CN115322928A - 解淀粉芽孢杆菌zlp-01及其应用 - Google Patents
解淀粉芽孢杆菌zlp-01及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115322928A CN115322928A CN202210954202.4A CN202210954202A CN115322928A CN 115322928 A CN115322928 A CN 115322928A CN 202210954202 A CN202210954202 A CN 202210954202A CN 115322928 A CN115322928 A CN 115322928A
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- zlp
- bacillus amyloliquefaciens
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- insecticide
- bacillus
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Abstract
本发明涉及解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)ZLP‑01,保藏编号为CGMCC No.25031,该菌株同时具有防病、杀虫和促进植物生长的功能。本发明同时公开了该菌株在制备生防制剂、生物农药、土壤修复剂或生物肥料中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01及其应用。
背景技术
植物病虫害给农业生产带来严重的损失,常规化学农药防治不仅杀伤了大量天敌和有益微生物、破坏了生态平衡,还使害虫耐药性急剧上升,对环境和人类健康造成了极大的危害。为此,研究开发安全、高效、环境友好的产品及化肥农药替代技术已成为保障粮食安全、食品安全和环境安全的战略需求。
而解淀粉芽孢杆菌是一类好氧、产芽孢的杆状细菌,该菌具有对人畜无毒无害、环境友好、抗逆性强、繁殖速度快等特点,并能分泌多种活性物质。研究表明该类微生物对灰霉病菌、立枯丝核菌、镰刀病菌、枯萎病菌、早疫病菌、叶霉病菌、黑斑病菌、炭疽病菌、霜霉病菌、黑星病菌、轮纹菌、弯孢病菌、赤霉病菌、小斑病等具有较强的抑制作用,并能促进作物生长。
但是,有关同时具有防病、杀虫和促进植物生长功能的菌株未见相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有高效杀虫、杀菌活性且可促进植物生长的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01及其应用。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)ZLP-01,保藏编号为CGMCCNo.25031。保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为:中国北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏日期为2022年6月9日。
一种上述解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01在防治鳞翅目害虫、蜚蠊目害虫、膜翅目害虫、蜈蚣目害虫、半翅目害虫、鞘翅目害虫或直翅目害虫中的应用。
进一步的,所述鳞翅目害虫包括小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾和菜青虫;所述半翅目害虫包括蚜虫、白粉虱、斑衣蜡蝉;所述鞘翅目害虫包括蛴螬、金针虫或拟地甲;所述直翅目害虫包括蝗虫、蟋蟀、蝼蛄。
一种上述解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01在防治植物病原菌、水产病原菌以及人病原菌中的应用。
进一步的,所述植物病原菌包括番茄叶霉病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、梨黑斑病菌、镰刀病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、葡萄灰霉病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、黄瓜霜霉病菌、黄瓜黑星病菌、苹果轮纹菌、弯孢病菌、立枯丝核菌、小麦赤霉病菌、玉米小斑病菌和番茄早疫病菌。
进一步的,所述水产病原菌包括嗜水气单胞菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌和维氏气单胞菌。
进一步的,所述人病原菌包括白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。
一种上述解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01在制备生防制剂、生物农药、土壤修复剂或生物肥料中的应用。
