CN115322030A - Complex microbial inoculant and application thereof - Google Patents

Complex microbial inoculant and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115322030A
CN115322030A CN202210757986.1A CN202210757986A CN115322030A CN 115322030 A CN115322030 A CN 115322030A CN 202210757986 A CN202210757986 A CN 202210757986A CN 115322030 A CN115322030 A CN 115322030A
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bacillus
hundred million
powder
manure
microbial inoculum
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CN115322030B (en
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魏浩
金晶
张志鹏
王莹
邓祖科
彭启超
黄德龙
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Beijing Century Amms Biological Engineering Co ltd
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Beijing Century Amms Biological Engineering Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • C12R2001/10—Bacillus licheniformis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of microbial products, and particularly discloses a composite microbial agent and application thereof, wherein the composite microbial agent comprises a microbial powder, an organic material and mineral substances; wherein the microbial powder comprises bacteria; the bacteria comprise bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amylovorans; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.24736, and the preservation number of the bacillus amylovora is CGMCC No.24739. The compound microbial inoculum is used for decomposing the excrement, so that the decomposition speed of the excrement can be increased, the decomposition degree of the excrement can be increased, pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs in the excrement can be killed, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

Complex microbial inoculant and application thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of microbial products, in particular to a composite microbial inoculum and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous increase of large-scale and intensive livestock and poultry farms, the discharge amount of excrement of livestock and poultry is gradually increased, and if corresponding treatment is not carried out, pollution is caused, and adverse effects are brought to the surrounding environment and the lives of residents.
In fact, feces contain abundant organic substances and a large amount of various nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like which are necessary for the growth of crops. If the excrement is applied to the farmland after being subjected to proper fermentation treatment, the method has important effects on enhancing the continuous productivity of the soil, improving the structure of the soil and improving the fertility of the soil.
However, the traditional livestock manure compost has great potential harm due to incomplete decomposition or poor harmless effect. A large amount of pathogenic bacteria such as coprophilous escherichia coli, salmonella, shigella and the like and parasite ova such as roundworms and the like exist in livestock and poultry excrement, if effective harmless treatment cannot be carried out, the propagation of pathogens can be caused, not only can the crop diseases be caused, the growth of the crops can be influenced, but also the human health is more likely to be influenced. In addition, if the livestock manure organic fertilizer which is not fermented enough is applied to the soil, the fermentation of the organic fertilizer is restarted when fermentation conditions are met, oxygen, organic substances and the like in the soil are consumed in the microbial metabolism process, and the growth of crops is inhibited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the decomposition efficiency of excrement and promote the germination and growth of crops, the application provides the compound microbial inoculum and the application thereof, the compound microbial inoculum contains various microorganisms, can carry out catabolism on the excrement, accelerates the decomposition speed, improves the decomposition degree, has small toxic action on the prepared organic fertilizer, obviously improves the germination index of seeds, promotes the growth of crops, and meets the standard of NY/T525-2021.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a complex microbial inoculant, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a composite microbial inoculum comprises a microbial powder, an organic matter and a mineral substance;
wherein the microbial powder comprises bacteria;
the bacteria comprise bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amylovorus;
the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.24736;
the preservation number of the Bacillus amylovorus is CGMCC No.24739.
In the application, the Bacillus licheniformis is Bacillus licheniformis 3-1, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 21.4.2022 at the address of No. 3 of Xilu No.1 of Beijing Kogyo Chaoyang area in Beijing, the zip code is 100101, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24736.
In the application, the Bacillus amylovorus is Bacillus amylovorus J2-5, which is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 21.4.2022 at the address of No. 3 of Xilu No.1 of Chao district of Chaozhou city, the postal code is 100101, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.24739.
In the application, the Bacillus licheniformis 3-1 and the Bacillus amylovorans J2-5 are obtained by gradient heating screening from chicken manure compost, can carry out normal physiological metabolism in a high-temperature environment of 60-75 ℃ and decompose manure, and when the Bacillus licheniformis 3-1 and the Bacillus amylovorans J2-5 are applied to the decomposition of manure, when the temperature of a pile exceeds 50 ℃ and most microorganisms cannot carry out normal physiological activities, the Bacillus licheniformis 3-1 and the Bacillus amylovorans J2-5 can still decompose the manure, so that the decomposition speed is greatly accelerated, the decomposition degree is improved, the harmless germination treatment of the manure is promoted, the concentration of the prepared salt ions is proper, the fertilizer effect is small, the toxic hazard and the growth of crops can be promoted, the germination index of seeds is high, and the application value is high.
In the application, the culture temperature of the Bacillus licheniformis 3-1 is 60-70 ℃, the culture temperature of the Bacillus thermophage Bacillus amylovorans J2-5 is 65-75 ℃, and when the combination of the two bacteria is adopted, the excrement can be efficiently decomposed within the temperature range of 60-75 ℃, and compared with the case that any one of the strains is singly adopted, the excrement is decomposed more quickly and more thoroughly by using the two strains.
In the application, the germination index of the seeds is an activity index of the seeds, the determination mode refers to the specification in NY/T525-2021, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
F＝(A 1 ×A 2 /B 1 ×B 2 )×100％，
wherein, F-seed germination index (%);
A 1 -the percentage (%) of the number of germinated seeds in the seeds cultivated with the leaching solution of the organic fertilizer relative to the total number of seeds introduced;
A 2 -average root length value (mm) of all seeds cultivated with leaching solution of organic fertilizer;
B 1 -the percentage (%) of germinated kernels in water-cultured seeds to the total number of deposited kernels;
B 2 average root length values (mm) for all seeds in water culture.
The germination index of the seeds can comprehensively reflect the toxicity of the compost to plants, can be used for evaluating the maturity of compost products, and has the advantages of sensitivity and reliability. Typically, the germination index of the seeds is greater than 70%, i.e., the compost is considered substantially non-toxic to the seeds. And the composite microbial inoculum in the application is adopted to decompose the excrement and prepare the organic fertilizer by utilizing the decomposed excrement. The experimental analysis shows that the germination index of the seeds measured by using the organic fertilizer for 30 days in the compost can reach more than 80 percent, and the organic fertilizer has no toxic action on crops and has value in practical agricultural production.
