CN115261948B - 一种镀膜件及其制备方法、壳体及电子产品 - Google Patents

一种镀膜件及其制备方法、壳体及电子产品 Download PDF

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CN115261948B
CN115261948B CN202110484484.1A CN202110484484A CN115261948B CN 115261948 B CN115261948 B CN 115261948B CN 202110484484 A CN202110484484 A CN 202110484484A CN 115261948 B CN115261948 B CN 115261948B
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layer
base layer
metal
coated article
base
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CN115261948A (zh
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禹跃斌
许金宝
王想威
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110484484.1A priority Critical patent/CN115261948B/zh
Priority to KR1020237033653A priority patent/KR20230151545A/ko
Priority to EP22794671.2A priority patent/EP4299798A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/087627 priority patent/WO2022228200A1/zh
Priority to JP2023560322A priority patent/JP2024518253A/ja
Publication of CN115261948A publication Critical patent/CN115261948A/zh
Priority to US18/373,842 priority patent/US20240018644A1/en
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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    • C25D11/00Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02Anodisation
    • C25D11/04Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C25D11/08Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
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Abstract

为克服现有阳极氧化后的铝合金进行PVD镀层存在耐磨性和耐腐蚀性差的问题,本发明提供了一种镀膜件,包括基材、阳极氧化层和基础层,所述阳极氧化层形成于所述基材的表面,所述基础层位于所述阳极氧化层的表面,所述基础层包括沿远离所述阳极氧化层的方向依次层叠的第一基础层和第二基础层,所述第一基础层和第二基础层选自金属A的沉积层,所述第一基础层的平均晶粒粒径小于所述第二基础层的平均晶粒粒径,所述阳极氧化层具有微孔结构,所述第一基础层的晶粒部分嵌入所述阳极氧化层的微孔中。同时,本发明还公开了上述镀膜件的制备方法。本发明提供的镀膜件具有优异的膜层附着力、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性。

Description

一种镀膜件及其制备方法、壳体及电子产品
技术领域
本发明属于金属表面处理技术领域,具体涉及一种镀膜件及其制备方法、壳体及电子产品。
背景技术
由于电子产品的轻量化要求,主流机型多数采用铝合金作为中框选材。目前,铝合金表面通常采用阳极氧化技术来提高表面耐腐蚀、耐磨擦磨损等性能。PVD(PhysicalVapor Deposition,物理气相沉积)技术不仅可以显著提高基材表面耐磨、耐腐蚀性、硬度,还能获得色彩、光泽度优于阳极氧化技术的外观面。该技术在不锈钢材料上已获得广泛应用,但在铝合金基材上却很少用PVD镀层进行表面保护,其原因主要在于:
铝合金本身与PVD镀层没有较好的结合强度,而且铝合金的表面会产生一层自然氧化的氧化铝,影响铝合金与PVD镀层的结合,尤其是,现有的铝合金在阳极氧化后铝材表面呈现多孔蜂窝结构,传统的PVD镀层难以与阳极氧化层较好的结合,表现出表面耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能差的问题,最终铝材外观面不具有明显的金属质感,失去了与阳极染色封孔的成熟工艺方案的竞争优势。
发明内容
针对现有阳极氧化后的铝合金进行PVD镀层存在耐磨性和耐腐蚀性差的问题,本发明提供了一种镀膜件及其制备方法、电子产品壳体。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:
一方面,本发明提供了一种镀膜件,包括基材、阳极氧化层和基础层,所述阳极氧化层形成于所述基材的表面,所述基础层位于所述阳极氧化层的表面,所述基础层包括沿远离所述阳极氧化层的方向依次层叠的第一基础层和第二基础层,所述第一基础层和第二基础层选自金属A的沉积层,所述第一基础层的平均晶粒粒径小于所述第二基础层的平均晶粒粒径,所述阳极氧化层具有微孔结构,第一基础层的晶粒部分嵌入所述阳极氧化层的微孔中。
根据本申请的实施例,所述基材包括铝或铝合金。
根据本申请的实施例,所述金属A包括Cr和/或Ti。
根据本申请的实施例,所述第一基础层的厚度为30-100nm,所述第二基础层的厚度为50-120nm。
根据本申请的实施例,所述第一基础层中晶粒的平均粒径为3-30nm,所述第一基础层的纳米硬度为10-16GPa。
根据本申请的实施例,所述第二基础层中晶粒的平均粒径为50-100nm,所述第二基础层的纳米硬度为6-9GPa。
根据本申请的实施例,所述基础层还包括第三基础层,所述第一基础层、所述第二基础层和所述第三基础层沿远离所述阳极氧化层的方向依次层叠,所述第三基础层选自金属A的沉积层,所述第三基础层的平均晶粒粒径小于所述第二基础层的平均晶粒粒径。
根据本申请的实施例,所述第三基础层中晶粒的平均粒径为30-60nm,所述第三基础层的纳米硬度为8-10GPa。
根据本申请的实施例,所述第三基础层的厚度为30-100nm。
根据本申请的实施例,所述阳极氧化层的厚度4-16μm。
根据本申请的实施例,所述阳极氧化层的微孔的孔径为10nm-100nm,所述阳极氧化层的微孔数量满足100-3000个/μm2
根据本申请的实施例,所述镀膜件还包括有功能层,所述功能层位于所述基础层上背离所述阳极氧化层的一侧,所述功能层包括颜色层,所述颜色层包括金属M的氧化物、氮化物或碳化物及其组合,所述金属M选自Cr、Ti、W中的一种或多种。
根据本申请的实施例,所述颜色层的厚度为0.3-3μm。
根据本申请的实施例,所述功能层还包括过渡层,所述过渡层位于所述颜色层与所述基础层之间,所述过渡层包括金属A和金属M。
根据本申请的实施例,所述过渡层的厚度为0.3-1μm。
另一方面,本发明提供了如上所述的镀膜件的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
提供基材,对基材的表面进行阳极氧化处理,以形成阳极氧化层;
以金属A为靶材,对基材施加负偏压,通过真空镀膜的方式在阳极氧化层的表面溅射形成第一基础层;
以金属A为靶材,基材不接入偏压,通过真空镀膜的方式在第一基础层的表面溅射形成第二基础层。
根据本申请的实施例,在所述阳极氧化处理之前,还包括:对基材表面的电接触位点进行点胶处理;在阳极氧化后,对基材表面进行除胶,以露出电接触位点,在后续操作中,以所述电接触位点对所述基材施加负偏压。
根据本申请的实施例,所述阳极氧化处理条件为:阳极氧化槽的槽液选自硫酸溶液、磷酸溶液、草酸溶液中的至少一种,槽液中酸的摩尔浓度为0.3-0.8mol/L,槽液温度为15-25℃。
根据本申请的实施例,制备所述第一基础层时,控制真空镀膜的条件为:对基材施加负偏压,电压值为200~400V,靶电流为20-30A。
根据本申请的实施例,制备所述第一基础层后,制备所述第二基础层之前,还包括:对第一基础层进行离子轰击,时间为5-10min。
根据本申请的实施例,制备所述第二基础层时,控制真空镀膜的条件为:直流模式,无偏压,靶电流为5-10A。
根据本申请的实施例,还包括以下操作:
以金属A为靶材,对基材施加负偏压,通过真空镀膜的方式在所述第二基础层的表面溅射形成第三基础层。
