CN115322046B - Microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof. The microbial preparation comprises: the microbial agent particles are coated in a disintegrating matrix, wherein the microbial agent particles at least comprise porous volcanic ash, microbial agents and molasses, the porous volcanic ash and the microbial agents are bonded into a whole under the action of the molasses, and the pores of the porous volcanic ash are also loaded with the microbial agents and the molasses. The disintegrating matrix is at least granular matters formed by bonding biomass powder and molasses, each microbial agent particle contains one microbial agent with a peanut pest control function, and each disintegrating matrix contains not less than two microbial agents. The microbial preparation disclosed by the invention can release various microorganisms which are beneficial to improving the disease and insect resistance of peanuts into soil, and can also promote the sandiness of the soil, so that the problem that soil hardening is easy to cause in continuous cultivation is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut planting, in particular to a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Peanut is a popular nut, which contains linoleic acid, which helps to promote the decomposition and excretion of cholesterol in the body and reduce the cholesterol content of the body. And a large amount of unsaturated fatty acid is also contained in the peanuts, which is also helpful for reducing blood fat and cholesterol. In addition, peanuts are rich in nutrients such as vitamins, proteins and amino acids, so that the peanuts become food which is deeply favored by people, and are processed into various foods. The peanuts are suitable for being planted in sandy soil areas with warm weather and moderate rainfall, and because the peanuts are high in yield and good in economic benefit, continuous cultivation is carried out in a plurality of areas, but the problems of diseases and insect pests of the peanuts are easily aggravated, and the yield of the peanuts is reduced. The problem has attracted attention from agricultural scientists, and various prevention and control measures are developed for the problem of peanut diseases and insect pests, such as adding microbial agents, modifying agents or spraying carbendazim to peanuts in soil, and the like, and a certain effect is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof, and the microbial preparation can release various microorganisms which are beneficial to improving peanut disease and insect pests into soil, can improve the sandiness of the soil, improve the problem that continuous cultivation is easy to cause soil hardening, and is beneficial to improving peanut yield. Specifically, the invention discloses the following technical scheme.
First, there is provided a microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests, comprising: the microbial agent particles are coated in a disintegrating matrix, wherein the microbial agent particles at least comprise porous volcanic ash, microbial agents and molasses, the porous volcanic ash and the microbial agents are bonded into a whole under the action of the molasses, and the pores of the porous volcanic ash are also loaded with the microbial agents and the molasses. The disintegrating matrix is at least granular matters formed by bonding biomass powder and molasses, each microbial agent particle contains one microbial agent with a peanut pest control function, and each disintegrating matrix contains not less than two microbial agents.
Further, the microbial agent comprises at least two of bacillus cereus agent, bacillus mucilaginosus agent, paecilomyces lilacinus agent, rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, streptomyces microflavus agent and the like.
Secondly, a preparation method of a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Immersing volcanic particle stones into diluted molasses, taking out volcanic stone particles, drying, and crushing to obtain modified volcanic stone particles for later use.
(2) And uniformly mixing the modified vesuvianite particles and microbial agent powder, adding diluted molasses for granulating, and drying to obtain microbial agent particles, wherein the microbial agent particles containing different types of microorganisms with functions of preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests are prepared according to the method for later use.
(3) And uniformly mixing biomass powder, diluted molasses and at least two microbial agent particles, and granulating. And mixing the obtained particles with biomass powder again after the completion, bonding a layer of biomass powder on the surfaces of the particles, and finally drying to obtain the microbial preparation.
Further, in each of the above steps, the diluted molasses means a molasses liquid obtained by diluting molasses 2.3 to 2.8 times with water and then filtering.
Further, in the step (1), the ratio of the fine particles of vesuvianite to the diluted molasses is 1g: 120-150 ml. The molasses fully enters the pores of the vesuvianite through impregnation, so that the molasses is loaded into the vesuvianite, and nutrition is provided for microorganisms in the microbial agent.
Further, in the step (1), the dipping time of the vesuvianite particles in the diluted molasses is 20-60 min, so that the molasses fully enters the pores of the vesuvianite.
Further, in the step (1), the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃ and the drying time is 1-2 hours.
Further, in the step (1), the particle size of the modified vesuvianite particles is 80-120 mesh.