In the application, the microbial powder is a mixture of multiple microbial powders, and the microbial powders are prepared by using a microbial culture solution.
Preferably, the bacteria further include bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus brevis.
Preferably, the microbial powder further comprises a fungus.
Preferably, the fungi include saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum.
In the application, microorganisms (such as bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and the like) in the microbial powder can also secrete various biological enzymes such as cellulase, protease, lipase, amylase and the like, so that the degradation of substances is promoted, and the decomposition speed is accelerated; part of microorganisms (such as saccharomyces cerevisiae and the like) secrete organic acid in the metabolic process, so that the volatilization of ammonia can be reduced, and the pungent peculiar smell in the decomposing process can be reduced; the addition of the above microorganisms can also exert antagonistic action on harmful bacteria in feces, thereby inhibiting their growth.
During the composting process, the temperature of the compost changes, so that part of microorganisms can not carry out normal physiological metabolism when the temperature is not suitable, and even die. In the application, the temperature at which the microorganisms in the microbial powder can carry out physiological metabolism is in gradient distribution between 35 ℃ and 75 ℃, so that when the temperature of a stack changes, partial microorganisms can still digest excrement at different temperatures, the digestion speed is increased, and the digestion degree is increased. In addition, 2 thermophilic bacillus licheniformis and thermophilic bacillus amylovora are added into the microbial agent, so that the decomposition effect can be still realized when the temperature exceeds 50 ℃ and most microorganisms cannot perform physiological metabolism, and the high temperature generated in the composting process can also effectively kill pathogenic bacteria and ova in excrement, further reduce the toxic action of the fertilizer and provide a better environment for the growth of crops.
In some specific embodiments, the weight percentage of the microbial powder in the composite microbial inoculum is 20% to 30%, or 30% to 40%, and the like.
In a specific embodiment, the weight percentage of the microbial powder in the composite microbial inoculum is 20%, 30% or 40%.
In some specific embodiments, the weight percentage of the organic material in the composite microbial inoculum is 20% to 30%, or 30% to 40%, and the like.
In a specific embodiment, the weight percentage of the organic material in the composite microbial inoculum is 20%, 30% or 40% and the like.
In some specific embodiments, the weight percentage of the mineral in the complex microbial inoculum is 40% to 45%, or 45% to 50%, and the like.
In a specific embodiment, the weight percentage of the mineral in the composite microbial inoculum is 40%, 45%, 50% or the like.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the composite microbial inoculum comprises 20-40% of microbial powder, 20-40% of organic materials and 40-50% of mineral substances in percentage by weight.
Preferably, the organic material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of rice bran, wheat straw powder and corncob powder.
Preferably, the organic material is a mixture of rice bran and corncob meal, and the weight percentage of the corncob meal in the mixture is 50% -100%, for example, 50%, 65%, 80%, 100%, 50% -65%, 50% -80%, 50% -100%, 65% -80%, 65% -100%, 80% -100%, or the like.
In the application, the organic material contains a large number of micropores, the specific surface area is large, and a place is provided for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms. Meanwhile, the organic materials can also provide substances such as nitrogen sources, carbon sources and the like required by living metabolism for the physiological metabolism of microorganisms.
Preferably, the mineral substance comprises any one of zeolite powder, diatomaceous earth and light calcium carbonate or a combination of at least two of them.
Preferably, the mineral substance is zeolite powder.
In the application, the mineral substances contain trace elements required by the physiological metabolism of microorganisms, so that the survival and the propagation of the microorganisms can be promoted, and the life vitality of the strains can be improved.
Preferably, in the composite microbial inoculum, the effective viable count of each bacterium and each fungus is not less than 0.02 hundred million/g.
In some particular embodiments, in the composite powder, the effective viable count of each bacterium and each fungus is 0.06-0.09 hundred million/g, 0.06-0.1 hundred million/g, 0.06-0.15 hundred million/g, 0.06-0.2 hundred million/g, 0.06-0.3 hundred million/g, 0.06-0.45 hundred million/g, 0.06-1.2 hundred million/g, 0.09-0.1 hundred million/g, 0.09-0.15 hundred million/g, 0.09-0.2 hundred million/g, 0.09-0.3 hundred million/g, 0.09-0.45 hundred million/g, 0.09-1 hundred million/g, 0.09-1.2 hundred million/g, 0.1-0.15 hundred million/g, 0.1-0.2 hundred million/g 0.1-0.3 hundred million/g, 0.1-0.45 hundred million/g, 0.1-1 hundred million/g, 0.1-1.2 hundred million/g, 0.15-0.2 hundred million/g, 0.15-0.3 hundred million/g, 0.15-0.45 hundred million/g, 0.15-1.2 hundred million/g, 0.2-0.3 hundred million/g, 0.2-0.45 hundred million/g, 0.2-1.2 hundred million/g, 0.3-0.45 hundred million/g, 0.3-1 hundred million/g, 0.3-1.2 hundred million/g, 0.45-1 hundred million/g, 0.45-1.2 hundred million/g, or 1-1.2 hundred million/g.
In a specific embodiment, the effective viable count of each bacterium and each fungus in the composite microbial inoculum is 0.06 hundred million/g, 0.09 million/g, 0.1 million/g, 0.15 million/g, 0.2 million/g, 0.3 million/g, 0.45 million/g, 1 million/g or 1.2 million/g, and the like.
Preferably, in the composite microbial inoculum, the total effective viable count of bacteria and fungi is not less than 2.5 hundred million/g.
In some specific embodiments, the total effective viable count of bacteria and fungi in the complex microbial inoculum is 2.5-3 hundred million/g, 2.5-3.75 hundred million/g, 2.5-4 hundred million/g, 2.5-4.5 hundred million/g, 2.5-5 hundred million/g, 3-3.75 hundred million/g, 3-4.5 hundred million/g, 3-5 hundred million/g, 3.75-4 hundred million/g, 3.75-4.5 hundred million/g, 3.75-5 hundred million/g, 4-4.5 hundred million/g, 4-5 hundred million/g or 4.5-5 hundred million/g, etc.
