CN115316183A - Sand land soil improvement method for planting blueberries - Google Patents
Sand land soil improvement method for planting blueberries Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000208421 Ericaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005205 Pinus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000271 arbutin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly discloses a method for improving sandy soil for planting blueberries, which comprises the following steps: s1, mixing clay into sand soil, and applying a decomposed fertilizer as a base fertilizer; s2, adding a humic acid composite material, turning over, and transplanting pine trees with the spacing of 5-8m; the humic acid composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: humic acid, charcoal, attapulgite, chitosan, a water-retaining agent and a blueberry extract; and S3, ploughing the soil 1-2 years after the pine trees grow stably, and planting blueberries between adjacent pine trees. The sand soil improvement method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the pH of the sand soil, improve the organic matter and water content in the sand soil and provide a beneficial soil environment for the growth of blueberries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly discloses a sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries.
Background
The blueberry is plant of Vaccinium of Ericaceae. Except conventional sugar, acid and Vc, the blueberry fruits are rich in VE, VA, VB, SOD, arbutin, protein, anthocyanin, edible fiber, K, fe, zn, ca and other mineral elements, the anthocyanin pigment content in the blueberry fruits is up to 163mg/100g, the VE content is several times or even dozens of times of that of fruits such as apples and grapes, and the total amino acid content is 0.254 percent and is higher than that of hawthorn fruits rich in amino acid. The blueberry fruit has strong medicinal value and nutrition and health care function, and is a beautiful name of 'the king of berries'. The blueberry cultivation has extremely strict requirements on soil, the most suitable pH value of the soil during normal growth is 4.0-4.8, and when the pH value is higher than 5.5, the blueberry is lack of iron and green, and the growth of the blueberry is hindered and even the blueberry dies.
The sandy soil in China has wide resource area, but the sandy soil is poor in nutrients, low in organic matter content and alkalescent, and the normal growth of the blueberries can be guaranteed only by improving the sandy soil and adopting corresponding management measures to meet the growth conditions of the blueberries. The traditional method for reducing the pH value of soil is to apply sulfur, but the application of sulfur can affect the biological condition of soil; in addition, the pH value of the soil is reduced by applying an acidic fertilizer, namely ferric sulfate, but the applied ferric sulfate has a certain toxic action on the root system of the blueberry, so that a safe and reliable sand soil improvement method suitable for blueberry planting, which does not damage the soil and blueberry plants, needs to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical features, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing clay into sand soil, and applying a decomposed fertilizer as a base fertilizer;
s2, after airing for 3-5 days, adding a humic acid composite material, turning over, and transplanting pine trees with the spacing of 5-8m;
the humic acid composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of humic acid, 5-8 parts of charcoal, 6-8 parts of attapulgite, 3-5 parts of chitosan, 1-3 parts of a water-retaining agent and 1-3 parts of a blueberry extract;
and S3, ploughing soil after the pines grow stably for 1-2 years, and planting blueberries between adjacent pines.
Preferably, in S1, the clay is mixed by spreading clay with a thickness of 3-5cm on the surface of the sand soil and ploughing to a depth of 40-60 cm.
Preferably, in S1, the use amount of the decomposed fertilizer is 8-15 kg/mu.
Preferably, the decomposed fertilizer is obtained by stacking fresh animal excrement, wherein the stack height is 1.5-2.0 m, and sealing and fermenting for 4-6 months.
Preferably, in S2, the usage amount of the humic acid composite material is 8-12 kg/mu.
Preferably, in S2, the humic acid composite material is prepared according to the following steps:
s21, weighing humic acid, biochar, attapulgite, chitosan, a water-retaining agent and a blueberry extract in parts by weight for later use;
s22, carbonizing the biomass at 500-700 ℃ for 1-2 hours, mixing with attapulgite, chitosan and a water-retaining agent, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 1g: adding 100-120mL of water, magnetically stirring for 3-5h, and sequentially washing and drying the obtained precipitate;
s23, mixing the precipitate obtained in the step S22 with corrosive acid and a blueberry extract solution, shaking at 37 +/-1 ℃ for 20-30h, centrifuging, and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the humic acid composite material;
the blueberry extract solution is obtained by mixing the blueberry extract and water according to the ratio of 1g to 20-30 mL.