Further, in the step (2), the weight ratio of the modified vesuvianite particles to the microbial agent powder is 40-46 parts: 6-9 parts of diluted molasses is 10-17% of the total mass of modified vesuvianite particles and microbial agent powder.
Further, in the step (2), hot air at the temperature of 40-45 ℃ is adopted for blowing and drying for 30-40 min. The water in the molasses can be dried to increase the viscosity of the molasses, so that the granulated particles are better formed.
Further, in the step (2), the microbial agent includes at least two of bacillus cereus agent, bacillus mucilaginosus agent, paecilomyces lilacinus agent, rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, streptomyces microflavus agent and the like.
Further, in the step (2), the particle size of the microbial agent particles is 3-6 mm.
Further, in the step (3), the weight part ratio of the biomass powder to the microbial agent particles is 20-26 parts: 37-44 parts. The diluted molasses is 12-14% of the total mass of biomass powder and microbial agent particles.
Further, in the step (3), hot air at 40-45 ℃ is adopted for blowing and drying for 20-30 min, so that the moisture in a disintegrating matrix formed by bonding the biomass powder and the honey is reduced, and the matrix is molded and hardened.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the microbial preparation for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests, the volcanic rock is modified by adopting the diluted molasses solution, molasses is loaded in pores of the volcanic rock, and the molasses contains a large amount of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, vitamins, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and other mineral elements, so that the microbial preparation can not only survive and multiply microorganisms in the microbial preparation, but also provide a large amount of nutrient substances for the soil after the microbial preparation is disintegrated in the soil, so that the soil continuously cultivated and reduced in nutrient substances can be quickly supplemented, and the recycling utilization of the industrial byproducts of honey is realized.
The second, the invention utilizes modified vesuvianite, microbial agent and honey to prepare microbial agent granule, it not merely contains various microorganisms favorable for promoting peanut to resist pest and disease damage, and this microbial agent granule has good air permeability, and in addition, the honey in the microbial agent granule can make the microorganism keep the activity better. In addition, the invention can ensure that different microbial agent particles can be applied to the soil where each microbial agent for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests is located by arranging not less than two microbial agent particles in each disintegrating matrix, thereby being beneficial to overcoming the problem of uneven application of the microbial agent in the soil and improving the disease and insect pest control effect.
Thirdly, the microbial agent particles are coated in a disintegrating matrix formed by the biomass powder and the molasses, so that on one hand, the disintegrating matrix has good air permeability, and external oxygen can conveniently enter the matrix for microorganisms. On the other hand, after the disintegrating matrix enters the soil, as the matrix formed by the biomass powder has good hygroscopicity, moisture in the soil can quickly enter the matrix to dissolve the honey, the viscosity is reduced, the matrix formed by the biomass powder is disintegrated, and the honey in the microbial agent particles in the matrix is gradually dissolved under the action of the moisture absorbed by the matrix, so that the microbial agent particles are disintegrated, and the microbial agent is released. The biomass powder, volcanic rock and honey released by the disintegration are constructed into a microenvironment which is rich in nutrition and convenient for adhesion and survival for microorganism propagation. Meanwhile, the volcanic rock particles released by collapse can also play a role in improving the sandiness degree of soil, so that the problem that soil hardening is easy to cause in continuous cultivation is solved, and the method is more beneficial to peanut planting because the peanuts are more suitable for planting in sandy soil areas. The biomass powder released by the collapse explanation realizes the returning of the abandoned straw, rice husk and other biomass to the field, and provides nutrients for soil after microbial decomposition, so that the soil fertility is increased, and the peanut yield is improved.
Detailed Description
It is to be noted that all terms of art and science used herein have the same meanings as those familiar to those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. The reagents or materials used in the present invention may be purchased in conventional manners, and unless otherwise indicated, they may be used in conventional manners in the art or according to the product specifications.
In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the methods of the present invention. The preferred methods and materials described herein are presented for illustrative purposes only. The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The molasses used in the following examples is waste sugar liquor of a certain preserved fruit producer, which is black brown viscous liquid, and its main components are beet molasses, cane molasses, grape molasses and water. In addition, the food also contains 3.71% of protein, 6.29% of mineral elements such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and the like, and a small amount of vitamins and the like. In addition, each of the microbial agent powders in the following examples is a commercially available product.