In a specific embodiment, the total effective viable count of bacteria and fungi in the composite microbial inoculum is 2.5 hundred million/g, 3 hundred million/g, 3.75 hundred million/g, 4 hundred million/g, 4.5 hundred million/g or 5 hundred million/g, and the like.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, in the composite microbial agent, the effective viable count of bacteria sequentially comprises 1.2 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis, 0.3 hundred million/g of bacillus megaterium, 0.3 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.3 hundred million/g of bacillus brevis laterosporus, 0.45 hundred million/g of bacillus licheniformis and 0.45 hundred million/g of bacillus amylovorus.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the effective viable count of fungi in the compound microbial inoculum is 0.06 hundred million/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0.15 hundred million/g of aspergillus oryzae, 0.09 hundred million/g of aspergillus niger and 0.45 hundred million/g of sporotrichum thermophilum in sequence.
In the application, compared with the existing decomposing inoculant, the composite inoculant has the advantages that the number of added thalli is less, the decomposing efficiency is equivalent to that of the existing decomposing inoculant, even a better effect is generated, the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, the production cost is reduced, and conditions are created for large-scale use of the composite inoculant.
In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of the complex microbial inoculant, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
weighing the microbial powder, the organic materials and the mineral substances, and mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
In a third aspect, the application provides the application of the complex microbial inoculum of the first aspect in manure decomposition.
Preferably, the manure comprises chicken manure and/or pig manure.
Compared with livestock animals such as cow dung, sheep dung and the like, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the chicken manure and the pig manure is higher, and the temperature rising speed in the composting process is slower, so the decomposition speed is also slower. The application optimizes the types of microorganisms in the composite microbial inoculum, and the composite microbial inoculum also has a good decomposition effect on chicken manure and pig manure, is high in decomposition speed and high in decomposition degree.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the composite bacterial preparation to the excrement is (1-5): 1000.
In some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of the composite microbial inoculum to the excrement is (1-2): 1000 or (2-5): 1000, and the like.
In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the complex microbial inoculum to feces is 1.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a method for decomposing feces, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of manure composting comprising: and decomposing the feces by using the compound microbial inoculum of the first aspect.
Preferably, the method of manure composting comprises:
mixing the excrement and the composite microbial inoculum, heating to the temperature of the reactor, turning the reactor regularly, and aging.
In the application, the water content of the excrement is controlled to be 50% -65%.
In some particular embodiments, the moisture of the stool is 50% to 55%, 50% to 60%, 50% to 65%, 55% to 60%, 55% to 65%, or 60% to 65%, etc.
In a particular embodiment, the moisture of the stool is 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or the like.
In the present application, the reactor temperature is 45-55 ℃.
In some specific embodiments, the stack temperature is 45 to 48 ℃, 45 to 53 ℃, 48 to 55 ℃, or 53 to 55 ℃, etc.
In a specific embodiment, the stack temperature is 45 ℃, 48 ℃, 53 ℃ or 55 ℃ or the like.
In a fifth aspect, the application provides an organic fertilizer, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an organic fertilizer, which comprises the manure decomposed product prepared by the manure decomposition method of the fourth aspect.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the composite microbial inoculum contains bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amylophaga, both of which are thermophilic bacterial strains, and can decompose excrement at the high temperature of 60-75 ℃, so that the decomposition effect can be ensured when the temperature exceeds 50 ℃ and most microorganisms cannot perform physiological metabolism, and the decomposition effect under the high temperature environment is also favorable for killing harmful bacteria and parasite eggs in the excrement, and further the toxic action is reduced.
2. The microbial species in the composite microbial inoculum are allocated, so that the temperature at which the microbes can carry out physiological metabolism is in gradient distribution between 35 ℃ and 75 ℃, and the condition that the temperature of a pile body is changed is ensured, even if part of microbes can thoroughly decompose excrement at different temperatures, so that the thoroughly decomposing efficiency is improved, and the thoroughly decomposing degree is increased.
3. The application can secrete various biological enzymes including cellulase, protease, lipase and amylase by adding various microorganisms to promote the decomposing process; through the mutual cooperation of the microorganisms, the microorganisms play an antagonistic role on pathogenic microorganisms, thereby inhibiting the normal physiological metabolism of the microorganisms.
4. The addition of microorganisms in the composite microbial inoculum is lower than that of the conventional decomposing microbial inoculum, but the decomposing effect which is similar to or even better than that of the conventional decomposing microbial inoculum can be achieved, the utilization rate of raw material bacteria is high, the production cost is low, and the popularization and the use of related products are promoted.
5. The manure decomposed by the compound microbial inoculum has high decomposition degree and small toxic action, meets the NY/T525-2021 standard, can improve the physicochemical property of soil and promote the germination and growth of crops; the germination index of the seeds is high, and the germination index of the seeds measured by the organic fertilizer composted for 30 days can reach over 80 percent, even 93.5 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of temperature changes during the process of decomposition of chicken manure decomposed using the complex microbial inoculum prepared in examples 1-4.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of changes in the salt ion concentration during the process of decomposition of chicken manure decomposed using the complex microbial agents prepared in examples 1 to 4.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of measurement of the germination index of seeds of chicken manure decomposed using the complex microbial agents prepared in examples 1 to 4.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the results of measuring the yield of canola plants to which fertilizers of different treatment groups were applied.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the measurement results of the height of Brassica napus plants to which various treatment group fertilizers were applied.
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the results of measuring the main root length of Brassica napus to which fertilizers of different treatment groups were applied.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of the fresh weight of canola roots to which fertilizers of different treatment groups were applied.
FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the measurement results of the dry weight of the roots of Brassica napus to which fertilizers of different treatment groups were applied.