根据本申请的实施例,制备所述第三基础层时,控制真空镀膜的条件为:对基材施加负偏压,电压值为30~120V,靶电流为15-25A。
可选的,还包括以下操作:
以金属A和金属M为靶材,通过真空镀膜的方式在基础层的表面溅射形成过渡层,所述金属A包括Cr和/或Ti,所述金属M包括Cr、Ti、W中的一种或多种。
可选的,还包括以下操作:
以金属M为靶材,通入氧源、氮源或碳源的一种或多种作为反应性气体,通过真空镀膜的方式在过渡层的表面溅射形成颜色层。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种壳体,包括如上所述的镀膜件。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种电子产品,包括如上所述的壳体。
根据本发明提供的镀膜件,在阳极氧化层的外部设置有基础层,所述基础层包括有平均晶粒粒径较小的第一基础层和平均晶粒粒径较大的第二基础层,由于所述第一基础层的平均晶粒粒径较小,因此能够更好地嵌入于所述阳极氧化层的微孔中,增加接触面积,进而提高所述基础层与所述阳极氧化层之间的结合力,同时,所述第二基础层的平均晶粒粒径相比于第一基础层较大,能够在一定程度上降低所述基础层的内应力,避免由于基础层的应力过大造成膜层脱落的问题。由所述第一基础层和所述第二基础层结合形成的基础层,一方面对所述阳极氧化层具有封孔的作用,避免后续灰尘等进入阳极氧化层中;另一方面也可作为后续真空镀膜的基础,能够有效提高基材与后续真空镀膜的结合强度,达到耐磨损和耐腐蚀的作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的镀膜件的结构示意图。
说明书附图中的附图标记如下:
1、基材;2、阳极氧化层;3、基础层;31、第一基础层;32、第二基础层;33、第三基础层;4、功能层;41、过渡层;42、颜色层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
参见图1所示,本发明实施例提供了一种镀膜件,包括基材1、阳极氧化层2和基础层3,所述阳极氧化层2形成于所述基材1的表面,所述基础层3位于所述阳极氧化层2的表面,所述基础层3包括沿远离所述阳极氧化层2的方向依次层叠的第一基础层31和第二基础层32,所述第一基础层31和第二基础层32选自金属A的沉积层,所述第一基础层31的平均晶粒粒径小于所述第二基础层32的平均晶粒粒径,所述阳极氧化层2具有微孔结构,所述第一基础层31的晶粒部分嵌入所述阳极氧化层2的微孔中。
由于所述第一基础层31的平均晶粒粒径较小,因此能够更好地嵌入于所述阳极氧化层2的微孔中,增加接触面积,进而提高所述基础层3与所述阳极氧化层2之间的结合力,同时,所述第二基础层32的平均晶粒粒径相比于第一基础层31较大,能够在一定程度上降低所述基础层3的内应力,避免由于基础层3的应力过大造成膜层脱落的问题。由所述第一基础层31和所述第二基础层32结合形成的基础层3,一方面对所述阳极氧化层2具有封孔的作用,避免后续灰尘等进入阳极氧化层2中;另一方面也可作为后续真空镀膜的基础,能够有效提高基材1与后续真空镀膜的结合强度,达到耐磨损和耐腐蚀的作用。
在一些实施例中,所述基材1包括铝或铝合金。
在不同的实施例中,所述基材1可选自铝或铝合金的整体件,或是部分为铝或铝合金的层叠结构或镶嵌结构。
在一些实施例中,所述金属A包括Cr和/或Ti。
在一些实施例中,所述第一基础层31的厚度为30-100nm,所述第二基础层32的厚度为50-120nm。
当所述第一基础层31的厚度处于上述范围内时,所述第一基础层31具有与所述阳极氧化层2较强的结合力,同时,当所述第二基础层32的厚度处于上述范围内时,所述第一基础层31的内应力能够被所述第二基础层32较好的减弱,形成过渡缓冲作用。
在一些实施例中,所述第一基础层31中晶粒的平均粒径为3-30nm,所述第一基础层31的纳米硬度为10-16GPa。
在一些实施例中,所述第二基础层32中晶粒的平均粒径为50-100nm,所述第二基础层32的纳米硬度为6-9GPa。
所述第一基础层31为细晶结构,结构稳定致密,附着性能好,但硬度较高,成型后内应力较高,存在一定的缺陷(空位、点缺陷、线缺陷)。所述第二基础层32为粗大的柱状晶结构,其相对硬度较低,将所述第二基础层32与所述第一基础层31结合,利于降低内应力,减少缺陷数量。
在一些实施例中,所述基础层3还包括第三基础层33,所述第一基础层31、所述第二基础层32和所述第三基础层33沿远离所述阳极氧化层2的方向依次层叠,所述第三基础层33选自金属A的沉积层,所述第三基础层33的平均晶粒粒径小于所述第二基础层32的平均晶粒粒径。