Preferably, in S2, the blueberry extract is prepared according to the following method: adding water with the mass being 8-10 times of that of crushed blueberry plants, setting the power to be 500-700W, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 2-3 times, and each time for 20-40min, and sequentially filtering, concentrating and drying the obtained extract to obtain the blueberry extract.
Preferably, in S3, the pine trees grow stably, and at least 80% of leaf replacement is completed after the transplanted pine trees are planted.
Preferably, in S3, the blueberry planting is realized by selecting 2-3 years of blueberry seedlings to be transplanted before new buds sprout, and covering pine leaves and the humic acid composite material on the surfaces of planting holes after planting, wherein the covering thickness is 5-8cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method for improving the sandy soil for planting the blueberries, the humic acid and the blueberry extract are used together to reduce the pH value of the sandy soil, the biochar, the attapulgite, the chitosan and the water-retaining agent are mixed, the biochar and the attapulgite have rich pore structures, four substances can be filled in the pore structures, and the chitosan can be used as a carrier substance to load more biochar, attapulgite and water-retaining agent, so that all the substances are released slowly; the sediment obtained by mixing the four substances and the blueberry extract are wrapped in humic acid, so that the aim of slow release is further fulfilled, nutrition is continuously provided for soil, and the pH value is maintained.
2. Pine trees are planted before the blueberries are planted, the pine trees are cold-resistant and drought-resistant, the soil adaptability is strong, the pine tree rhizosphere soil can form an acid environment and a stable microbial environment, and a good soil environment is provided for the subsequent blueberry planting; and the blueberries and pine trees are intercropped, so that not only can a stable rhizosphere soil environment be maintained, but also the pine needles rotten on the ground can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the blueberries.
3. The sand soil improvement method for planting the blueberries, provided by the invention, can effectively reduce the pH value of the sand soil, improve the content of organic matters and water in the sand soil and provide a beneficial soil environment for the growth of the blueberries; and the selected raw materials are all easily degradable substances, so that the soil and the growth of plants cannot be damaged.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries comprises the following steps:
s1, ploughing sandy soil to a depth of 40cm, mixing decomposed fertilizer and clay with a thickness of 3cm, and ploughing to a depth of 40cm to uniformly mix the soil and the decomposed fertilizer; the addition amount of the decomposed fertilizer is 8 kg/mu;
the decomposed fertilizer is obtained by stacking fresh animal excrement with the stack height of about 1.5 m, and sealing and fermenting for 4 months;
s2, after airing for 5 days, adding a humic acid composite material, turning over, and transplanting pine trees, wherein the plant spacing between every two pine trees is 5m, and the planting row spacing is 8m; the usage amount of the humic acid composite material is 12 kg/mu;
the humic acid composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of humic acid, 5 parts of charcoal, 6 parts of attapulgite, 3 parts of chitosan, 1 part of water-retaining agent and 1 part of blueberry extract;
the blueberry extract is obtained by adding water with the weight being 8 times of that of crushed blueberry plants into the crushed blueberry plants, setting the power to be 500W, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 3 times, and carrying out filtering, concentrating and drying on the obtained extracting solution in sequence each time for 20min, wherein the blueberry extract contains acidic substances such as citric acid, malic acid and the like, and can be used for reducing the pH of the soil of the bottom sand; the water-retaining agent is selected from common soil water-retaining agents, such as polyacrylamide;
the humic acid composite material is prepared by the following method:
s21, weighing humic acid, biochar, attapulgite, chitosan, a water-retaining agent and a blueberry extract in parts by weight for later use;
s22, carbonizing the biomass at 500 ℃ for 2 hours, mixing the biomass with attapulgite, chitosan and a water-retaining agent according to the weight ratio of 1g: adding 100mL of water, magnetically stirring for 3 hours, and sequentially washing and drying the obtained precipitate;
s23, mixing the precipitate obtained in the step S22 with corrosive acid and a blueberry extract solution, shaking at 37 +/-1 ℃ for 20 hours, centrifuging, and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the blueberry extract;
and S3, completing at least 80% leaf replacement after the pine trees are planted, ploughing soil after 1 year, digging a pit with the depth of 10cm and the amplitude of 20cm between adjacent pine trees, selecting blueberry seedlings growing for 2-3 years, transplanting the blueberry seedlings before the new buds sprout in the last ten days of 4 months, covering the fallen pine leaves of the adjacent pine trees and the humic acid composite material in the S2 on the surface of the planting pit after the blueberry is planted, wherein the covering thickness is about 5cm, the covering amplitude is at least 80cm along the blueberry seedlings by outward radiation, and then performing water fertilizer and pest and disease damage management in the blueberry growing process according to a conventional method.