Detailed Description
The application provides a composite microbial inoculum which comprises, by weight, 20% -40% of microbial powder, 20% -40% of organic materials and 40% -50% of mineral substances;
wherein the microbial powder comprises bacteria, and the bacteria comprise bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amylovorus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus;
wherein the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.24736;
the preservation number of the Bacillus amylovorus is CGMCC No.24739.
Specifically, the microbial powder also comprises fungi, wherein the fungi comprise saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum.
Specifically, the organic material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of rice bran, wheat straw powder and corncob powder.
Specifically, the mineral substance comprises any one or combination of at least two of zeolite powder, diatomite and light calcium carbonate.
Specifically, in the composite microbial inoculum, the effective viable count of each bacterium and each fungus is not less than 0.02 hundred million/g, and the total effective viable count of the bacterium and the fungus is not less than 2.5 hundred million/g.
The application also provides a preparation method of the complex microbial inoculant, which comprises the following steps:
weighing microbial powder, organic materials and mineral substances, and mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
The present application also provides a method of manure composting comprising:
the composite microbial inoculum and the excrement are mixed according to the weight ratio of (1-5) to 1000, wherein the water content of the excrement is 50-65%, and the mixture is subjected to high-temperature composting after being uniformly mixed, wherein the height of the excrement pile is more than 0.7m, and the ambient temperature is more than 20 ℃.
After the temperature of the pile is increased to 45-55 ℃, the pile is turned for 1 time every 2 days for 30 days.
After aging, the chicken manure is thoroughly decomposed.
The application also provides an organic fertilizer which comprises the excrement decomposed substance prepared by the excrement decomposed method.
The technical scheme of the present application is further described below with reference to examples 1 to 5, comparative examples 1 to 8, and accompanying drawings 1 to 8.
Example 1
This example provides a composite microbial inoculum, which comprises 20kg of microbial powder (provided by am bioengineering limited in beijing century), 30kg of corncob powder (provided by am bioengineering limited in beijing century) and 50kg of zeolite powder (provided by am bioengineering limited in beijing century).
The microbial powder comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amylovorus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum, wherein the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.24736, and the preservation number of the thermophilic sporotrichum is CGMCC No.24739.
In the composite microbial agent, the effective viable count of microorganisms is 1 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus megaterium, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus laterosporus, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus licheniformis, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus amylovorus, 0.1 hundred million/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0.1 hundred million/g of aspergillus oryzae, 0.1 hundred million/g of aspergillus niger and 0.2 hundred million/g of sporotrichum thermophilum in sequence, and the total effective viable count is 2.5 hundred million/g.
Weighing the microbial powder, the corncob powder and the zeolite powder, and mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
When the compound microbial inoculum prepared by the embodiment is used, the weight ratio of the compound microbial inoculum to excrement is 1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a composite microbial inoculum which comprises 20kg of microbial powder (purchased from Ames bioengineering limited company in Beijing century), 35kg of corncob powder and 45kg of zeolite powder in percentage by weight.
The microbial powder comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amylovorus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum, wherein the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.24736, and the preservation number of the thermophilic amylobacillus amylovorus is CGMCC No.24739.
In the composite powder, the effective viable count of microorganisms is 1 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus megaterium, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus laterosporus, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus licheniformis, 0.2 hundred million/g of bacillus thermophage, 0.1 hundred million/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0.1 hundred million/g of aspergillus oryzae, 0.1 hundred million/g of aspergillus niger and 0.2 hundred million/g of sporotrichum thermophilum in sequence, and the total effective viable count is 2.5 hundred million/g.
Weighing the microbial powder, the corncob powder and the zeolite powder, and mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
When the compound microbial inoculum prepared by the embodiment is used, the weight ratio of the compound microbial inoculum to excrement is 2.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a composite microbial inoculum which comprises 30kg of microbial powder (purchased from Ames bioengineering company, inc. in Beijing century), 40kg of corncob powder and 30kg of zeolite powder in percentage by weight.
The microbial powder comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amylovorus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum, wherein the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.24736, and the preservation number of the thermophilic amylobacillus amylovorus is CGMCC No.24739.
In the composite powder, the effective viable count of the microorganism is 1.2 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis, 0.3 hundred million/g of bacillus megaterium, 0.3 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.3 hundred million/g of bacillus laterosporus, 0.45 hundred million/g of bacillus licheniformis, 0.45 hundred million/g of bacillus amylovorus, 0.06 hundred million/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0.15 hundred million/g of aspergillus oryzae, 0.09 hundred million/g of aspergillus niger and 0.45 hundred million/g of lateral spore mould thermophile in sequence, and the total effective viable count is 3.75 hundred million/g.
Weighing the microbial powder, the corncob powder and the zeolite powder, and mixing to obtain the composite microbial agent.
When the compound microbial inoculum prepared by the embodiment is used, the weight ratio of the compound microbial inoculum to excrement is 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a composite microbial inoculum which comprises 30kg of microbial powder (purchased from Ames bioengineering company, inc. in Beijing century), 25kg of corncob powder and 45kg of zeolite powder in percentage by weight.
The microbial powder comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amylovorus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum, wherein the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.24736, and the preservation number of the thermophilic amylobacillus amylovorus is CGMCC No.24739.
In the composite powder, the effective viable count of microorganisms is 1.2 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis, 0.3 hundred million/g of bacillus megaterium, 0.3 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.3 hundred million/g of bacillus laterosporus, 0.45 hundred million/g of bacillus licheniformis, 0.45 hundred million/g of bacillus amylovorus, 0.06 hundred million/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0.15 hundred million/g of aspergillus oryzae, 0.09 hundred million/g of aspergillus niger and 0.45 hundred million/g of sporotrichum thermophilum in sequence, and the total effective viable count is 3.75 hundred million/g.
Weighing the microbial powder, the corncob powder and the zeolite powder, and mixing to obtain the composite microbial agent.
When the compound microbial inoculum prepared by the embodiment is used, the weight ratio of the compound microbial inoculum to excrement is 2.