Example 1
A preparation method of a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) Molasses and clear water are mixed according to the following ratio of 1: mixing at a volume ratio of 2.6 times, stirring for 10min, filtering with a filter screen, and collecting the filtrate to obtain diluted molasses liquid for later use.
(2) According to the following steps of 1g of vesuvianite and diluted molasses liquid: the porous vesuvianite particles are immersed in diluted molasses liquid according to the proportion of 135ml, mechanically stirred for 45min, then filtered out and collected, the vesuvianite particles are placed in an oven to be dried for 90min at 55 ℃, and after the completion, the obtained vesuvianite particles are crushed and pass through a 100-mesh screen to obtain modified vesuvianite particles for standby.
(3) The modified vesuvianite particles and bacillus cereus agent powder are mixed according to the following proportion of 45:7 parts by weight and stirring for 10min. The diluted molasses solution (which is added in an amount of 14% of the total mass of the modified vesuvianite particles and the microbial inoculum powder) was then added to carry out granulation in a granulator. And (3) continuously blowing and drying the granulated particles obtained by granulation for 30min by adopting hot air at 45 ℃ after the completion of the granulation, so as to obtain bacillus cereus agent particles.
According to the method, respectively preparing microbial agent particles containing bacillus mucilaginosus agent, paecilomyces lilacinus agent, rhodopseudomonas palustris agent and streptomyces microflavus agent for standby.
(4) Uniformly mixing wheat straw powder and various microbial agent particles prepared in the previous step, and then adding the diluted molasses to granulate in a granulator, wherein the weight ratio of the wheat straw powder to the microbial agent particles is 25 parts: 40 parts of microbial agent particles, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus cereus agent particles to bacillus mucilaginosus agent particles to paecilomyces lilacinus agent particles to rhodopseudomonas palustris agent particles to streptomyces microflavus agent particles is 3:1.2:1.7:1:2.3. the diluted molasses accounts for 12.5% of the total mass of the wheat straw powder and the microbial agent particles.
Mixing the obtained granules with wheat straw powder again after granulation, bonding a layer of biomass powder on the surfaces of the granules, taking out the granules, and continuously blowing and drying the granules by adopting hot air at 45 ℃ for 25min to obtain the microbial preparation.
Example 2
A preparation method of a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) Molasses and clear water are mixed according to the following ratio of 1: mixing at a volume ratio of 2.3 times, stirring for 20min, filtering with a filter screen, and collecting the filtrate to obtain diluted molasses liquid for later use.
(2) According to the following steps of 1g of vesuvianite and diluted molasses liquid: soaking porous vesuvianite particles in 150ml of diluted molasses liquid, mechanically stirring for 20min, filtering to collect vesuvianite particles, drying at 50deg.C for 120min, pulverizing, and sieving with 120 mesh sieve to obtain modified vesuvianite particles.
(3) The modified vesuvianite particles and bacillus cereus agent powder are mixed according to the following proportion of 40:6 parts by weight and stirring for 10min after mixing. Then adding the diluted molasses liquid (the addition amount of the diluted molasses liquid is 10% of the total mass of the modified vesuvianite particles and the microbial inoculum powder) and granulating in a granulator. And (3) continuously blowing and drying the granulated particles obtained by granulation by adopting hot air at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 40min after the completion of the granulation, so as to obtain bacillus cereus agent particles.
According to the method, respectively preparing microbial agent particles containing bacillus mucilaginosus agent and paecilomyces lilacinus agent for standby.
(4) Uniformly mixing wheat straw powder and various microbial agent particles prepared in the previous step, and then adding the diluted molasses to granulate in a granulator, wherein the weight ratio of the wheat straw powder to the microbial agent particles is 20 parts: 37 parts of bacillus cereus agent particles, bacillus mucilaginosus agent particles and paecilomyces lilacinus agent particles in the microbial agent particles, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus cereus agent particles to the bacillus mucilaginosus agent particles to the paecilomyces lilacinus agent particles is 3:1.2:1.7. the diluted molasses accounts for 14% of the total mass of the wheat straw powder and the microbial agent particles.
