FIG. 1 shows the trend of vegetation coverage over the experimental period for a population of perennial grass flowers falling in 4 matrix formulations, respectively, where matrix A represents the formulation described in the present invention. As can be seen, there is a significant difference in the coverage of ornamental plants between substrates of different formulations, and substrate A performs most favorably. During the experiment period, the coverage rate of the perennial root ornamental grass florae in the formula A is increased from 41% to 70.4%, and is increased by about 30% totally, which shows that the formula A has a remarkable effect of promoting the growth of plants. During monitoring, the vegetation coverage rate can reach 83.1 percent at most and is not lower than 67.8 percent at least, which shows that the matrix formula can ensure higher vegetation coverage even under the extreme condition of high temperature in summer (the high temperature is 37-41 ℃ in the monitoring period of 7-8 months in Chongqing in an experimental place). The research proves that the formula A can provide good growth promotion and vegetation coverage maintenance effects for ornamental perennial grass flower communities used in experiments even under the extreme conditions of high temperature and no irrigation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A green roof matrix for rainfall flood management and control, which is characterized by comprising 3-4: 6 to 8:4 to 5: 4-6 of compost, shale ceramisite, vermiculite and perlite, wherein the compost comprises 10-11: 4 to 5: 1-2 parts of peat, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and pine bark.
2. A green roofing substrate for storm flood management as claimed in claim 1 wherein the volume ratio of compost, shale ceramides, vermiculite and perlite is 4:6:5:5.
3. the green roofing substrate for storm flood management of claim 1, wherein a volume ratio of peat, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and pine bark is 10:5:1.
4. a green roof substrate for rain flood management according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shale ceramisite has a particle size of 3 to 8mm, the vermiculite has a particle size of 1 to 3mm, and the perlite has a particle size of 3 to 6mm.
5. A green roofing substrate for storm flood management as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the pine bark has a particle size of 3 to 6mm.
6. A method of making a green roofing substrate for storm flood management as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 comprising the steps of:
step 1), preparing compost, and fully mixing peat, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and pine bark according to a proportion;
and step 2), fully mixing the compost, the shale ceramsite, the vermiculite and the perlite according to a ratio to prepare the matrix.
7. A method for greening a roof, characterized in that the substrate of any one of claims 1 to 5 is transported to a site where roof greening is planned to be constructed, and laid as a roof greening substrate with a thickness of 10 to 25cm, and roof greening plants are planted.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the lay down thickness is 20cm.
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