Effect detection one
1. The chicken manure is decomposed by using the compound microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiment 1-4, and the steps are as follows:
the composite microbial inoculum and the excrement are mixed according to the corresponding weight ratio, wherein the water content of the excrement is 50-65%, high-temperature composting is carried out after uniform mixing, the height of the excrement pile is more than 0.7m, and the environmental temperature is more than 20 ℃.
After the temperature of the pile is raised to 50 ℃, the pile is turned for 1 time every 2 days for 30 days.
After aging, the chicken manure is thoroughly decomposed, and the decomposed chicken manure has the advantages of low heap temperature, loose materials and no material original odor.
The temperature change of the chicken manure during the decomposition process is detected, the temperature of the compost is measured every day after composting, and the room temperature every day is recorded, and the result is shown in figure 1.
Detecting the change of the salt ion concentration of the chicken manure in the decomposing process, taking 10g of fresh sample in a conical flask after 1 st, 3 rd, 6 th, 9 th, 12 th, 15 th, 18 th, 21 th, 24 th, 27 th and 30 th days of composting, adding 10mL of distilled water, mixing and stirring for 0.5h. The supernatant was extracted and measured using a conductivity meter, and the results are shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 1 is a picture showing the results of temperature changes during the process of decomposition of chicken manure decomposed using the complex microbial agents prepared in examples 1 to 4.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of changes in the salt ion concentration during the process of decomposition of chicken manure decomposed using the complex microbial agents prepared in examples 1 to 4.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the temperature changes of the chicken droppings of the groups of examples 1 to 4 all tend to rise first and then fall during the process of decomposition. The temperature of the reactor is over 50 ℃ on the 2 nd day after the manure of each group is thoroughly decomposed; the highest temperature which can be reached by the stack temperature is above 60 ℃ and even exceeds 70 ℃ (example 4); the duration of the temperature of the reactor exceeding 50 ℃ is within 12 to 14 days. The chicken manure in the groups of the embodiments 1 to 4 has long high-temperature duration time, can reach high temperature, is beneficial to improving the decomposition speed and increasing the decomposition degree, and has a certain effect on killing harmful bacteria and eggs in the manure. The feces using the composite microbial inoculum of the embodiment 4 are heated most quickly, and the highest temperature can be reached.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the salt ion concentrations of the chicken droppings of the groups of examples 1 to 4 all show a tendency of rising first and then falling in the process of decomposition. The salt ion concentration of the soil solution is directly related to the solute concentration, generally, the salt ion concentration of the fertilizer is considered to be favorable for the growth of crops, and if the salt ion concentration is too high, the concentration of the soil solution is higher than the cell sap concentration of root cells of the crops, so that the crops cannot absorb water and inorganic salts in the soil, and even the water at the roots flows back to the soil, so that the seedling burning phenomenon occurs. It can be seen that after 30 days of decomposition, the salt ion concentrations of the feces of the 4 groups are all below 3mS/cm, which shows that the compound bacteria of the 4 groups have good decomposition efficiency, the decomposed feces have high decomposition degree, and no adverse factor is caused to the growth of crops, wherein particularly the salt ion concentration of the feces of the embodiment 4 group has the fastest reduction speed and the lowest concentration.
Compared with the groups of the embodiments 1 to 3, the group of the embodiment 4 has longer duration of high temperature and higher highest temperature, is beneficial to promoting the compost maturity and killing pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs, has lower concentration of salt ions of the organic fertilizer after composting, and has promotion effect on seed germination and crop growth.
2. The degree of decomposition and properties of the chicken manure decomposed by using the complex microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 are detected, and the detection specifically comprises the measurement of a seed germination index, the measurement of ascarid egg death rate and the measurement of a fecal coliform group number.
Determination of seed germination index
Taking 10g of fresh chicken manure samples which are 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 days in sequence of rotten days, putting the chicken manure samples into a conical flask, adding distilled water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1.
Putting the double-layer filter paper into a culture plate, then uniformly adding the standing supernatant onto the filter paper of the plate, preferably allowing the supernatant to permeate the double-layer filter paper, and finally adding 10 prepared rape seeds. Culturing at 25 deg.C under dark condition for 48h. The number of the germinated seeds was counted, and the length of the main root was measured one by a vernier caliper, and repeated 3 times with sterile water as a control. The calculation formula is as follows:
seed Germination Index (GI) = (sample treatment group seed germination rate × seed root length)/(water sample control group seed germination rate × seed root length) × 100%.
The measurement results of the germination index of seeds are shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the germination index of the seeds of the chicken manure samples after being decomposed by using the complex microbial inoculum of examples 1-4 tends to be continuously improved along with the prolongation of the decomposition time, which indicates that the decomposition degree of the manure is gradually improved along with the prolongation of the decomposition time, and the germination index of the seeds of the chicken manure samples after being decomposed by using the complex microbial inoculum of examples 1-4 can reach more than 80% after being decomposed for 30 days, which is higher than the specification of NY/T525-2021, and indicates that the toxicity of the treated chicken manure samples is extremely low, the toxic action on crops is small, and the chicken manure samples have important application value. Among them, the feces of example 4 had the highest germination index.
Fecal coliform population determination
The assay was performed according to standard methods in NY 525-2012.
Determination of mortality of roundworm eggs
The assay was performed according to standard methods in NY 525-2012.
The results of measuring the fecal coliform number and the ascarid egg mortality of the treated chicken manure samples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 number of fecal coliform bacteria and ascarid egg mortality
Group of Fecal coliform number (number/g) Death rate (%) of roundworm egg
Example 1 96±4.5a 72±2.8d
Example 2 75±6.1b 85±3.6c
Example 3 43±4.6c 92±1.7b
Example 4 12±2.2d 99±0.8a
As can be seen from Table 1, the numbers of faecal coliform groups in the chicken manure after being decomposed by using the complex microbial inoculum in the examples 1-4 are all reduced, most roundworm eggs are dead, so that the adverse effect on the growth of crops can be reduced, and the transmission and infection of pathogens can be reduced. Compared with the examples 1 to 3, the manure coliform group number in the manure after the decomposition by using the composite microbial inoculum of the example 4 is the lowest, the ascarid mortality rate is the highest, and the prepared organic fertilizer product is safer and has important effects on the growth of crops and the improvement and protection of soil microbial environment.