进一步的,所述生防制剂、生物农药、土壤修复剂或生物肥料中包含解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌体和/或发酵液;或是从发酵液中分离出的表面活性素、伊枯草菌素,芬荠素或精子素。
一种杀虫剂,其包括如下重量份的组分:解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉22.95~75.8份、粘结剂12.3~17.3份、分散剂1.3~1.8份、崩解剂2.3~2.8份、润湿剂1.0~1.5份以及增效剂1.15~2.75份。
进一步的,其还包括辅料2.5-54.5份。
其中,所述解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉通过如下方法制备:向解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的发酵液中添加发酵液质量7~13%的β-环糊精、5~13%的CaCO3以及1.5~5.5%的MgSO4后进行喷雾干燥。
其中,所述粘结剂选自可溶性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、糊精。
其中,所述分散剂选自木质素磺酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠。
其中,所述崩解剂选自硫酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、聚山梨酯80。
其中,所述润湿剂选自大豆卵磷脂、磺化油、炔二醇。
其中,所用增效剂为:硅氧烷共聚物及多元醇混合物、聚醚改性三硅氧烷、乙氧基改性聚三硅氧烷等有机硅类,增效醚、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯、磷酸三苯酯等解毒酶抑制剂类、松节油、茶皂素、天然陈皮精油、玉米胚芽油、油菜籽油、大豆油、青皮桔油、松油、苦楝油、蓖麻油、薄荷油、百里香油、桉叶油、芝麻油、橄榄油等植物油类、大豆软磷脂非离子表面活性混合剂、聚天冬氨酸、烷基多糖苷、d-柠檬烯、蜂蜜、丙酮、肉桂醛、松油烯-4-醇、川楝素、弹指间、倍创、渗展宝、一可佳中的任意的1种以上。
进一步的,其还包括0.60~1.20重量份的化学杀虫剂、生物杀虫剂或植物杀虫剂。
其中,所述化学杀虫剂包括:丙氨酸甲酯、苯醚甲环性、速克灵、进口甲托、苯并咪唑44号、密霉胺、福美霜、进口蓝粉、氯虫苯甲酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯、乙基多杀菌素、灭幼脲氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉、溴氰菊酯、赤霉酸、吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、烯腺嘌呤、羟烯腺嘌呤、苄氨基嘌呤、24-表芸苔素内酯、22,23,24-表芸苔素内酯、28-表高芸苔素内酯、28-高芸苔素内酯、14-羟基芸苔素甾醇、三十烷醇、S-诱抗素、抗坏血酸、糠氨基嘌呤、二氢卟吩铁、尿囊素、超敏蛋白、极细链格孢激活蛋白、氨基寡糖素、香菇多糖、几丁聚糖、葡聚烯糖、低聚糖素、β-羽扇豆球蛋白多肽、胆钙化醇、米尔贝霉素、二化螟性诱剂、斜纹夜蛾诱集性信息素、绿盲蝽性信息素、梨小性迷向素、苹果蠹蛾性信息素中的任意1种以上。
其中,所述生物杀虫剂包括:解淀粉芽孢杆菌、短稳杆菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌、海洋芽孢杆菌、坚强芽孢杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌、蜡质芽孢杆菌、荧光假单胞杆菌、侧孢短芽孢杆菌、短稳杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、沼泽红假单胞菌、嗜硫小红卵菌、白僵菌、球孢白僵菌、金龟子绿僵菌、哈茨木霉菌、木霉菌、淡紫拟青霉、厚孢轮枝菌、耳霉菌、盾壳霉、小盾壳霉、寡雄腐霉菌、蟑螂病毒、多角体病毒、颗粒体病毒、多杀霉素、阿维菌素、蝗虫微孢子虫中的任意1种以上。
其中,所述植物杀虫剂包括:印楝素、苦参碱、藜芦碱、烟碱、鱼藤酮、除虫菊素、苦皮藤素、桉油精、八角茴香油、狼毒素、雷公藤甲素、莪术醇、蛇床子素、丁子香酚、大黄素甲醚、香芹酚、小檗碱、甾烯醇、茶皂素、螺威、大蒜素、d-柠檬烯、萜烯醇、异硫氰酸烯丙酯、十五烯苯酚酸、十三烷苯酚酸、苯丙烯菌酮中的任意1种以上。
一种杀菌剂,其包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的菌体或发酵液。
进一步的,所述杀菌剂包括体积比为500∶1的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的发酵液和多菌灵溶液;所述多菌灵溶液为1g多菌灵与600~1000mL的水混合而成。
一种杀菌剂,包括或是从解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01发酵液中分离出的表面活性素、伊枯草菌素,芬荠素或精子素。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01是一类好氧、产芽孢的杆状微生物,具有环境友好、抗逆性强、繁殖速度快等特点,并能分泌多种活性物质促进植物生长。
