CN115279806A - 用于膨胀型涂层的改进的树脂体系 - Google Patents
用于膨胀型涂层的改进的树脂体系 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115279806A CN115279806A CN202180019460.7A CN202180019460A CN115279806A CN 115279806 A CN115279806 A CN 115279806A CN 202180019460 A CN202180019460 A CN 202180019460A CN 115279806 A CN115279806 A CN 115279806A
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- Prior art keywords
- acrylate
- weight
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- monomer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08F265/06—Polymerisation of acrylate or methacrylate esters on to polymers thereof
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- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F220/1808—C8-(meth)acrylate, e.g. isooctyl (meth)acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
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- C08F4/28—Oxygen or compounds releasing free oxygen
- C08F4/32—Organic compounds
- C08F4/34—Per-compounds with one peroxy-radical
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- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
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- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于膨胀型涂层的新的反应体系和制备这种树脂体系的方法。膨胀型涂层特别用于金属组件(例如地上建筑中的梁)的防火。在此,在发生火灾的情形下,这些涂层发生反应性发泡,并因此在金属梁周围形成具有低导热性的耐火隔绝层,通过由此产生的隔绝层延缓了该组件过早的失效。本发明在此更具体地涉及通过新的方法制备的树脂体系,在所述方法中,仅将单体级分聚合直到70%的最大程度。在此,与现有技术相比,这里所形成的组合物的聚合物组分的玻璃化转变温度特别低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于膨胀型涂层的新的反应体系和制备这种树脂体系的方法。膨胀型涂层特别用于金属组件(例如地上建筑中的梁)的防火。在此,在发生火灾的情形下,这些涂层发生反应性发泡,并因此在金属梁上形成具有低导热性的耐火隔绝层,通过由此产生的隔绝层延缓了该组件过早的热致失效。
本发明在此更具体地涉及通过新的方法制备的树脂体系,在所述方法中,仅将单体级分聚合直到70%的最大程度。在此,与现有技术相比,这里所形成的组合物的这种聚合物组分的玻璃化转变温度特别低。
背景技术
第一代膨胀型涂层体系基于高分子量热塑性树脂,它们本身基于丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯和/或乙烯基单体,所述体系需要大的溶剂或水比例以施加到适当的金属表面上,其中干燥时间相应地长。
这样的膨胀型涂层通常是在构造阶段期间现场施加的。然而,优选在交付给建筑工地之前进行非现场施加,因为这种形式的施加可以在受控条件下进行。然而,缓慢干燥的结果是效率低下的处理持续时间,特别是当涂布必须从不同侧面依次进行以进行完全时。
基于环氧化物的膨胀型涂层优选用于海上工业。它们的突出之处在于良好的抗老化性和相对短的干燥时间。聚氨酯体系已被深入研究。它们的突出之处同样在于相对短的干燥时间和良好的防水性。然而,在此,防火测试的结果是负面的,因为涂层不能很好地粘附到钢上。这方面的详细信息可以在以下文献中查阅:“Development of alternativetechnologies for off-site applied intumescent”(非现场施加的膨胀型涂层的替代技术的开发),伦敦,P.J.,European Commission,[Report]EUR(2005),EUR 21216,1-141。
另一代膨胀型涂层基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯反应性树脂。施加这些树脂具有很大优点,即在这种情况下不需要溶剂;相反,树脂在施加后固化相对较快。结果不仅是操作更加快速,而且特别是在所施加涂层中的残留挥发性成分的比例较低。这种膨胀型涂层体系首次公开在EP 1 636 318中。
随后例如在EP 2 171 004中公开了基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯的体系的进一步改进。在此一个突出的特征是酸基团的比例特别高,从而改进了金属粘附性。
EP 2 171 005公开了这种体系的进一步进展。这种进展的突出之处特别在于二元酸或具有间隔基团的可共聚酸的共聚。以这种方式可以额外改进金属粘附性。