Mixing the obtained granules with wheat straw powder again after granulation, bonding a layer of biomass powder on the surfaces of the granules, taking out the granules, and continuously blowing and drying the granules by hot air at 40 ℃ for 30min to obtain the microbial preparation.
Example 3
A preparation method of a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) Molasses and clear water are mixed according to the following ratio of 1: mixing at a volume ratio of 2.8 times, stirring for 10min, filtering with a filter screen, and collecting the filtrate to obtain diluted molasses liquid for later use.
(2) According to the following steps of 1g of vesuvianite and diluted molasses liquid: the porous vesuvianite particles are immersed in diluted molasses liquid according to the proportion of 120ml, mechanically stirred for 60min, then filtered out and collected, the vesuvianite particles are placed in an oven to be dried at 60 ℃ for 60min, and after the completion, the obtained vesuvianite particles are crushed and pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain modified vesuvianite particles for standby.
(3) The modified vesuvianite particles and bacillus mucilaginosus agent powder are mixed according to the following proportion of 46:9 parts by weight and stirring for 15min. The diluted molasses solution (which is added in an amount of 17% of the total mass of the modified vesuvianite particles and the microbial inoculum powder) was then added to carry out granulation in a granulator. And (3) continuously blowing and drying the granulated particles obtained by granulating by adopting hot air at 43 ℃ for 35min after the completion of the granulating, so as to obtain bacillus mucilaginosus microbial inoculum particles.
According to the method, the microbial agent particles containing the streptomyces microflavus agent are prepared for standby.
(4) Uniformly mixing wheat straw powder and various microbial agent particles prepared in the previous step, and then adding the diluted molasses to granulate in a granulator, wherein the weight ratio of the wheat straw powder to the microbial agent particles is 26 parts: 44 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus agent particles and streptomyces microflavus agent particles in the microbial agent particles, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus agent particles to the streptomyces microflavus agent particles is 1.2:2.3. the diluted molasses accounts for 12% of the total mass of the wheat straw powder and the microbial agent particles.
Mixing the obtained granules with wheat straw powder again after granulation, bonding a layer of biomass powder on the surfaces of the granules, taking out the granules, and continuously blowing and drying the granules by adopting hot air at 45 ℃ for 20min to obtain the microbial preparation.
Example 4
A preparation method of a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) Molasses and clear water are mixed according to the following ratio of 1: mixing at a volume ratio of 2.6 times, stirring for 10min, filtering with a filter screen, and collecting the filtrate to obtain diluted molasses liquid for later use.
(2) According to the following steps of 1g of vesuvianite and diluted molasses liquid: the porous vesuvianite particles are immersed in diluted molasses liquid according to the proportion of 135ml, mechanically stirred for 45min, then filtered out and collected, the vesuvianite particles are placed in an oven to be dried for 90min at 55 ℃, and after the completion, the obtained vesuvianite particles are crushed and pass through a 100-mesh screen to obtain modified vesuvianite particles for standby.
(3) The modified vesuvianite particles and the microbial powder are mixed according to a proportion of 45:7 parts by weight and stirring for 10min. The diluted molasses liquid (the addition amount of which is 14% of the total mass of the modified vesuvianite particles and microbial agent powder) was then added to carry out granulation in a granulator. And (3) continuously blowing and drying the granulated particles obtained by granulation by adopting hot air at 45 ℃ for 30min after the completion of the process, so as to obtain the microbial agent particles.
The microbial agent powder is bacillus cereus agent, bacillus mucilaginosus agent, paecilomyces lilacinus agent, rhodopseudomonas palustris agent and streptomyces microflavus agent according to the following weight ratio of 3:1.2:1.7:1:2.3 mass ratio of the mixture formed for use.
(4) The microbial agent particles prepared in the last step are prepared from wheat straw powder according to the following proportion of 25:40 parts by weight of the components are mixed uniformly, then the diluted molasses is added into a granulator for granulation, and the diluted molasses is 12.5% of the total mass of the wheat straw powder and the microbial agent particles. Mixing the obtained granules with wheat straw powder again after granulation, bonding a layer of biomass powder on the surfaces of the granules, taking out the granules, and continuously blowing and drying the granules by adopting hot air at 45 ℃ for 25min to obtain the microbial preparation.