由于所述第二基础层32为粗大的柱状晶结构,性质不够致密,直接在第二基础层32上进行后续其他物质的镀膜,存在结合力不足的问题,通过在所述第二基础层32的外部设置所述第三基础层33,能够使柱状晶结构向细晶结构转变,形成较为致密的表层,利于提高其耐磨性能,以及为后续镀层提供良好的附着基础。
在一些实施例中,所述第三基础层33中晶粒的平均粒径为30-60nm,所述第三基础层33的纳米硬度为8-10GPa。
所述第三基础层33的平均晶粒粒径和纳米硬度处于所述第一基础层31和所述第二基础层32之间,用于进一步提高所述基础层3的整体强度和耐磨性能。
在一些实施例中,所述第三基础层33的厚度为30-100nm。
所述第三基础层33的厚度处于上述范围内时,具有较好的覆盖性,避免覆盖不到位或内应力过大的问题。
在一些实施例中,所述阳极氧化层2的厚度4-16μm。
在一些实施例中,所述阳极氧化层2的微孔的孔径大小为10nm-100nm,所述阳极氧化层的微孔数量满足100-3000个/μm2
当所述阳极氧化层2的孔径和孔数处于上述范围中时,能够提供足够的微孔与所述第一基础层31进行结合,同时该孔径大小也利于所述第一基础层31的晶粒嵌入到所述阳极氧化层2的微孔中,以提高结合强度。
在一些实施例中,所述镀膜件还包括有功能层4,所述功能层4位于所述基础层3上背离所述阳极氧化层2的一侧。
在不同的实施例中,所述功能层4可以是实现不同功能的镀膜层,如抗指纹层、高硬度层等,也可以是装饰层,如颜色层或炫光层等。
在一些实施例中,所述功能层4包括颜色层42,所述颜色层42包括金属M的氧化物、氮化物或碳化物及其组合,所述金属M选自Cr、Ti、W中的一种或多种。
所述颜色层42可为单层或多层,当所述颜色层42为多层时,可在不同层中设置不同金属M的氧化物、氮化物或碳化物,以达到调整颜色的目的。
在一些实施例中,所述功能层4的厚度为0.3~3.7μm。
在一些实施例中,所述颜色层42的厚度为0.3-3μm。
在一实施例中,所述颜色层42直接设置于所述基础层3的表面。
在另一实施例中,所述功能层4还包括过渡层41,所述过渡层41位于所述颜色层42与所述基础层3之间,所述过渡层41包括金属A和金属M。
所述过渡层41用于作为所述基础层3和所述颜色层42之间的过渡,所述基础层3中含有金属A,所述颜色层42由金属M的氧化物、氮化物或碳化物组成,所述过渡层41中同时含有金属A和金属M,所述过渡层41与所述基础层3和所述颜色层42的亲和性均较高,能够保证其同时与所述基础层3和所述颜色层42具有较好的结合强度,避免由于物质差异过大导致的分层现象。
在一些实施例中,所述过渡层41的厚度为0.3-1μm。
本发明的另一实施例提供了如上所述的镀膜件的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
提供基材1,对基材1的表面进行阳极氧化处理,以形成阳极氧化层2;
以金属A为靶材,对基材1施加负偏压,通过真空镀膜的方式在阳极氧化层2的表面溅射形成第一基础层31;
以金属A为靶材,基材1不接入偏压,通过真空镀膜的方式在第一基础层31的表面溅射形成第二基础层32。
上述提供的制备方法中,在第一基础层31的真空镀膜过程中,金属A的靶材受到高能粒子冲击电离出的金属A离子,通过对基材1施加负偏压,能够提高基材1对于金属A离子的吸引力并加速金属A离子,赋予金属A离子在沉积的同时还具有轰击基材1的能量,通过提供负偏压,成型的第一基础层31由粗大的柱状晶结构向细晶结构转化,细晶结构稳定、致密,是理想的膜层结构,附着性能好。而在第二基础层32的真空镀膜过程中,采用无偏压的方式,形成的金属A离子则偏向于在第一基础层31上沉积形成粗大的柱状晶结构,硬度较低,利于降低所述第一基础层31的内应力。
在一些实施例中,在所述阳极氧化处理之前,还包括:对基材1表面的电接触位点进行点胶处理;在阳极氧化后,对基材1表面进行除胶,以露出电接触位点,在后续操作中,以所述电接触位点对所述基材1施加负偏压。
由于在本制备方法中,需要对所述基材1施加负偏压,而由于阳极氧化产生的阳极氧化层2为非导电结构,不利于基材1与施加电源的电接触,为保证对所述基材1施加的负偏压,发明人通过在阳极氧化处理之前对基材1的电接触位点进行点胶处理,从而对基材1形成保护,在阳极氧化后再除胶,能够有效保证基材1后续负偏压的施加,提升了成膜质量。
点胶处理所用的材料无特别选择,可以为现有的塑胶材料。
在一些实施例中,在进行点胶处理之前,对所述基材1进行抛光处理,所述抛光处理为化学抛光或机械抛光或其结合,通过抛光处理以去除所述基材1表面的自然氧化层以及表面缺陷(如划痕等),能够提高基材1表面的光滑度,有利于点胶处理时,塑胶与基材1表面的直接接触,也利于阳极氧化处理过程中形成更加致密的阳极氧化层2。