然而,所有这些体系都仍需要改进。例如,在可配制性方面的自由度受到严格限制。另外,只能施加相对厚的层。在组合的情况下,由这些缺点例如还导致:在需要/发生火灾的情形下,泡沫高度仅可在较低程度上预先调节。
此外,由所述树脂的相对复杂的制备方法也会产生缺点。所有在现有技术中描述的(甲基)丙烯酸酯体系(它们在其他方面是非常有利的)的共同特征是,在此首先单独制备在所述树脂中含有的固体热塑性聚合物,然后将其溶解在单体组分中并与添加剂一起预先配制,并且最后,在即将施加前,作为双组分体系最终配制。这种工艺链是相对不方便的,而对它的简化有着很大的兴趣。
发明内容
发明目的
因此,本发明所基于的目的是提供一种显著简化的用于制备基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯的膨胀型涂层的方法。
更特别地,在此需要一种简化的制备方法,其中相对于在现有技术中描述的用于制备基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯的膨胀型涂层的方法,该方法允许节省至少一个分离步骤或配制步骤。
另一个目的是提供一种用于双组分膨胀型涂层的新的配制剂,该配制剂除了非常好的金属粘附性和易于加工性之外,还允许在以下方面的更大自由度:添加添加剂和调节随后的发泡控制,特别是关于预先调节随后的泡沫高度和泡沫品质,例如特别高比例的闭孔泡沫。
未明确说明的其它目的可在下文中从说明书中或从实施例中以及从本发明的总体关联中变得显而易见。
解决方案
这些目的通过用于制备用于膨胀型涂层的反应性树脂的新方法实现。这种新方法的特征在于,将包含至少一种酸官能单体的单体混合物以间歇模式不连续地或在带有下游流动管的被流过的搅拌釜中连续地聚合直到最大70%的聚合度。此时终止所述聚合。所述方法的进一步的特征在于,在所述方法中形成的聚合物具有低于23℃,优选低于20℃,和更优选低于15℃的玻璃化转变温度。特别优选地,在根据所述方法终止聚合时形成的聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为至少-20℃,更优选至少-10℃。
聚合终止时的聚合度优选在10至50重量%之间,更优选在20至40重量%之间。
令人惊奇地,已经证明特别有利的是,在本发明的方法中形成的聚合物具有低于周围室温的玻璃化转变温度,因此所述聚合物在室温下,甚至在分离状态下也是液体。
所述单体混合物的至少90重量%优选由丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯组成。更优选地,在此,所述单体组合物包含20至60重量%,更优选25至50重量%的MMA。
所述酸官能单体优选是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸和/或丙烯酸2-羧基乙酯,更优选丙烯酸2-羧基乙酯。优选地,在所述单体混合物中使用最高至5重量%的酸官能单体。
除了所述酸官能单体之外,所述单体组合物还包含另外的单体,该另外的单体优选选自MMA、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙基己酯和/或苯乙烯。
在本发明方法的一个特别的实施方案中,所述单体混合物可额外包含交联剂,该交联剂含有最高至3重量%,优选最高至1重量%,更优选最高至0.3重量%的二或三官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯或氰尿酸三烯丙酯。在此更特别地调节这些交联单体的量,以使得取决于分子量、聚合度和其余单体混合物而定,不存在交联,而是仅存在所形成的聚合物链的支化。这种调节可以由本领域技术人员根据其它所提及的参数仅利用少量实验来实现。
在聚合终止时,聚合物组分优选具有在10 000至200 000g/mol之间,优选在20000至150 000g/mol之间,和更优选在30 000至100 000g/mol之间的重均分子量Mw。在此,所述重均分子量是通过GPC相对于PMMA标准物,使用至少四个合适的柱,采用THF作为洗脱剂进行测量的。
除了本发明的方法之外,本发明的另一个主题是用于双组分膨胀型涂层的配制剂。这种配制剂的特征特别在于,在混合所述双组分体系之后的时间点,它含有30至50重量%的通过本发明的方法制备的反应性树脂、35至60重量%的发泡剂、0.1至2.5重量%的过氧化物和/或偶氮引发剂(优选仅过氧化物,例如过氧化苯甲酰)、任选的最高至2重量%的促进剂,任选地4.9至15重量%的添加剂和5至30重量%的填料。所述配制剂可任选含有额外的颜料。
所述添加剂更特别地可以是润湿剂、成膜剂、脱气试剂和/或分散助剂。任选使用的促进剂通常是仲胺。
所述填料可以是例如二氧化硅、二氧化钛、石英或其它化合物,尤其是热稳定的无机化合物。可能会发生热分解的无机填料(例如碳酸盐)可能只能以相对小的程度上使用,以避免在火灾情形下所述涂层的不受控制的额外发泡。特别优选的填料是二氧化钛。
关于所述发泡剂,有多种可选物质。在一种特别优选的可选方案中,可以使用在190至300℃下发生反应从而形成磷酸的多聚磷酸盐(酯)。此外,所述配制剂包含季戊四醇,其随后在磷酸的存在下在高于300℃下形成碳泡沫,其中消除了水和二氧化碳。在此,水和二氧化碳起到发泡剂的作用。这种可选方案的另一个优点是所述多聚磷酸盐(酯)以及所述磷酸起到额外阻燃剂的作用。
第二种可选方案使用三聚氰胺,它在350℃以上分解形成氨气、氮气和二氧化碳,所有这三种物质在此起到发泡剂的作用。
通过组合这两种可选方案,除了阻燃作用外,还可以另外实现其它优点。例如,可以更精确地调节发泡程度。还存在一种渐进式发泡,其继而又带来与泡沫稳定性相关的优点。所述引发剂体系通常由一种或多种过氧化物和/或偶氮引发剂(优选过氧化物)和促进剂(通常为一种或多种叔胺,更特别是芳族叔胺)组成。这样的引发剂的一个特别合适的实例是过氧化二苯甲酰,它也可例如作为安全的预配制的糊剂使用,在这种情况下,在这种糊剂中的助剂,例如石蜡,在该配制剂中在适当浓度下不具有破坏性作用。所述促进剂的实例特别是N,N-二烷基-对甲苯胺,例如N,N-双(2-羟丙基)-对甲苯胺或N,N-二甲基-对甲苯胺,或N,N-二甲基苯胺。