It should be noted that in order to ensure the growth of the blueberries and enable the blueberries to receive sufficient light, shorter varieties, such as pinus fimbriata, can be selected when selecting pine varieties; or pruning the planted pine branches into the height and density which do not shield the illumination of the blueberries according to the management method of the bonsai; the planted pine trees can be removed when the pine trees grow to a certain height, such as the blueberry illumination can be shielded, the planted soil is fully improved, the blueberry seedlings can be planted again after the pine trees are removed, and the method can be implemented by a person skilled in the art specifically according to the needs.
Example 2
A sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries is different from that in example 1 in that clay with the thickness of 5cm is spread on the surface of sand soil, decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of 15 kg/mu is applied, and the depth of 60cm is ploughed.
Example 3
The sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries is different from that in example 1 in that the using amount of the humic acid composite material is 8 kg/mu, and the corrosive acid composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of charcoal, 8 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of a water-retaining agent and 3 parts of a blueberry extract;
wherein the blueberry extract is obtained by adding water with the weight 10 times of that of crushed blueberry plants, setting the power at 700W, ultrasonically extracting for 2 times, 40min each time, and sequentially filtering, concentrating and drying the obtained extract;
the humic acid composite material is prepared by the following steps:
s21, weighing humic acid, biochar, attapulgite, chitosan, a water-retaining agent and a blueberry extract in parts by weight for later use;
s22, carbonizing the biomass at 700 ℃ for 1h, mixing with attapulgite, chitosan and a water-retaining agent, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 1g: adding 120mL of water, magnetically stirring for 5 hours, and sequentially washing and drying the obtained precipitate;
and S23, mixing the precipitate obtained in the step S22 with corrosive acid and a blueberry extract solution, shaking for 30 hours at 37 +/-1 ℃, centrifuging, and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the blueberry extract.
Example 4
A sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries, which is different from the method in the embodiment 3 in that biomass is carbonized at 500 ℃ for 2 hours, and then mixed with attapulgite, chitosan and a water-retaining agent according to the weight ratio of 1g:100mL of water was added and stirred magnetically for 5h.
Example 5
The sand soil improvement method for planting the blueberries is different from the method in example 3 in that the blueberry extract is prepared by the following steps: adding water with the weight 10 times of that of the crushed blueberry plants, setting the power to be 500W, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 2 times, 30min each time, and sequentially filtering, concentrating and drying the obtained extracting solution.
Example 6
A sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries is different from that in the embodiment 1 in that the surface of a planting hole after the blueberries are planted in S3 is covered with fallen pine leaves of adjacent pine trees and humic acid composite materials in S2, and the covering thickness is about 8cm.
Comparative example 1
A method for improving sandy soil for planting blueberries, which is different from the method in example 1 in that a humic acid composite material is not used.
Comparative example 2
A sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries is different from that in example 1 in that the blueberries are directly planted after 3 months of mixing with a humic acid composite material without planting pine trees.
Examples of the experiments
In the method for planting high-cluster blueberries by using the method provided by the invention in example 1 (the planting effect is basically the same in the method provided by the examples 1-6, so the method is only described by taking the example 1) and the method provided by the comparative examples 1-2 in the Colun town of Liaoshi city of inner Mongolia, soil with the depth of about 20cm at the blueberry rhizosphere is taken respectively at the time of planting the blueberries and at the mature period of the blueberry fruits in the next year, the pH value of the soil and the contents of organic matters and water in the soil are measured, and the method for measuring the physicochemical property of the soil is shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 determination method of physicochemical properties of soil
| Measurement index | Measurement method |
| pH value | PH acidity meter |
| Organic matter | Hydrated thermogravimetric potassium chromate oxidation-colorimetry |
| Moisture content | Drying method |
Meanwhile, the anthocyanin content in mature blueberry fruits is measured, and the measuring method refers to a derivatization method for measuring the anthocyanin content [ J ]. Zhao Zhibing, wang Rui and the like in blueberry juice beverage, chemical research and application, 2018,30 (3): 422-423.