在一些实施例中,在进行点胶处理后,对所述基材1表面进行除油、热水洗、碱水洗、冷水洗、酸洗操作中的一种或多种,以使所述基材1形成光洁表面,去除表面油污和缺陷,提高成膜的一致性。
在一些实施例中,所述阳极氧化处理条件为:阳极氧化槽的槽液选自硫酸溶液、磷酸溶液、草酸溶液的至少一种,槽液中酸的摩尔浓度为0.3-0.8mol/L,槽液温度为15-25℃。
通过上述阳极氧化处理,在所述基材1的表面形成一层孔隙均匀的,孔径大小为10-100nm的阳极氧化层2,利于所述第一基础层31的晶粒嵌入。
在一些实施例中,制备所述第一基础层31之前,对形成有阳极氧化层2的基材1进行预抽真空操作。
所述基材1的阳极氧化层2上具有大量的微孔,极易对空气中的灰尘进行吸附,同时在微孔中也留有加工过程中残留的碎屑,而微孔中残留的灰尘和碎屑会成为后续真空镀膜的表面杂质,进一步影响膜层性能,为解决该问题,本制备方法中采用了预抽真空的方式,通过气压变化促使阳极氧化层2微孔中的灰尘和碎屑排出,保证后续镀膜质量。
在一些实施例中,制备所述第一基础层31之前,对阳极氧化层2进行离子轰击,以提高所述阳极氧化层2的清洁度,提高阳极氧化层2的表面能。
在一些实施例中,制备所述第一基础层31时,控制真空镀膜的条件为:对基材施加负偏压,电压值为200~400V,靶电流为20-30A。
需要说明的是,制备所述第一基础层31所采用的偏压是本制备方法进一步的改进,为了进一步增加第一基础层31与阳极氧化层2的结合力,发明人采用了超出正常范围的高偏压工艺参数,该偏压范围可以促使金属A离子进入阳极氧化层2微孔结构中,增加接触面积,从而提升附着力。然而过高的负偏压会使得反溅射增大,沉积速率下降,并造成大量缺陷(空位、点缺陷、线缺陷),损伤膜层完整性,从而降低了膜层质量,影响表面性能。
在一些实施例中,制备所述第一基础层31后,制备所述第二基础层32之前,还包括:对第一基础层31进行离子轰击,时间为5-10min,以提高所述第一基础层31的表面能。
在一些实施例中,制备所述第二基础层32时,控制真空镀膜的条件为:直流模式,无偏压,靶电流为5-10A。
为使得受损的第一基础层31得到一定程度的修复,需要在此基础之上沉积一层相对质软的第二基础层32形成过渡,降低第一基础层31内应力,减少缺陷数量。
在一些实施例中,所述制备方法还包括以下操作:
以金属A为靶材,对基材1施加负偏压,通过真空镀膜的方式在所述第二基础层32的表面溅射形成第三基础层33。
无偏压制备得到的第二基础层32是粗大的柱状晶结构,因此在第二基础层32沉积一定厚度后,增加第三基础层33使得膜层由柱状结构向细晶结构转变,最终完成基础层3镀制。
在一些实施例中,制备所述第三基础层33时,控制真空镀膜的条件为:对基材施加负偏压,电压值为30~120V,靶电流为15-25A。
在一些实施例中,所述制备方法还包括以下操作:
以金属A和金属M为靶材,通过真空镀膜的方式在基础层3的表面溅射形成过渡层41,所述金属A包括Cr和/或Ti,所述金属M包括Cr、Ti、W中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,所述制备方法还包括以下操作:
以金属M为靶材,通入氧源、氮源或碳源的一种或多种作为反应性气体,通过真空镀膜的方式在过渡层41的表面溅射形成颜色层42。
所述氧源可选自O2,所述氮源可选自N2,所述碳源可选自C2H2
需要说明的是,当采用氧源、氮源或碳源中的多种作为反应性气体时,为避免反应性气体之间的相互反应,需要将氧源、氮源或碳源分别通入与靶材溅射出的金属M离子反应,以形成金属M的氧化物、氮化物或碳化物混合层。
在一些实施例中,制备所述颜色层42时,也可不通入所述反应性气体,以得到金属M的镀层,镀层呈金属光泽。
本发明的另一实施例提供了一种电子产品壳体,包括如上所述的镀膜件。
由于采用了如上所述的镀膜件,所述电子产品壳体具有较好的表面耐磨性能,同时也具有较好的美观效果。
以下通过实施例对本发明进行进一步的说明。
实施例1
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
(1)阳极氧化预处理:将铝合金基材依次进行机械抛光—点胶—除油—热水洗—碱洗—冷水洗—酸洗—冷水洗处理。
(2)阳极氧化处理:将预处理后的铝合金基材置于阳极氧化槽中进行阳极氧化操作,阳极氧化使用的溶液为硫酸溶液,浓度为0.5mol/L,槽液温度为18℃,形成膜层厚度8mm,孔径大小为20-40nm,孔数2000个/μm2的阳极氧化层。
(3)PVD镀膜预处理:PVD镀膜预处理包括除胶—清洗—烘干—预抽高真空。其中,除胶是将步骤(1)中的塑胶去除。