本发明的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01具有较强的杀虫活性,可以有效杀灭小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、菜青虫等鳞翅目害虫,蚜虫、白粉虱、斑衣蜡蝉等半翅目害虫,蛴螬、金针虫、拟地甲等鞘翅目害虫,蝗虫、蟋蟀、蝼蛄等直翅目害虫及蜚蠊目的蟑螂、膜翅目蚂蚁和蜈蚣目蜈蚣幼虫。
本发明的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01同时具有广谱抗菌性,对灰霉病菌、立枯丝核菌、镰刀病菌、枯萎病菌、早疫病菌、叶霉病菌、黑斑病菌、炭疽病菌、霜霉病菌、黑星病菌、轮纹菌、弯孢病菌、赤霉病菌、小斑病菌等多种植物病原菌均具有明显的抑制效果。
本发明的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01在开发为杀虫或防病等功能微生物制剂等方面具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的菌落图。
图2为解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的菌株图。
具体实施方式
以下结合优选实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细地阐述。以下实施例仅仅用于说明和解释本发明,而不构成对本发明技术方案的限制。
实施例1解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的分离与筛选
(1)取土样:从中国河北保定采集土壤样品,每份50~100g;装入已灭过菌的牛皮纸袋内,封好袋口,并记录取样地点、环境及日期。
(2)芽孢杆菌分离和纯化:在PB培养基上用平板稀释法对土壤样品进行分离。具体操作如下:准确称取10g土壤样品,加入到装有玻璃珠的90mL 0.9%生理盐水锥形瓶中,180r/min摇床振荡30min,使土样分布均匀制成土壤悬液,浓度为10-1;依次稀释到浓度为10-5、10-6、10-7。分别在80℃恒温水浴30min,各取100μL稀释液涂布PB平板,平板于30℃恒温培养箱倒置培养48h。挑取不同形态的单菌落,用芽孢染色进行鉴定,芽孢杆菌用划线法纯化后转接至PB培养基试管斜面,30℃培养48h后,4℃冰箱保存备用。
(3)杀虫防病作用菌株的筛选
杀虫作用菌株的筛选:以蚜虫为靶标生物,将纯化后的微生物进行液体摇瓶发酵培养后,发酵液以转速12000r/min离心10min去菌体,上清液用0.22μm无菌滤膜过滤制备无菌发酵滤液,发酵滤液进行适当稀释。取适量长度的蚕豆茎叶放入锥形瓶中。对活蚜虫及所在茎叶喷施适量稀释液后放入锥形瓶内,瓶口用薄纱布覆盖并用橡皮筋固定。2d后,对蚜虫进行数量统计,筛选出杀虫效果较好的菌株。
具有防病作用菌株的筛选:以黄瓜灰霉病为指示菌,采用平板对峙法进行初筛。在无菌操作室将PDA培养基上长好的灰霉病原菌用打孔器制成d=5mm菌饼,然后将菌饼转接至PDA培养基平板中央,再将初筛得到的各拮抗菌的无菌滤液分别接至距病原菌2.5cm处,设3个重复,同时以只放病原菌菌饼的平板为对照,26℃恒温培养,待培养至CK长满培养基时,开始测量菌落直径并计算平均抑制率。筛选出对病原菌拮抗作用强的菌株。将杀虫防病效果较强的菌株进行了-80℃冷冻保藏。
(4)杀虫防病作用菌株的鉴定
依据《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》中的实验方法,对筛选得到的杀虫防病效果较强的菌株进行形态学及生理生化鉴定。将菌株在PB培养基平板上于32±1℃培养14~16h,观察到编号为ZLP-01的菌落呈不规则圆形,颜色呈乳白色,无光泽,表面有褶皱,形成典型的“火山口”,该菌体呈杆状(如图1~图2所示)。其生理生化鉴定指标如表1所示。
表1菌株ZLP-01的生理生化特性
注:“+”为阳性;“-”为阴性。
通过形态学观察及生理生化实验,确定编号为ZLP-01的菌株为芽孢杆菌属。接着进行分子生物学分类鉴定,采用16S rDNA序列分析,提取菌株的总基因组DNA为模板扩增其16S rDNA序列。采用通用引物27F/1492R扩增目的片段,扩增产物经1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,采用双向测序方法进行基因测序。测序结果通过GenBank数据库进行BLAST序列同源性比对后将编号为ZLP-01的菌株鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),命名为解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01。
将解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01送至中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心进行保藏,地址为:中国北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏编号为CGMCC No.25031,保藏日期为2022年6月9日。