The results of the soil physicochemical properties and the anthocyanin content in blueberry fruits of each group are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 determination of soil physicochemical properties and anthocyanin content in blueberry fruit of each group
The above description is only for the purpose of creating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing clay into sand soil, and applying a decomposed fertilizer as a base fertilizer;
s2, after airing for 3-5 days, adding a humic acid composite material, turning over, and transplanting pine trees with the spacing of 5-8m;
the humic acid composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of humic acid, 5-8 parts of biochar, 6-8 parts of attapulgite, 3-5 parts of chitosan, 1-3 parts of a water-retaining agent and 1-3 parts of a blueberry extract;
and S3, ploughing soil after the pines grow stably for 1-2 years, and planting blueberries between adjacent pines.
2. The method for improving sandy soil for planting blueberries according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the clay is mixed by spreading clay with the thickness of 3-5cm on the surface of the sandy soil and ploughing the soil to the depth of 40-60 cm.
3. The method for improving the soil of the sandy land for planting the blueberries according to claim 2, wherein in S1, the use amount of the decomposed fertilizer is 8-15 kg/mu.
4. The method for improving the soil of the sandy land for planting the blueberries, according to claim 3, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is obtained by stacking fresh animal excrement, stacking the stack at a height of 1.5-2.0 meters, and sealing and fermenting for 4-6 months.
5. The sand soil improvement method for planting blueberries according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the humic acid composite material used in S2 is 8-12 kg/mu.
6. The method for improving the soil of the sandy land for planting the blueberries according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the humic acid composite material is prepared by the following steps:
s21, weighing humic acid, charcoal, attapulgite, chitosan, a water-retaining agent and a blueberry extract in parts by weight for later use;
s22, carbonizing the biomass at 500-700 ℃ for 1-2 hours, mixing with attapulgite, chitosan and a water-retaining agent, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 1g: adding 100-120mL of water, magnetically stirring for 3-5h, and sequentially washing and drying the obtained precipitate;
s23, mixing the precipitate obtained in the step S22 with corrosive acid and a blueberry extract solution, shaking at 37 +/-1 ℃ for 20-30h, centrifuging, and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the humic acid composite material;
the blueberry extract solution is obtained by mixing the blueberry extract and water according to the ratio of 1g to 20-30 mL.
7. The method for improving the sandy soil for planting the blueberries according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in S2, the blueberry extract is prepared according to the following method: adding water with the mass being 8-10 times of that of crushed blueberry plants, setting the power to be 500-700W, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 2-3 times, and each time for 20-40min, and sequentially filtering, concentrating and drying the obtained extract to obtain the blueberry extract.
8. The method for improving the soil of the sand land for planting the blueberries, according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the pine trees grow stably, and at least 80% of leaf changing is completed after transplanted pine trees are planted.
9. The method for improving the soil in the sandy land for planting the blueberries according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the blueberry seedlings growing for 2-3 years are selected and transplanted before new buds grow, and pine leaves and the humic acid composite material are covered on the surfaces of planting holes after planting, and the covering thickness is 5-8cm.
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| CN104542154A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-29 | 云南沁园生物科技开发有限公司 | Planting method of blueberry |
| CN107011100A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-08-04 | 明光市泰丰新材料有限公司 | A kind of blueberry plantation soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107926460A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-04-20 | 大连大学 | For planting the Sandy Soil modification method of blueberry |
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| CN109006089A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-18 | 刘珉 | A kind of implantation methods of blueberry |
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| CN104542154A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-29 | 云南沁园生物科技开发有限公司 | Planting method of blueberry |
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| CN109006089A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-18 | 刘珉 | A kind of implantation methods of blueberry |
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| CN107926460A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-04-20 | 大连大学 | For planting the Sandy Soil modification method of blueberry |
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