Example 5
A preparation method of a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) Molasses and clear water are mixed according to the following ratio of 1: mixing at a volume ratio of 2.3 times, stirring for 20min, filtering with a filter screen, and collecting the filtrate to obtain diluted molasses liquid for later use.
(2) According to the following steps of 1g of vesuvianite and diluted molasses liquid: soaking porous vesuvianite particles in 150ml of diluted molasses liquid, mechanically stirring for 20min, filtering to collect vesuvianite particles, drying at 50deg.C for 120min, pulverizing, and sieving with 120 mesh sieve to obtain modified vesuvianite particles.
(3) The modified vesuvianite particles and bacillus cereus agent powder are mixed according to the following proportion of 40:6 parts by weight and stirring for 10min after mixing. Then adding the diluted molasses liquid (the addition amount of the diluted molasses liquid is 10% of the total mass of the modified vesuvianite particles and the microbial inoculum powder) and granulating in a granulator. And (3) continuously blowing and drying the granulated particles obtained by granulation by adopting hot air at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 40min after the completion of the granulation, so as to obtain bacillus cereus agent particles.
According to the method, respectively preparing microbial agent particles containing bacillus mucilaginosus agent and paecilomyces lilacinus agent for standby.
(4) The bacillus cereus agent particles, the bacillus mucilaginosus agent particles and the paecilomyces lilacinus agent particles prepared in the step (3) are mixed according to the following steps: 1.2: mixing at a mass ratio of 1.7 to obtain the microbial preparation.
Example 6
A preparation method of a microbial preparation for preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) Molasses and clear water are mixed according to the following ratio of 1: mixing at a volume ratio of 2.8 times, stirring for 10min, filtering with a filter screen, and collecting the obtained filtrate to obtain diluted molasses liquid for later use.
(2) According to the following steps of 1g of vesuvianite and diluted molasses liquid: the porous vesuvianite particles are immersed in diluted molasses liquid according to the proportion of 120ml, mechanically stirred for 60min, then filtered out and collected, the vesuvianite particles are placed in an oven to be dried at 60 ℃ for 60min, and after the completion, the obtained vesuvianite particles are crushed and pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain modified vesuvianite particles for standby.
(3) The modified vesuvianite particles and bacillus mucilaginosus agent powder are mixed according to the following proportion of 46:9 parts by weight and stirring for 15min. The diluted molasses solution (which is added in an amount of 17% of the total mass of the modified vesuvianite particles and the microbial inoculum powder) was then added to carry out granulation in a granulator. And (3) continuously blowing and drying the granulated particles obtained by granulating by adopting hot air at 43 ℃ for 35min after the completion of the granulating, so as to obtain bacillus mucilaginosus microbial inoculum particles.
According to the method, the microbial agent particles containing the streptomyces microflavus agent are prepared for standby.
(4) Uniformly mixing the wheat straw powder, the cement powder and the various microbial agent particles prepared in the previous step, and then granulating by using a granulator in a water spraying way, wherein the weight ratio of the wheat straw powder to the microbial agent particles is 26 parts: 44 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus agent particles and streptomyces microflavus agent particles in the microbial agent particles, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus agent particles to the streptomyces microflavus agent particles is 1.2:2.3. the cement powder is 12% of the total mass of the wheat straw powder and the microbial agent particles.
Mixing the obtained granules with wheat straw powder again after granulation, taking out the granules, continuously blowing and drying the granules for 20min by adopting hot air at 45 ℃, and standing for 3 days at room temperature after completion to obtain the microbial preparation.