实施例2解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对鳞翅目害虫、蜚蠊目蟑螂、膜翅目蚂蚁及蜈蚣目蜈蚣幼虫的杀灭效果
将解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01进行发酵培养。使用NB液体培养基,配方为:牛肉膏5g/L、蛋白胨10g/L、NaCl 5g/L、葡萄糖10g/L,pH7.0。按照5%的接种量接种于培养基后置于180r/min、32℃的震荡培养箱中培养48h。
将解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的发酵液稀释成10倍、50倍、100倍,以清水处理作对照。配置药土,以清水配制药土作为对照。并加入适量等量的食料拌匀。采用药土法,选取虫体大小一致的鳞翅目的小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾及菜青虫、蜚蠊目的蟑螂、膜翅目的蚂蚁及蜈蚣目的蜈蚣幼虫,在温度为25℃~28℃的环境中保持24h后。每处理试虫数量为45头,每个处理3个平行。接虫后置于室内常温培养,56h后统计死亡率,如表2所示。
表2解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对鳞翅目害虫及蜚蠊目蟑螂的灭杀作用
实施例3解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对蚜虫等半翅目害虫的杀虫效果
将解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01进行发酵培养(同实施例2)。
将发酵液稀释成10倍、50倍、100倍,以清水处理作对照。豆蚜杀虫实验使用的食物为蚕豆幼茎、棉蚜杀虫实验使用的食物为棉花幼茎、甘蓝蚜杀虫实验使用的食物为甘蓝嫩叶、白粉虱杀虫实验使用的食物为番茄叶片,斑衣蜡蝉杀虫实验使用的食物为槐花,这五种食物均浸泡在上述药液10min后用滤纸吸干水分,取出放在垫有滤纸的广口瓶后,加入2mL去离子水保湿,再将广口瓶用保鲜膜覆盖,扎孔,每12h加1mL水。每个浓度下供试害虫50头,3次重复,挑50头年龄大小相近的害虫虫放在准备好的培养皿上饥饿4h,再分别加入上述药液处理过的蚕豆幼茎、棉花幼茎、甘蓝嫩叶、番茄嫩叶及槐花,每12h更换一次,于25℃培养箱培养过夜,记录害虫的死亡头数,计算不同稀释倍数下蚜虫的死亡率。
死亡率=(死亡虫数÷供试虫数)×100%
死亡率测定:害虫处理过夜后,用毛笔头触碰害虫,若虫不动则视为死亡,统计并记录死亡的害虫头数。由表3实施数据结果可以看出,解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对半翅目昆虫有良好的的防治作用。
表3解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对蚜虫等半翅目昆虫的杀虫效果
实施例4解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对鞘翅目幼虫的杀灭效果
将解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01进行发酵培养(同实施例2)。
将解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的发酵液稀释成10倍、50倍、100倍,以清水处理作对照。配置药土,以清水配制药土作为对照。并加入适量等量的食料拌匀。采用药土法,选取虫体大小一致的白星花金龟、金针虫、拟地甲、桑天牛的三龄幼虫,在温度为25℃~28℃的环境中保持24h后。每处理试虫数量为15头,每个处理3个平行,重复3次。接虫后置于室内常温培养,56h后统计死亡率,如表4所示。
表4解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对蛴螬等鞘翅目幼虫的杀灭效果
实施例5解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对蝗虫、蟋蟀、蝼蛄等直翅目害虫的杀虫效果
将解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01进行发酵培养(同实施例2)。
将发酵液稀释成10倍、50倍、100倍,以清水处理作对照。蝗虫杀虫实验使用的食物为小麦、蟋蟀杀虫实验使用的食物为毛豆、蝼蛄杀虫实验使用的食物为白菜叶子,这三种食物均浸泡在上述药液10min后用滤纸吸干水分,取出放在垫有滤纸的广口瓶后,加入2mL去离子水保湿,再将广口瓶用保鲜膜覆盖,扎孔,每12h加1mL水。每个浓度下供试害虫30头,3次重复,挑30头体重大小相近的害虫放在准备好的培养皿上饥饿4h,再分别加入上述药液处理过的小麦、毛豆和白菜叶子,每12h更换一次,于25℃培养箱培养过夜,记录害虫的死亡头数,计算不同稀释倍数下害虫的死亡率。
死亡率=(死亡虫数÷供试虫数)×100%
由表5实施数据结果可以看出,解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对蝗虫、蟋蟀及蝼蛄等直翅目昆虫有良好的防治作用。