3. The improvement effect of the decomposed chicken manure on the soil by using the complex microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiment 4 is evaluated, and the improvement effect specifically comprises evaluation of the improvement effect of physicochemical properties and evaluation of the growth promotion effect of crops.
Evaluation of physicochemical Property improvement Effect
5 treatment groups were set up, 10m per experimental area 2 Each treatment group was provided with 3 repeating groups, and group classification was performed at random. The original condition of soil nutrients is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 original conditions of soil nutrients
Organic matter (g/kg) Basic hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/kg) Available phosphorus (mg/kg) Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) pH value
25.25 243.68 159.82 135.12 6.8
The first group is treated without applying any fertilizer, the second group is treated with applying conventional fertilizer (i.e. chemical fertilizer), the third to fifth groups are treated by respectively reducing the total amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer applied by 20 percent (the third group is treated), 30 percent (the fourth group is treated) and 40 percent (the fifth group is treated) on the basis of the conventional fertilizer application (the second group is treated), chicken manure organic fertilizer with the same amount as the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer reduced is applied, and calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate are used for leveling phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.
The nutrient contents of the chicken manure organic fertilizer decomposed by using the compound microbial inoculum in the embodiment 4 are 2% of nitrogen, 2% of phosphorus pentoxide and 1.5% of potassium oxide, the nutrient contents of the conventional fertilizer are 46% of urea, 12% of calcium superphosphate and 50% of potassium sulfate, the total amount of the added nutrients of each treatment group is ensured to be the same finally after blending, and the specific fertilizing amount is shown in table 3.
The fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, ploughed and covered with soil after being spread, and no fertilizer is added in the later period.
TABLE 3 fertilizing amount of different treatment groups
Group of Organic fertilizer (kg/hm) 2 ) Urea (kg/hm) 2 ) Superphosphate (kg/hm) 2 ) Potassium sulfate (kg/hm) 2 )
Processing a group 0 0 0 0
Processing two groups 0 489 1875 450
Treating three groups 2250 391.2 1500 382.5
Treating four groups 3375 342.3 1312.5 348.75
Processing five groups 4500 293.4 1125 315
Detecting the physicochemical property of the soil after fertilization, wherein the content of organic matters is measured by a potassium dichromate volumetric method; determining the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; sodium bicarbonate leaching-molybdenum-antimony anti-colorimetric method is adopted to determine the content of available phosphorus; the content of the quick-acting potassium is determined by adopting an ammonium acetate leaching-flame photometry method. Each treatment group was repeated 3 times and the average was taken as the final result. The measurement results of the above substances are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 improvement of soil nutrients by different treatment groups
Group of Organic matter (g/kg) Basic hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/kg) Available phosphorus (mg/kg) Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg)
Processing a group 25.22±0.03d 195.36±0.56e 138.82±0.82d 118.57±1.04d
Processing two groups 25.34±0.15d 457.19±2.87a 346.22±1.53a 273.86±1.21a
Treating three groups 30.26±0.76c 368.28±1.49b 326.18±0.59b 231.32±1.68b
Treating four groups 34.48±0.87b 351.12±0.96c 322.13±1.86b 229.68±3.81b
Treatment ofFive groups 38.79±0.47a 335.48±1.96d 293.15±1.05c 214.54±2.25c
As can be seen from Table 4, the use of the chicken manure organic fertilizer to replace part of the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve the content of organic matters in the soil and reduce the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil. With the increase of the using amount of the chicken manure organic fertilizer, the organic matter of the soil is continuously improved, and on the contrary, the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil are reduced. The application of the chicken manure organic fertilizer has the effect of improving the soil property, and has important effects of improving the activity of microorganisms in the soil and relieving the soil hardening state.
Evaluation of growth promoting action of crop
The growth promoting effect of the fertilizer on crops was evaluated by using canola as a test object.
The rape seeds are cultured by using the fertilizers of the groups and matured after 75 days.
Randomly selecting 10 small rapes in each area, weighing the fresh weight of the small rapes, and calculating the yield; separating roots and leaves from the stem of the plant, and measuring the plant height and the main root length of the plant by using a vernier caliper; weighing the roots, placing the roots in an aluminum box, placing the roots in an oven, and drying the roots to constant weight at 50 ℃ to weigh the dry weight of the roots; the blade was used for quality determination.
The results are shown in FIGS. 4 to 8.
Fig. 4 is a picture of the measurement results of the yield of the small rape, fig. 5 is a picture of the measurement results of the plant height of the small rape, fig. 6 is a picture of the measurement results of the main root length of the small rape, fig. 7 is a picture of the measurement results of the fresh weight of the roots of the small rape, and fig. 8 is a picture of the measurement results of the dry weight of the roots of the small rape.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the yield of the brassica napus was significantly improved in the three groups treated compared to the two groups treated with the fertilizer alone, while the yields were not significantly changed in the four groups and the five groups treated. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the plant heights were significantly increased for the three groups treated, while the plant heights were not significantly changed for the four groups and the five groups compared to the canola plants treated for the two groups. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the length of the rape roots treated by the three-five groups is not obviously changed from that of the rape roots treated by the two groups; as can be seen from FIG. 8, the dry weight of the rape roots treated by three groups to five groups has no obvious change with that of the rape roots treated by two groups, which shows that the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer has no obvious influence on the root length and dry weight of the rape roots. However, comparing the data in fig. 7, it can be seen that the fresh root weights of the brassica napus treated in the three groups and the brassica napus treated in the four groups are significantly higher than those of the two groups, while the fresh root weights of the brassica napus treated in the five groups are not significantly different from those of the two groups.