And (3) effect test:
the microbial preparation prepared in example 1 was prepared at a rate of 0.3kg/m 2 Is applied to the soil of the test area below 5cm, then water is sprayed to soak the soil where the microbial agent is located, and peanuts are planted in the soil after half a month. The microbial preparations prepared in examples 2 to 6 above were applied to the soil, respectively, by the same method, and peanuts were planted in the corresponding soil after half a month. In addition, a blank group was set, which was the original soil in the same area as each of the above test areas, but without any microbial agent applied. The incidence of peanuts in each test area in the bud period is counted, and the peanut yield increase rate calculation results of the blank control group corresponding to the peanuts in each test area corresponding to each example are calculated after maturation are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| Morbidity/% | 3.88 | 4.53 | 7.21 | 10.07 | 13.43 | 46.69 |
| Yield increase/% | 19.37 | 17.24 | 16.12 | 12.35 | 10.74 | 0.33 |
The results show that the microbial preparations prepared in examples 1 to 3 can effectively reduce the incidence of peanuts and can effectively improve the yield of the peanuts. Examples 4 and 5 were relatively ineffective in reducing peanut morbidity and improving yield. The microbial preparation prepared by the embodiment cannot disintegrate after entering soil, cannot effectively release nutrient substances, and cannot effectively reduce the incidence rate of peanuts and improve the yield of the peanuts.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests, wherein the microbial preparation comprises a plurality of microbial agent particles coated in a disintegrating matrix; the microbial agent particles at least comprise modified vesuvianite particles, microbial agents and molasses, wherein the modified vesuvianite particles and the microbial agents are bonded into a whole under the action of the molasses, and the pores of the modified vesuvianite particles are also loaded with the microbial agents and the molasses; the disintegrating matrix is a granular substance formed by bonding at least biomass powder and molasses, each microbial agent particle contains one microbial agent with the function of preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests, and each disintegrating matrix contains not less than two microbial agents.
2. The microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the microbial preparation comprises at least two of bacillus cereus, bacillus mucilaginosus, paecilomyces lilacinus, rhodopseudomonas palustris and streptomyces microflavus.
3. A method for preparing the microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of: (1) Immersing the vesuvianite particles in diluted molasses, taking out the vesuvianite particles, drying, and crushing to obtain modified vesuvianite particles;
(2) Uniformly mixing the modified vesuvianite particles and microbial agent powder, adding diluted molasses for granulating, and drying to obtain microbial agent particles, wherein the microbial agent particles contain different types of microorganisms with the function of preventing and controlling peanut diseases and insect pests;
(3) Uniformly mixing biomass powder, diluted molasses and at least two microbial agent particles, and granulating; and mixing the obtained particles with biomass powder again after the completion, bonding a layer of biomass powder on the surfaces of the particles, and finally drying to obtain the microbial preparation.
4. A method for producing a microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the ratio of the vesuvianite particles to the diluted molasses is 1g: 120-150 ml.
5. The method for preparing a microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 4, wherein the diluted molasses is molasses liquid obtained by diluting molasses with water for 2.3-2.8 times and filtering.
6. The method for preparing a microbial agent for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the soaking time of the vesuvianite particles in the diluted molasses is 20-60 min.
7. The method for preparing a microbial agent for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours.
8. The method for preparing a microbial agent for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the particle size of the modified vesuvianite particles is 80-120 meshes.
9. The method for preparing a microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the weight ratio of the modified vesuvianite particles to the microbial agent powder is 40-46 parts: 6-9 parts of diluted molasses, wherein the diluted molasses accounts for 10-17% of the total mass of the modified vesuvianite particles and the microbial agent powder.
10. The method for preparing a microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 9, wherein the diluted molasses is molasses liquid obtained by diluting molasses with water for 2.3-2.8 times and filtering.
11. The method for producing a microbial agent for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the microbial agent comprises at least two of bacillus cereus agent, bacillus mucilaginosus agent, paecilomyces lilacinus agent, rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, and streptomyces microflavus agent.
12. The method for preparing a microbial agent for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the particle size of the microbial agent particles is 3-6 mm.
13. The method for preparing a microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the weight ratio of the biomass powder to the microbial agent particles is 20-26 parts: 37-44 parts; the diluted molasses is 12-14% of the total mass of biomass powder and microbial agent particles.
14. The method for preparing a microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 13, wherein the diluted molasses is molasses liquid obtained by diluting molasses with water for 2.3-2.8 times and filtering.
15. The method for preparing a microbial preparation for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to any one of claims 3 to 14, wherein in the step (2) and the step (3), hot air at 40-45 ℃ is adopted for blowing and drying.
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| KR100475131B1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2005-03-08 | 한국생명공학연구원 | The novel Paecilomyces genus microorganism and microbial insectcide for controlling soil pests containing the same |
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| CN103059873A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-04-24 | 咸阳非金属矿研究设计院有限公司 | Soil improvement agent capable of preventing vegetable pests and diseases and preparing method thereof |
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