(4)PVD镀膜:将经过上述处理的铝合金基材置于真空镀膜机中,经过抽真空、加热、离子清洗后进行镀膜处理。具体如下:
第一基础层的制备:采用Cr靶,设置偏压-300V,Cr靶电流25A,镀制膜层厚度50nm,所述第一基础层的平均晶粒粒径为8nm,所述第一基础层的纳米硬度为14GPa;镀膜后离子轰击10min;
第二基础层的制备:采用Cr靶,设置直流模式(无偏压),Cr靶电流8A,镀制膜层厚度80nm,所述第二基础层的平均晶粒粒径为60nm,所述第二基础层的纳米硬度为8GPa;
第三基础层的制备:采用Cr靶,设置偏压-80V,Cr靶电流20A,镀制膜层厚度60nm,所述第三基础层的平均晶粒粒径为40nm,所述第三基础层的纳米硬度为9GPa,即完成基础层镀制。
过渡层的制备:采用Ti靶和Cr靶共同镀制,设置直流模式(无偏压),靶电流20A,镀制膜层厚度500nm。
颜色层的制备:采用Ti靶,磁控溅射时通入反应气体,所述反应气体为氮气,设置直流模式(无偏压),靶电流20A,镀制膜层厚度800nm。
实施例2
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
第一基础层的制备:采用Cr靶,设置偏压-200V,Cr靶电流20A,镀制膜层厚度100nm,所述第一基础层的平均晶粒粒径为25nm,所述第一基础层的纳米硬度为11GPa;镀膜后离子轰击10min;
第二基础层的制备:采用Cr靶,设置直流模式(无偏压),Cr靶电流10A,镀制膜层厚度50nm,所述第二基础层的平均晶粒粒径为50nm,所述第二基础层的纳米硬度为9GPa;
第三基础层的制备:采用Cr靶,设置偏压-120V,Cr靶电流25A,镀制膜层厚度30nm,所述第三基础层的平均晶粒粒径为30nm,所述第三基础层的纳米硬度为10GPa,即完成基础层镀制。
实施例3
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
第一基础层的制备:采用Cr靶,设置偏压-400V,Cr靶电流30A,镀制膜层厚度30nm,所述第一基础层的平均晶粒粒径为3nm,所述第一基础层的纳米硬度为16GPa;镀膜后离子轰击10min;
第二基础层的制备:采用Cr靶,设置直流模式(无偏压),Cr靶电流5A,镀制膜层厚度120nm,所述第二基础层的平均晶粒粒径为100nm,所述第二基础层的纳米硬度为6GPa;
第三基础层的制备:采用Cr靶,设置偏压-30V,Cr靶电流15A,镀制膜层厚度100nm,所述第三基础层的平均晶粒粒径为60nm,所述第三基础层的纳米硬度为8GPa,即完成基础层镀制。
实施例4
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
第一基础层的制备中:镀制膜层厚度20nm。
实施例5
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
第一基础层的制备中:镀制膜层厚度150nm。
实施例6
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
第二基础层的制备中:镀制膜层厚度40nm。
实施例7
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
第二基础层的制备中:镀制膜层厚度150nm。
实施例8
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
第一基础层的制备中:设置偏压-500V。
实施例9
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
步骤(4)中,制备完第二基础层后,不进行第三基础层的制备,直接镀制过渡层。
实施例10
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
步骤(3)中,不进行预抽高真空处理。
对比例1
本对比例用于对比说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
步骤(4)中,进行基础层的制备时,不进行第一基础层的制备,直接进行第二基础层和第三基础层的制备。
对比例2
本对比例用于对比说明本发明公开的镀膜件及其制备方法,包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
步骤(4)中,进行基础层的制备时,不进行第二基础层的制备,直接进行第一基础层和第三基础层的制备。
性能测试