表5解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对蝗虫等直翅目昆虫的防治效果
实施例6解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的抑菌谱测定
选取常见病原菌如:番茄叶霉病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、梨黑斑病菌、镰刀病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、葡萄灰霉病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、黄瓜霜霉病菌、黄瓜黑星病菌、苹果轮纹菌、弯孢病菌、立枯丝核菌、小麦赤霉病菌、玉米小斑病菌、番茄早疫病菌等多种植物病原菌;嗜水气单胞菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌、维氏气单胞菌等水产病原菌;以及白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等人的病原菌为靶标,采用平板对峙法测定菌株ZLP-01的抑菌谱,确定ZLP-01菌株对病原菌生长的抑制能力。
根据表6的实施结果可见,菌株ZLP-01对所试22种病原菌均有较强的拮抗作用,其中对番茄叶霉病菌的抑制作用最强,抑菌圈直径可达29.33mm。说明以解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的发酵液为活性成分的杀菌剂在农业生产上有良好的应用价值。
表6解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01对不同植物病原菌的抑制效果
实施例7解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀虫剂(水分散粒剂)的制备
(1)制备解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉
培养解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01使用NB液体培养基,配方为:牛肉膏5g/L、蛋白胨10g/L、NaCl 5g/L、葡萄糖10g/L,pH7.0。按照5%的接种量接种于NB培养基后置于180r/min、32℃的震荡培养箱中培养48h。将培养好的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的发酵菌液,进行喷雾干燥,填料选11%的β-环糊精,9%的CaCO3,3%的MgSO4,进口温度180℃,设置料液温度为常温22℃,风速为30m3/h,入料流量是15mL/min,喷雾干燥后获得解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉。
(2)杀虫剂的制作流程
配方1的制备方法:将26.2%的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌粉与55%的辅料(碳酸钙)、12.45%的粘结剂可溶性淀粉、1.3%的分散剂木质素磺酸钠、2.8%的崩解剂硫酸钠、1%的润湿剂大豆卵磷脂及1.25%的增效剂大豆油充分混合,通过气流粉碎机粉碎再混匀,然后加入蒸馏水捏合成块,再通过造粒机进行挤压造粒,得到的样品放置烘箱中进行45-50℃烘干,过40目振动筛得到解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀虫剂。
配方2的制备方法:将23.95%的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉与53.5%的辅料(碳酸钙)、14.4%的粘结剂羧甲基纤维素、1.9%的分散剂三聚磷酸钠、2.3%的崩解剂十二烷基硫酸钠、1.5%的润湿剂磺化油及2.45%的增效剂聚醚改性三硅氧烷充分混合,通过气流粉碎机粉碎再混匀,然后加入蒸馏水捏合成块,再通过造粒机进行挤压造粒,得到的样品放置烘箱中进行45-50℃烘干,过40目振动筛得到解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀虫剂。
配方3的制备方法:将24.5%的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉与53.5%的辅料(碳酸钙)、15.3%的粘结剂糊精、1.3%的分散剂焦磷酸钠、2.6%的崩解剂聚山梨酯80、1.3%的润湿剂炔二醇及1.5%的增效剂乙氧基改性聚三硅氧烷充分混合,通过气流粉碎机粉碎再混匀,然后加入蒸馏水捏合成块,再通过造粒机进行挤压造粒,得到的样品放置烘箱中进行45-50℃烘干,过40目振动筛得到解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀虫剂。
配方1、配方2和配方3对斜纹夜蛾的矫正杀虫率为76%、76%和77%;对豆蚜的矫正杀虫率为69%、68%、70%;对蛴螬的矫正杀虫率为75%、74%和76%;对蟋蟀的矫正杀虫率为70%、69%和70%。
