CN115305570B - 双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法 - Google Patents
双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的制备技术领域,为了解决现有的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的制备方法存在结晶度和发光色纯度低的问题,公开了双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,包括。本发明得到的产物PLQY高达87%,远高于传统用氯化铅作为氯前驱体合成的CsPb(Br/Cl)3PeNCs,大大提高了器件的光谱稳定性;方法操作简单,耗时少,耗能低;本发明方法所制备的PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的样品形貌尺寸均一,结晶度高,发光色纯度高,光致发光量子效率高,稳定性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的制备技术领域,尤其涉及双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法。
背景技术
无机卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶体(PeNCs)因其高的光致发光量子产率(PLQY)、宽的色域、窄的发射带宽和易于合成等优异的性能在发光二极管(LED)领域引起了广泛的关注。绿光和红光PeLEDs的外部量子效率(EQE)已经超过了20%。然而,蓝光PeLED作为显示和照明的重要组成部分,仍然远远落后于绿光和红光PeLED,这阻碍了PeLEDs在全彩显示中的实际应用。
目前已经应用了许多方法来开发蓝色钙钛矿发射体,例如超小尺寸的溴基钙钛矿和尺寸工程,尤其是准二维。然而,超小尺寸的溴基钙钛矿容易发生团聚,且发光纯度相对较低。对于尺寸工程来说,精确调整发射颜色相对不方便,并且基于该策略的大多数PeLEDs集中在天蓝色波段。此外,由于维度降低而增加的表面体积比会导致大量的表面缺陷,从而降低PLQY。为了满足国家电视系统委员会(NTSC)的标准,开发发射波长在460-470nm之间的纯蓝色PeLEDs是非常迫切的需求。加入Cl是实现钙钛矿材料蓝色发射的一个直接策略。通过简单地增加混合卤化物(Br/Cl)中Cl的比例,可以很容易地将PeNCs的发射带调到具有高颜色纯度的纯蓝色区域。然而,在混合卤化物(Br/Cl)中,Cl空位很容易形成,并产生不可逆的捕获载流子的深阱态,这极大地抑制了辐射复合并降低了PLQY。此外,这些缺陷会加速离子迁移,导致光谱不稳定和器件退化。
为避免上述技术问题,确有必要提供一种能够抑制混合卤化物(Br/Cl)钙钛矿中的Cl空位,实现高效稳定的纯蓝色PeLEDs的方法以克服现有技术中的所述缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点,而提出的双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将十八烯、油酸以及碳酸铯放在容器中,在真空环境下,加热脱气干燥,然后在惰性气体氛围下升温,加热搅拌至溶液溶解,得到油酸铯溶液;
步骤2:将溴化铅、三氯(1H,1H,2H,2H-十三氟正辛基)硅烷、油酸以及油胺倒入到装有十八烯的容器中,在真空环境下,加热脱气干燥,然后在惰性气体氛围下升温,并注入油酸铯溶液,充分反应后将溶液水浴冷却到室温;
步骤3:将步骤2中的反应产物离心提纯,将离心后的沉淀物分散到甲苯和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂中,然后继续离心提纯,最后将离心后的沉淀分散到甲苯溶液中,即得到PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶;
步骤4:初步制备基于PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED;
先后用肥皂、去离子水、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮以及异丙醇仔细清洗ITO导电玻璃,并进行紫外臭氧清洗处理;
在处理后的ITO玻璃上将PEDOT:PSS溶液通过滤头进行旋涂,再进行退火处理;然后将底物转移到充满N2气体的手套箱中,在PEDOT:PSS薄膜上旋涂溶解在氯苯溶液中的Poly-TPD,之后再进行退火处理,最后形成PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层,将PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层作为空穴注入层和空穴传输层;
将步骤3中制备好的PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶溶液旋涂在PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层层上,作为发光层;
步骤5:将步骤4中获得的产物最后转移到真空腔内,通过热蒸发依次沉积TmPyPB、LiF和Al层,其中TmPyPB层作为电子传输层和空穴阻挡层,LiF和Al层作为顶部电极;由此获得基于PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED。
优选的,步骤1中所述油酸与十八烯的体积比为1:12。
优选的,步骤1和步骤2中,通入的惰性气体为氦气。
优选的,步骤2中,十八烯、油酸和油胺的体积比为10:1:1。
优选的,步骤3中,所述离心转速为5000-10000r/min。
优选的,步骤4中,所述旋涂PeDOT:PSS的转速为4000r/min;旋涂Poly-TPD的转速为3000r/min;纳米晶溶液旋涂在PeDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层上的转速为1000r/min。