所述涂层组合物本身可以如下进行配制:将所述反应性树脂与所述发泡剂、添加剂、任选的填料和另外的任选的填料一起进行配制。然后将这些中间配制剂例如分成大小相等的两个级分。然后将这些级分之一另外与所述促进剂混合。这两个级分随后在贮存时在很长时间都是稳定的。
在实际施加之前,将不含促进剂的级分然后与所述引发剂或引发剂混合物混合。在较长时间贮存或运输后,可能有必要预先再次搅动这两个级分,因为例如填料可能发生沉降。在通过搅拌或通过其它形式的混合而并入引发剂之后,将所述双组分体系的两个级分然后彼此混合。在此,所述反应性树脂的单体组分开始聚合,并且这就是所谓的适用期的开始,在所述适用期内必须将所述配制剂施加到基材上,所述基材例如是钢梁。使用现代施加设备的情况下,也可以刚好在压力引起的喷射之前在施加喷嘴的混合室中完成所述双组分体系的两个级分的混合。
适用期产生自以下因素的组合:引发剂和促进剂的类型和浓度、单体组成和外部影响因素(例如环境温度)。这些因素对于本领域技术人员来说是可容易估计和调节的。一般而言,以数分钟至数小时的适用期操作,所述适用期还可能超过20小时标记。
本发明的另一个主题是金属表面的膨胀型涂层的方法。在该方法中,制备上述用于双组分膨胀型涂层的配制剂,将其在1至20分钟内施加到金属表面上,并在那里在0至30℃的温度下于60分钟内固化。未发泡涂层的优选层厚度在此为1至20mm,优选2.5至7.5mm。此处,这样的配制将使得所述涂层在火灾情形下会优选导致泡沫层厚度为20至100mm,优选30至50mm。
具体实施方式
实施例
使用Fox方程式计算在权利要求中给出的玻璃化转变温度,并且它们是权威性的。作为对照,经由DSC测定所述玻璃化转变温度。在此发现与使用Fox方程式确定的值的偏差为小于2℃。
使用DSC测量玻璃化转变温度是根据DIN EN ISO 11357-4使用以下测量程序进行的:
1.)冷却至-30℃并保温10分钟
2.)以10K/分钟从-30℃加热到60℃
3.)在60℃下保温5分钟
4.)冷却至0℃并保温5分钟
5.)以10K/分钟将样品从0℃加热到120℃
6.)保持在120℃温度下5分钟。
在此,在步骤5)中进行玻璃化转变温度的测定。
在此使用的设备如下:
DSC 1,得自Mettler Toledo的动态热流差示量热仪
分析天平,具有0.001mg的精度
得自Mettler Toledo的坩埚和通用坩埚压机
根据DIN 55672-1使用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定摩尔质量:
SDV柱
洗脱剂:添加了0.1重量%三氟乙酸的THF
测量温度35℃
相对于聚苯乙烯标准物进行通用校准,并经由Mark-Howink关系式换算为PMMA等效物。
实施例1:
将由44.64重量%的MMA、46.24重量%的甲基丙烯酸乙基己酯、8.81重量%的甲基丙烯酸正丁酯和0.31重量%的β-CEA组成的单体混合物在室温下与过氧二碳酸二(4-叔丁基环己基)酯或2,2'-偶氮二(异丁腈)混合,以达到60 000g/mol的目标分子量。将所述单体混合物的50%的级分作为初始批料在搅拌下加热至74℃;关闭加热装置,并在86℃下,通过连续添加所述单体混合物的占第二个50%的级分,在93℃下自热地发生聚合。在约30分钟的计量加料时间后,使该过程终止。在后反应时间之后,将批料缓慢冷却直至30℃并用15ppm(15mg/kg)的2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(Topanol O)使其稳定。
通过从杯4的55秒流出时间确定粘度,其对应于在20℃下的30-150mPa·s。目标聚合物含量为约25%。根据Fox方程式,所形成的聚合物具有-7.71℃的玻璃化转变温度,并且是未交联的。
实施例2:
将由基于所用单体的总量计15.09重量%的甲基丙烯酸乙基己酯、8.81重量%的甲基丙烯酸正丁酯和0.31重量%的β-CEA组成的单体混合物在室温下预先加入到1升夹套反应器中,并然后与引发剂2-乙基过氧己酸叔丁酯(TBPEH)和链转移剂巯基乙酸2-乙基己酯(TGEH)混合。对这些量进行调节,以使得目标聚合物分子量为约60 000g/mol。在搅拌下将该反应混合物加热到75℃(水浴)。
反应在约15分钟后开始,观察到温度稳定上升约15至20℃。在约2.5小时后,达到最高温度,并且程序结束。
内部温度下降。在约80℃下,将恒温器设置到80℃,并使批料进行后反应约一小时。在此,观察到粘度上升。
在冷却之前,将聚合物用由44.64重量%的MMA和31.15重量%的甲基丙烯酸乙基己酯组成的第二单体混合物稀释,并用15ppm(15mg/kg)的2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(Topanol O)使其稳定。
经由在20℃下30至80秒的流出时间(杯4)确定粘度。这对应于30至150mPa·s的粘度。根据Fox方程式,所形成的聚合物具有5.4℃的玻璃化转变温度,并且是未交联的。
目标聚合物含量为约25%。
应用实施例:
在每种情况下,将42重量%的得自实施例1的反应性树脂与29重量%的磷酸铵、8重量%的季戊四醇、10重量%的三聚氰胺和10重量%的二氧化钛一起预配制。然后将这些配制剂分成大小相等的各两个级分,其中将一个级分与基于整个配制剂计0.5重量%的N,N-二甲基-对甲苯胺混合,和将另一级分与0.5重量%的过氧化苯甲酰混合。随后将这两个级分彼此混合并取出一个较小的部分。使用较大的部分以7mm的层厚度涂覆钢板,而较小的样品用于测量混合后的适用期和最高温度。适用期(即是指以下时间,在该时间内粘度对于施加涂层而言是理想的)为13分钟。40分钟后达到59.8℃的最高温度。
Claims (12)