The results are combined, and the fact that the chicken manure organic fertilizer is used for replacing an inorganic nitrogen fertilizer can improve the plant height, the fresh weight and the yield of the rape to a certain extent, but has no significant promotion effect on the root length and the dry weight of the roots, the organic fertilizer replacement proportion is very important for promoting the growth of the rape, the promotion effect is most significant when the replacement proportion is 20%, the promotion effect on the growth of the rape is not significant when the replacement proportion of 30% and 40% is selected, and the reason probably is that when the organic fertilizer concentration is too high, the absorption of the rape on moisture and mineral substances is influenced, and the effect similar to 'seedling burning' is generated. Therefore, in actual use, the application concentration of the corresponding organic fertilizer needs to be determined according to specific conditions.
Example 5
The present example provides a composite microbial inoculum, which is different from example 4 only in that, in the present example, the microbial powder does not contain fungi, the deficient effective viable count is supplemented with 1.25 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis, 0.25 hundred million/g of bacillus megaterium, 0.25 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.25 hundred million/g of bacillus laterosporus, 0.25 hundred million/g of bacillus licheniformis and 0.25 hundred million/g of bacillus amylovorus, and the rest components and addition amount are the same as example 4.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a composite microbial inoculum, and only differs from the example 4 in that in the comparative example, the bacillus licheniformis with the preservation number of CGMCC No.17255 (the culture temperature of the strain is 35-37 ℃) is used for replacing the bacillus licheniformis in the microbial powder, and the other components and the addition amount are the same as the example 4.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a composite microbial inoculum, and only differs from the example 4 in that in the comparative example, the bacillus licheniformis with the preservation number of CGMCC No.13531 (the culture temperature of the strain is 50 ℃) is used for replacing the bacillus licheniformis in the microbial powder, and the other components and the addition amount are the same as the example 4.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a composite microbial inoculum, which is only different from the example 4 in that in the comparative example, bacillus amylovorus with the preservation number of CGMCC No.6153 (the culture temperature of the strain is 45-55 ℃) is used for replacing the bacillus amylovorus in the microbial powder, and the rest components and the addition amount are the same as the example 4.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example provides a composite microbial inoculum, which is only different from the example 4 in that in the comparative example, the Bacillus amylovorus with the preservation number of CGMCC No.19551 (the culture temperature of the strain is 50-60 ℃) is used for replacing the Bacillus amylovorus in the microbial powder, and the rest components and the addition amount are the same as the example 4.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example provides a composite microbial inoculum which is different from example 4 only in that the microbial powder does not contain bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amylovorus, the number of the lacking effective viable bacteria is 1.25 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis, 0.25 hundred million/g of bacillus megaterium, 0.25 hundred million/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and 0.25 hundred million/g of bacillus laterosporus, and the rest components and the addition amount are the same as example 4.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example provides a composite microbial inoculum, and is different from example 4 only in that the microbial inoculum does not contain bacteria, the lacking effective viable count is supplemented with 2 hundred million/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 hundred million/g of aspergillus oryzae, 2 hundred million/g of aspergillus niger and 4 hundred million/g of sporotrichum thermophilum, and the rest components and the addition amount are the same as example 4.
Comparative example 7
The comparison example provides a commercially available composite microbial inoculum, the types of microorganisms in the composite microbial inoculum are bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus niger, and the number of effective viable bacteria in the composite microbial inoculum is 10 hundred million/g.
When the composite bacterial agent in the comparative example is used, the weight ratio of the composite bacterial agent to the excrement is 2.
Comparative example 8
The comparison example provides a commercial compound microbial inoculum, the types of microorganisms in the compound microbial inoculum are bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactococcus lactis and aspergillus oryzae, and the number of effective viable bacteria in the compound microbial inoculum is 5 hundred million/g.
When the compound microbial inoculum in the comparative example is used, the weight ratio of the compound microbial inoculum to the excrement is 2.
Effect detection two
The chicken manure is decomposed by using the compound microbial inoculum prepared in the examples 4 to 5 and the comparative examples 1 to 8, the weight ratio of the compound microbial inoculum to the manure is 2.
TABLE 5 results of examining the degree of rotten and properties of chicken manure after 30 days of treatment with the complex microbial agents of examples 4 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 8
Figure BDA0003723245680000151
Figure BDA0003723245680000161
As can be seen from table 5, the fecal material decomposed by using the complex microbial inoculum in example 4 has the highest seed germination index, and after 30 days of decomposition, the seed germination index can reach 93.5%, which far exceeds the NY/T525-2021 standard, the number of fecal coliform groups is only 13/g, and the death rate of ascarid eggs can reach 99%, indicating that the fecal material is high in decomposition degree, and the killing effect of pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs is good, and the control method has no toxicity to the growth of crops. The composite microbial inoculum in the embodiment 4 produces the technical effects by the mutual cooperation of various microorganisms, and on one hand, the microorganisms can secrete various biological enzymes, so that the degradation of substances is promoted, and the decomposition speed is accelerated; on the other hand, the temperature at which the plurality of microorganisms in example 4 can perform physiological metabolism is distributed in a gradient manner between 35 ℃ and 75 ℃, so that when the temperature of the stack changes, part of the microorganisms can perform normal physiological metabolism at different temperatures, and the feces are decomposed, the decomposition speed is further increased, and the decomposition degree is increased.
Comparing example 4 with comparative examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that the seed germination index of the feces decomposed for 30 days by using the composite microbial inoculum prepared in comparative examples 1 to 4 is lower, the number of faecal coliform groups is higher, and the death rate of ascarid eggs is lower, which indicates that the species of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amylovorus have certain influence on the decomposition rate. On the premise of adopting the same compound microbial inoculum formula and adding the same effective viable count, the bacillus licheniformis used in the application has better manure decomposition capacity compared with other bacillus licheniformis (comparative example 2) and bacillus licheniformis (comparative example 1) at the conventional culture temperature, and the bacillus amylovorus thermophage used in the application has better manure decomposition efficiency compared with other bacillus amylovorus thermophage (comparative example 4) and bacillus amylovorus thermophage (comparative example 3) at the conventional culture temperature, so that the bacillus amylovorus has important significance for shortening the manure decomposition time and improving the manure decomposition efficiency.