优选的,步骤4中,所述PeDOT:PSS的退火处理具体为140℃的温度下退火15min;Poly-TPD的退火处理具体为在140℃的温度下退火15min。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提出了一种利用双功能分子三氯(1H,1H,2H,2H-三氟正辛基)硅烷(PFTS)合成高质量CsPb(Br/Cl)3PeNCs的新策略,该分子不仅提供氯离子作为氯前驱体,还提供氟离子作为表面钝化剂,这使得到的产物PLQY高达87%,远高于传统用氯化铅作为氯前驱体合成的CsPb(Br/Cl)3PeNCs。进一步地,将优化后的PeNCs作为发射层制备出了电致发光(EL)波长为461nm的纯蓝色PeLED,该器件具有482cd m-2的高亮度和1.62%的高EQE。同时,PFTS有效的卤化物空位钝化抑制了离子迁移,从而大大提高了器件的光谱稳定性。
本发明提供的利用双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,此方法操作简单,耗时少,耗能低;本发明方法所制备的PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的样品形貌尺寸均一,结晶度高,发光色纯度高,光致发光量子效率高,稳定性高。
附图说明
图1为原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的吸收光谱和光致发光光谱;
图2为用于估计原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的缺陷密度的纯电子器件的电流密度-电压特性曲线;
图3为原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的高分辨X射线光电子能谱;
图4为原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的X射线衍射图谱;
图5为原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的透射电镜图;
图6为基于原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶LED的能级结构图;
图7为基于原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED的亮度-电压-电流密度曲线;
图8为基于原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED的外量子效率-电流密度曲线;
图9为基于原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED在4-7V电压下的电致光谱稳定性;
图10为原始和PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED在5V持续电压下的工作稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
在一个实施例中,提供利用双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)首先将0.814g的碳酸铯,2.5mL油酸和30mL十八烯装入100mL的三颈烧瓶中,先在真空、120℃下脱气干燥1h,然后混合溶液在氦气氛围下,加热至150℃,搅拌直到形成澄清的溶液,即得到前驱体溶液。
2)其次将0.138g的碘化铅、65uL的三氯(1H,1H,2H,2H-三氟正辛基)硅烷(PFTS),1mL油胺、1mL油酸以及10mL十八烯装入到50mL的三颈烧瓶中,先在真空、120℃下脱气干燥1h,随后在氦气氛围下,将溶液升温170℃后,注入0.8mL前驱体溶液,反应5s后迅速将溶液水浴冷却到室温;
3)最后将反应产物离心提纯,将离心后的沉淀分散到甲苯和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂中,然后继续离心提纯,最后将离心后的沉淀分散到甲苯溶液中,即得到PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶;
4)制备基于PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED;
先后用肥皂、去离子水、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮以及异丙醇仔细清洗ITO导电玻璃,并进行紫外臭氧处理;
在处理后的ITO玻璃上将PEDOT:PSS溶液(Baytron PVP Al 4083)通过滤头以4000r/min的转速旋涂50秒,之后在140℃的温度下退火15分钟;然后将底物转移到充满N2气体的手套箱中,在PEDOT:PSS薄膜上将溶解在氯苯溶液中的Poly-TPD以3000r/min的转速旋涂50秒,之后再继续在140℃的温度下退火15分钟,最后形成PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层,将PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层作为空穴注入层和空穴传输层;
将步骤3)中制备好的PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶溶液旋涂在PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层层上,作为发光层;
步骤5:将步骤4中获得的产物最后转移到真空腔内,通过热蒸发依次沉积TmPyPB、LiF和Al层,其中TmPyPB层作为电子传输层和空穴阻挡层,LiF和Al层作为顶部电极;由此获得基于PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED。