实施例8解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀菌剂(粉剂)的制备方法
将解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的发酵菌液(同实施例2)和多菌灵溶液(1g多菌灵溶于800mL水)按照500∶1的体积比均匀混合,然后进行喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥后获得解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀菌剂的粉剂。
实施例9解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀菌剂的促生效果
选用黄瓜为试验作物,室内盆栽黄瓜种苗20株/盆,设3个平行,处理组施用解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀菌剂(实施例8),对照组不施用任何促生产品。而后随机选10株28日龄黄瓜幼苗,用直尺测量幼苗的株高,游标卡尺测量茎粗。105℃杀青15min,75℃烘干至恒重,测定地上部和地下部干质量,采用乙醇丙酮浸提法测定叶绿素含量,用便携式光合测定系统进行光合参数的测定。从表7可知,解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀菌剂在对黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、单株地上部鲜质量、单株地上部干质量、叶面积、单株根鲜质量、单株根干质量、单株总根体积、叶绿素总量和净光合速率方面较CK提高了6.42%、9.82%、18.98%、15.59%、3.59%、73.75%、5.25%、118.75%、60.00%和87.70%,且除株高、叶面积和单株根干质量外,都达到了差异显著的水平。表明,本发明解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀菌剂对黄瓜幼苗有显著的促生效果。
表7解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀菌剂对黄瓜幼苗的促生效果
注:同行相同字母代表P>0.05,差异不显著,不同字母代表P<0.05,差异显著。
实施例10解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀虫剂(包含杀虫剂)的制备
按照质量比(见表8),制作包含化学杀虫剂、生物杀虫剂、植物杀虫剂的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀虫剂配方。其中菌粉为实施例7的步骤(1)所得到的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉。
制备方法:将解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉与辅料混合后,再与粘结剂、分散剂、崩解剂、润湿剂、杀虫剂及增效剂充分混合,通过气流粉碎机粉碎再混匀,然后加入蒸馏水捏合成块,再通过造粒机进行挤压造粒,得到的样品放置烘箱中进行45~50℃烘干,过40目振动筛得到解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀虫剂。
所用辅料为碳酸钙。
所用粘结剂为:(1)可溶性淀粉、(2)羧甲基纤维素钠、(3)糊精。
所用分散剂为:(A)木质素磺酸钠、(B)三聚磷酸钠、(C)焦磷酸钠。
所用崩解剂为:(a)硫酸钠、(b)十二烷基硫酸钠、(e)聚山梨酯80。
所用润湿剂为:(α)大豆卵磷脂、(β)磺化油、(γ)炔二醇。
所用增效剂为:(1)硅氧烷共聚物、(2)聚醚改性三硅氧烷、(3)乙氧基改性聚三硅氧烷等有机硅类,(4)增效醚、(5)顺丁烯二酸二乙酯、(6)磷酸三苯酯等解毒酶抑制剂类,(7)松节油、(8)茶皂素、(9)天然陈皮精油、(10)玉米胚芽油、(11)油菜籽油、(12)大豆油、(13)青皮桔油、(14)松油、(15)苦楝油、(16)蓖麻油、(17)薄荷油、(18)百里香油、(19)桉叶油、(20)芝麻油、(21)橄榄油等植物油类,(22)大豆软磷脂非离子表面活性混合剂、(23)聚天冬氨酸、(24)烷基多糖苷、(25)d-柠檬烯、(26)蜂蜜、(27)丙酮、(28)肉桂醛、(29)松油烯-4-醇、(30)川楝素、(31)弹指间、(32)倍创、(33)渗展宝、(34)一可佳中任意的1种或2种以上。
化学杀虫剂包括:(1)丙氨酸甲酯、(2)苯醚甲环性、(3)速克灵、(4)进口甲托、(5)苯并咪唑44号、(6)密霉胺、(7)福美霜、(8)进口蓝粉、(9)氯虫苯甲酰胺、(10)高效氯氟氰菊酯、(11)乙基多杀菌素、(12)灭幼脲氯氰菊酯、(13)吡虫啉、(14)溴氰菊酯、(15)赤霉酸、(16)吲哚乙酸、(17)吲哚丁酸、(18)烯腺嘌呤、(19)羟烯腺嘌呤、(20)苄氨基嘌呤、(21)24-表芸苔素内酯、(22)22,23,24-表芸苔素内酯、(23)28-表高芸苔素内酯、(24)28-高芸苔素内酯、(25)14-羟基芸苔素甾醇、(26)三十烷醇、(27)S-诱抗素、(28)抗坏血酸、(29)糠氨基嘌呤、(30)二氢卟吩铁、(31)尿囊素、(32)超敏蛋白、(33)极细链格孢激活蛋白、(34)氨基寡糖素、(35)香菇多糖、(36)几丁聚糖、(37)葡聚烯糖、(38)低聚糖素、(39)β-羽扇豆球蛋白多肽、(40)胆钙化醇、(41)米尔贝霉素、(42)括二化螟性诱剂、(43)斜纹夜蛾诱集性信息素、(44)绿盲蝽性信息素、(45)梨小性迷向素、(46)苹果蠹蛾性信息素中的任意1种或2种以上。