1.制备用于膨胀型涂层的反应性树脂的方法,其特征在于,将包含至少一种酸官能单体的单体混合物聚合直到最大70%的聚合度,然后终止聚合,并且在此形成的聚合物具有低于23℃的玻璃化转变温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述单体混合物的至少90重量%由丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯组成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述酸官能单体是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸和/或丙烯酸2-羧基乙酯,优选是丙烯酸2-羧基乙酯。
4.根据权利要求1至3中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述单体组合物包含20至60重量%的MMA。
5.根据权利要求1至4中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述单体组合物由酸官能单体和另外的单体组成,所述另外的单体选自MMA、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙基己酯和/或苯乙烯。
6.根据权利要求1至5中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述单体混合物含有最高至3重量%的二或三官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
7.根据权利要求1至6中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物成分具有在10000至200 000g/mol的重均分子量Mw。
8.根据权利要求1至7中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所形成的聚合物具有在-20℃至20℃之间的玻璃化转变温度。
9.根据权利要求1至8中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,终止聚合时的聚合度在10至50重量%之间。
10.用于双组分膨胀型涂层的配制剂,其特征在于,在混合所述双组分体系之后,所述配制剂含有30至50重量%的可根据权利要求1至9制备的反应性树脂、35至60重量%的发泡剂、0.1至2.5重量%的过氧化物和/或偶氮引发剂、任选的最高至2重量%的促进剂,任选地4.9至15重量%的添加剂和5至30重量%的填料。
11.根据权利要求10所述的配制剂,其特征在于,所述配制剂还含有颜料。
12.在金属表面上形成膨胀型涂层的方法,其特征在于,制备根据权利要求10或11所述的配制剂,将其在1至20分钟内施加到所述金属表面上,并在那里在0至30℃之间的温度下于60分钟内固化。
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JP2003171579A (ja) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-20 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 熱重合型アクリル塗料、その塗料による塗装金属板及び塗装金属板の製造方法 |
US20080224105A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2008-09-18 | John Daryl Green | Intumescent Coating Compositions |
CN101688073A (zh) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-03-31 | 赢创罗姆有限责任公司 | 用于具有改进的金属粘附的膨胀型涂层的树脂体系 |
JP2015007243A (ja) * | 2014-08-19 | 2015-01-15 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 塗料用熱硬化性組成物 |
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DE102007034456A1 (de) | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-22 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Beschichtungsformulierung mit verbesserter Metallhaftung |
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JP2003171579A (ja) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-20 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 熱重合型アクリル塗料、その塗料による塗装金属板及び塗装金属板の製造方法 |
US20080224105A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2008-09-18 | John Daryl Green | Intumescent Coating Compositions |
CN101688073A (zh) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-03-31 | 赢创罗姆有限责任公司 | 用于具有改进的金属粘附的膨胀型涂层的树脂体系 |
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JP2015007243A (ja) * | 2014-08-19 | 2015-01-15 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 塗料用熱硬化性組成物 |
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