对上述实施例1~10和对比例1~2制备得到的镀膜件进行如下性能测试:
1、百格附着力测试:
1)测试前检查外观无异常,无变色、气泡、裂口、脱落等,并用无尘布将基材表面擦拭干净;
2)握住切割刀具,划格时刀面与测试面垂直防止刀口将膜层翘起,划格方向与样品成45度角,对切割刀具均匀施力(力度以使刀刃刚好透过膜层到达底材为准)形成10×10个连续的1mm×1mm的正方形小格;
3)用无尘布将测试区域的碎片刷干净,均匀拉出一段NICHIBAN CT405AP-24胶带,除去最前面的一段,然后剪下约55mm的胶带,把该胶带的中心点放在网格上方,方向与一组切割线平行,然后用指甲把胶带在网格区上方的部位压平,确保胶带与膜层接触良好(注意指甲不允许刮伤胶带及膜层),胶带长度至少超过网格20mm;
4)贴上胶带静置90s,拿住胶带悬空的一端,并在尽可能接近60度的角度,在0.5-1.0s内迅速拉下胶带;
5)检查膜层脱落状况,其中,达到或者超过4B时为合格,具体的评定标准如下:
5B:切割边缘完全平滑,无一脱落;
4B:在切口交叉处有少许涂层脱落,受影响的交叉切割面积不大于5%;
3B:在切口交叉处和/或沿切口边缘有涂层脱落,受影响的交叉切割面积大于5%,但不大于15%;
2B:膜层沿切割边缘部分或全部以大碎片脱落,和/或在格子不同部分上部分或全部脱落,受影响的交叉切割面积大于15%,但不大于35%;
1B:涂层沿切割边缘大碎片剥落,和/或一些方格部分或者全部出现脱落,受影响的交叉切割面积大于35%,但不大于65%;
0B:剥落的程度超过1B。
2.、耐磨性能:
1)准备3份RKF 10K(黄色圆锥体)和1份RKK15P(绿色棱锥体),共15L,加入到振动摩擦设备(ROSLER,型号为R180/530TE-30,频率为50±0.5Hz,振幅为1.65±0.1mm)研磨槽内;
2)用移液管吸取FC120 10ml至研磨槽内,并加入0.5L水;
3)加入0.5L水到研磨槽内;测试过程中每隔30min加入0.5L水和10ml FC120;
4)准备测试用整机或配重的整机,将各样品安装在整机上,放入振动摩擦测试设备进行测试,各样品每0.5小时检查一次,记录符合标准(连续锯齿磨损不超过10mm(锯齿定义:线性磨损区域有两个以上位置宽度在1-1.5mm之间,宽度超过1.5mm不接受);点磨损不超过1.5mm*1.5mm;1mm*1mm~1.5mm*1.5mm不超过2个;1mm*1mm以下不计)的最长时间。
3、盐水喷雾试验:
在温度为35℃、湿度为90%的密闭环境中,用pH值为6.8、5重量%的NaCl溶液连续对镀膜件表面进行盐水喷雾;每试验12h时间后,检查样品外观;然后使用38℃的温水进行轻柔的冲洗,并用无尘布擦拭干净,常温放置2小时后检查样品,记录膜层外观无异常、外观无明显变化(如锈蚀、变色及表面处理层剥落等)的最长时间。
得到的测试结果填入表1。
表1
从表1的测试结果可以看出,相比于对比例,本发明提供的镀膜件具有更为优异的膜层附着力、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性,说明通过基础层中不同膜层的平均晶粒粒径控制,能够有效提高其与阳极氧化层和外部的功能层之间的结合强度。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (26)

1.一种镀膜件,其特征在于,包括基材、阳极氧化层和基础层,所述阳极氧化层形成于所述基材的表面,所述基础层位于所述阳极氧化层的表面,所述基础层包括沿远离所述阳极氧化层的方向依次层叠的第一基础层和第二基础层,所述第一基础层和第二基础层选自金属A的沉积层,所述金属A为Cr和/或Ti,所述第一基础层的平均晶粒粒径小于所述第二基础层的平均晶粒粒径,所述阳极氧化层具有微孔结构,第一基础层的晶粒部分嵌入所述阳极氧化层的微孔中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述基材包括铝或铝合金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述第一基础层的厚度为30-100nm,所述第二基础层的厚度为50-120nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述第一基础层中晶粒的平均粒径为3-30nm,所述第一基础层的纳米硬度为10-16GPa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述第二基础层中晶粒的平均粒径为50-100nm,所述第二基础层的纳米硬度为6-9GPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述基础层还包括第三基础层,所述第一基础层、所述第二基础层和所述第三基础层沿远离所述阳极氧化层的方向依次层叠,所述第三基础层选自金属A的沉积层,所述第三基础层的平均晶粒粒径小于所述第二基础层的平均晶粒粒径。