如图1所示,利用PFTS可以提高CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的发光强度。此外,如图2所示,PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的缺陷态密度降低,说明PFTS钝化了纳米晶表面的缺陷,抑制了非辐射复合,从而提高了发光效率。如图3所示,在PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶中新出现了来自PFTS的F1s,CF2和CF3的特征峰,并且Cs 3d,Pb 4f,Br 3d和Cl 2p信号的峰均向高能方向发生了移动,说明PFTS可以钝化钙钛矿的表面缺陷。如图4所示,PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的XRD衍射峰变窄,并且向大角度方向发生了移动,说明优化后的纳米晶结晶度变高,并且发生了晶格收缩。如图5所示,PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的形貌具有高的结晶性和均匀的尺寸,晶格间距变小,与XRD结果一致,说明有少量的F进入了晶格内部。进一步地,如图6所示,利用PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶作为发光层制备了LED。如图7,8所示,该LED实现482cd/m2的最大亮度和1.62%的峰值外量子效率。并且如图9,10所示,该LED的光谱稳定性和工作稳定性明显提高。
本发明提供了一种利用双功能分子三氯(1H,1H,2H,2H-三氟正辛基)硅烷(PFTS)合成高质量CsPb(Br/Cl)3PeNCs的新策略,该分子不仅提供氯离子作为氯前驱体,还提供氟离子作为表面钝化剂,这使得到的产物PLQY高达87%,远高于传统用氯化铅作为氯前驱体合成的CsPb(Br/Cl)3PeNCs。进一步地,将优化后的PeNCs作为发射层制备出了电致发光(EL)波长为461nm的纯蓝色PeLED,该器件具有482cd m-2的高亮度和1.62%的高EQE。同时,PFTS有效的卤化物空位钝化抑制了离子迁移,从而大大提高了器件的光谱稳定性和工作稳定性。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将十八烯、油酸以及碳酸铯放在容器中,在真空环境下,加热脱气干燥,然后在惰性气体氛围下升温,加热搅拌至溶液溶解,得到油酸铯溶液;
步骤2:将溴化铅、三氯(1H,1H,2H,2H-十三氟正辛基)硅烷、油酸以及油胺倒入到装有十八烯的容器中,在真空环境下,加热脱气干燥,然后在惰性气体氛围下升温,并注入油酸铯溶液,充分反应后将溶液水浴冷却到室温;
步骤3:将步骤2中的反应产物离心提纯,将离心后的沉淀物分散到甲苯和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂中,然后继续离心提纯,最后将离心后的沉淀分散到甲苯溶液中,即得到PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶;
步骤4:初步制备基于PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED;
先后用肥皂、去离子水、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮以及异丙醇仔细清洗ITO导电玻璃,并进行紫外臭氧清洗处理;
在处理后的ITO玻璃上将PEDOT:PSS溶液通过滤头进行旋涂,再进行退火处理;然后将底物转移到充满N2气体的手套箱中,在PEDOT:PSS薄膜上旋涂溶解在氯苯溶液中的Poly-TPD,之后再进行退火处理,最后形成PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层,将PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层作为空穴注入层和空穴传输层;
将步骤3中制备好的PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶溶液旋涂在PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层层上,作为发光层;
步骤5:将步骤4中获得的产物最后转移到真空腔内,通过热蒸发依次沉积TmPyPB、LiF和Al层,其中TmPyPB层作为电子传输层和空穴阻挡层,LiF和Al层作为顶部电极;由此获得基于PFTS优化后的CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的LED。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述油酸与十八烯的体积比为1:12。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,其特征在于,步骤1和步骤2中,通入的惰性气体为氦气。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,十八烯、油酸和油胺的体积比为10:1:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,所述离心转速为5000-10000r/min。
6.根据权利要求2所述的双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,其特征在于,步骤4中,所述旋涂PeDOT:PSS的转速为4000r/min;旋涂Poly-TPD的转速为3000r/min;纳米晶溶液旋涂在PeDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD层上的转速为1000r/min。
7.根据权利要求2所述的双功能分子制备高效稳定CsPb(Br/Cl)3纳米晶的方法,其特征在于,步骤4中,所述PeDOT:PSS的退火处理具体为140℃的温度下退火15min;Poly-TPD的退火处理具体为在140℃的温度下退火15min。
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