生物杀虫剂包括:(1)枯草芽孢杆菌、(2)短稳杆菌、(3)多粘类芽孢杆菌、(4)苏云金芽孢杆菌、(5)甲基营养型芽孢杆菌、(6)海洋芽孢杆菌、(7)坚强芽孢杆菌、(8)球形芽孢杆菌、(9)蜡质芽孢杆菌、(10)荧光假单胞杆菌、(11)侧孢短芽孢杆菌、(12)短稳杆菌、(13)地衣芽孢杆菌、(14)解淀粉芽孢杆菌、(15)沼泽红假单胞菌、(16)嗜硫小红卵菌、(17)白僵菌、(18)球孢白僵菌、(19)金龟子绿僵菌、(20)哈茨木霉菌、(21)木霉菌、(22)淡紫拟青霉、(23)厚孢轮枝菌、(24)耳霉菌、(25)盾壳霉、(26)小盾壳霉、(27)寡雄腐霉菌、(28)蟑螂病毒、(29)多角体病毒、(30)颗粒体病毒、(31)多杀霉素、(32)阿维菌素、(33)蝗虫微孢子虫中的任意1种或2种以上。
植物杀虫剂包括:(1)印楝素、(2)苦参碱、(3)藜芦碱、(4)烟碱、(5)鱼藤酮、(6)除虫菊素、(7)苦皮藤素、(8)桉油精、(9)八角茴香油、(10)狼毒素、(11)雷公藤甲素、(12)莪术醇、(13)蛇床子素、(14)丁子香酚、(15)大黄素甲醚、(16)香芹酚、(17)小檗碱、(18)甾烯醇、(19)茶皂素、(20)螺威、(21)大蒜素、(22)d-柠檬烯、(23)萜烯醇、(24)异硫氰酸烯丙酯、(25)十五烯苯酚酸、(26)十三烷苯酚酸、(27)苯丙烯菌酮中的任意1种或2种以上。
表8解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01杀虫剂配方
以上所述的实施例和方法是本发明的最佳实施方案,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出部分改变、修饰、替代、组合,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)ZLP-01,其特征在于,保藏编号为CGMCC No.25031。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01在防治鳞翅目害虫、蜚蠊目害虫、膜翅目害虫、蜈蚣目害虫、半翅目害虫、鞘翅目害虫或直翅目害虫中的应用。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01在防治植物病原菌、水产病原菌以及人病原菌中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述植物病原菌包括番茄叶霉病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、梨黑斑病菌、镰刀病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、葡萄灰霉病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、黄瓜霜霉病菌、黄瓜黑星病菌、苹果轮纹菌、弯孢病菌、立枯丝核菌、小麦赤霉病菌、玉米小斑病菌和番茄早疫病菌;所述水产病原菌包括嗜水气单胞菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌和维氏气单胞菌。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述人病原菌包括白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01在制备生防制剂、生物农药、土壤修复剂或生物肥料中的应用。
7.一种杀虫剂,其特征在于,其包括如下重量份的组分:解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉22.95~75.8份、粘结剂12.3~17.3份、分散剂1.3~1.8份、崩解剂2.3~2.8份、润湿剂1.0~1.5份以及增效剂1.15~2.75份。
8.根据权利要求7所述的杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌株原粉通过如下方法制备:向解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01的发酵液中添加发酵液质量7~13%的β-环糊精、5~13%的CaCO3以及1.5~5.5%的MgSO4后进行喷雾干燥。
9.根据权利要求7所述的杀虫剂,其特征在于,其还包括0.60~1.20重量份的化学杀虫剂、生物杀虫剂或植物杀虫剂。
10.一种杀菌剂,其特征在于,其包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZLP-01菌体、发酵液、或是从发酵液中分离出的表面活性素、伊枯草菌素,芬荠素或精子素。
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