Comparing example 4 with example 5 and comparative examples 5 to 6, it can be seen that removing part of the microorganisms in the complex microbial inoculum has different degrees of influence on the decomposing capacity of the complex microbial inoculum. Example 4 is to improve the decomposing ability of the complex microbial inoculum to the feces by the secretion of biological enzymes by microorganisms and the formation of gradient metabolic temperature, and if any one or any several microorganisms are lacked, the species or the quantity of the secreted biological enzymes may be reduced, or the metabolic temperature gradient may be destroyed, so that the decomposing ability of the microbial inoculum to the feces is reduced. Specifically, in example 5, fungi were not added, and the germination index of seeds, the number of faecal coliform bacteria, and the mortality of roundworm eggs were all affected to some extent; in the comparative example 5, 2 thermophilic bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amylovora are not added, so that the decomposing capacity of the composite microbial inoculum on excrement at a higher stack temperature is influenced, and the influence on the seed germination index, the number of faecal coliform groups and the death rate of roundworm eggs is obvious; in the comparative example 6, 6 bacteria are not added, the feces decomposing capacity of the compound microbial inoculum is obviously influenced, the germination index of seeds does not reach the standard of NY/T525-2021, the number of fecal coliform bacteria is about 9 times of that of the feces coliform bacteria in the example 4, and the killing capacity to roundworm eggs is limited.
Comparing example 4 with comparative examples 7-8, it can be seen that the germination index of the feces seeds is slightly lower than that of example 4 after 30 days of decomposition by using the composite microbial inoculum in comparative examples 7 and 8, the number of faecal coliform bacteria is slightly higher than that of example 4, and the killing capacity to roundworm eggs is slightly lower than that of example 4. More importantly, the total effective viable count in the embodiment 4 of the application is 3.75 hundred million/g, the total effective viable count in the comparative example 7 is 10 hundred million/g, the total effective viable count in the comparative example 8 is 5 hundred million/g, and the total effective viable counts are both obviously higher than those in the embodiment 4, which shows that by adopting the compound microbial inoculum formula in the application, the decomposition degree of the excrement can be improved on the premise that the effective viable counts are lower than those in the prior art, the toxic action of the treated excrement is reduced, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, the production cost is reduced, and the compound microbial inoculum formula has important significance for actual agricultural production.
By combining the results, the compound microbial inoculum can reduce the time required by decomposition, improve the decomposition degree and kill pathogens in the excrement, thereby improving the physicochemical property of soil and promoting the growth of crops.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The compound microbial inoculum is characterized by comprising a microbial powder, an organic material and mineral substances;
wherein the microbial powder comprises bacteria;
the bacteria comprise bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amylovorus;
the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.24736;
the preservation number of the Bacillus amylovorus is CGMCC No.24739.
2. The complex microbial inoculant according to claim 1, wherein the bacteria further comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus laterosporus;
preferably, the microbial powder further comprises a fungus;
preferably, the fungi include saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum.
3. The complex microbial inoculum of claim 1 or 2, wherein the organic material comprises any one of rice bran, wheat straw powder and corncob powder or a combination of at least two of the rice bran, the wheat straw powder and the corncob powder;
preferably, the mineral substance comprises any one of zeolite powder, diatomaceous earth and light calcium carbonate or a combination of at least two of them.
4. The complex microbial inoculum of claim 2, wherein the effective viable count of each bacterium and each fungus in the complex microbial inoculum is not less than 0.02 hundred million/g.
5. The complex microbial inoculant according to claim 4, wherein the total effective viable count of bacteria and fungi in the complex microbial inoculant is not less than 2.5 hundred million/g.
6. A method for preparing the complex microbial inoculant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method for preparing the complex microbial inoculant comprises the following steps:
weighing microbial powder, organic materials and mineral substances, and mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
7. The use of the complex microbial agent of any one of claims 1 to 5 in manure decomposition;
preferably, the manure comprises chicken manure and/or pig manure.
8. The application of the complex microbial inoculant in manure decomposition according to claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of the complex microbial inoculant to the manure is (1-5): 1000.
9. A method of manure composting, characterized in that the method of manure composting comprises: decomposing feces by using the complex microbial inoculant of any one of claims 1 to 5.
10. An organic fertilizer characterized by comprising the manure compost produced by the manure composting method of claim 9.
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KR19990080372A (en) * 1998-04-16 1999-11-05 이영하 Microbial preparation for manufacturing compost and its manufacturing method
CN109402015A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-03-01 江南大学 One plant of heat bites bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its application
CN109517755A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-03-26 江南大学 One plant of acidproof bacillus licheniformis and its application in compost
CN109704840A (en) * 2019-03-08 2019-05-03 北京世纪阿姆斯生物工程有限公司 A kind of decomposing agent and its decomposed purposes to layer manure
CN111593004A (en) * 2020-06-02 2020-08-28 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Kitchen waste microbial degradation microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof
CN111808775A (en) * 2020-07-24 2020-10-23 南京高新工大生物技术研究院有限公司 High-temperature-resistant thermophilic bacillus amylovorus and application thereof
CN114014701A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-02-08 江南大学 Method for strengthening aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste by using oil-removing microbial agent

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR19990080372A (en) * 1998-04-16 1999-11-05 이영하 Microbial preparation for manufacturing compost and its manufacturing method
CN109402015A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-03-01 江南大学 One plant of heat bites bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its application
CN109517755A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-03-26 江南大学 One plant of acidproof bacillus licheniformis and its application in compost
CN109704840A (en) * 2019-03-08 2019-05-03 北京世纪阿姆斯生物工程有限公司 A kind of decomposing agent and its decomposed purposes to layer manure
CN111593004A (en) * 2020-06-02 2020-08-28 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Kitchen waste microbial degradation microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof
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CN114014701A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-02-08 江南大学 Method for strengthening aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste by using oil-removing microbial agent

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