7.根据权利要求6所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述第三基础层中晶粒的平均粒径为30-60nm,所述第三基础层的纳米硬度为8-10GPa。
8.根据权利要求7所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述第三基础层的厚度为30-100nm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述阳极氧化层的厚度4-16μm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述阳极氧化层的微孔的孔径为10nm-100nm,所述阳极氧化层的微孔数量满足100-3000个/μm2
11.根据权利要求1所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述镀膜件还包括功能层,所述功能层位于所述基础层上背离所述阳极氧化层的一侧,所述功能层包括颜色层,所述颜色层包括金属M的氧化物、氮化物或碳化物及其组合,所述金属M选自Cr、Ti、W中的一种或多种。
12.根据权利要求11所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述颜色层的厚度为0.3-3μm。
13.根据权利要求11所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述功能层还包括过渡层,所述过渡层位于所述颜色层与所述基础层之间,所述过渡层包括金属A和金属M。
14.根据权利要求13所述的镀膜件,其特征在于,所述过渡层的厚度为0.3-1μm。
15.如权利要求1~14任意一项所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下操作步骤:
提供基材,对基材的表面进行阳极氧化处理,以形成阳极氧化层;
以金属A为靶材,对基材施加负偏压,通过真空镀膜的方式在阳极氧化层的表面溅射形成第一基础层;
以金属A为靶材,基材不接入偏压,通过真空镀膜的方式在第一基础层的表面溅射形成第二基础层;
所述第一基础层的靶材金属A为Cr时,所述第二基础层的靶材金属A也为Cr;所述第一基础层的靶材金属A为Ti时,所述第二基础层的靶材金属A也为Ti;所述第一基础层的靶材金属A为Cr和Ti时,所述第二基础层的靶材金属A也为Cr和Ti。
16.根据权利要求15所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述阳极氧化处理之前,还包括:对基材表面的电接触位点进行点胶处理;在阳极氧化后,对基材表面进行除胶,以露出电接触位点。
17.根据权利要求15所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,所述阳极氧化处理条件为:阳极氧化槽的槽液选自硫酸溶液、磷酸溶液、草酸溶液中的至少一种,槽液中酸的摩尔浓度为0.3-0.8mol/L,槽液温度为15-25℃。
18.根据权利要求15所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述第一基础层时,控制真空镀膜的条件为:对基材施加负偏压,电压值为200~400V,靶电流为20-30A。
19.根据权利要求18所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述第一基础层后,制备所述第二基础层之前,还包括:对第一基础层进行离子轰击,时间为5-10min。
20.根据权利要求18所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述第二基础层时,控制真空镀膜的条件为:直流模式,无偏压,靶电流为5-10A。
21.根据权利要求15所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括以下操作:
以金属A为靶材,对基材施加负偏压,通过真空镀膜的方式在所述第二基础层的表面溅射形成第三基础层。
22.根据权利要求21所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述第三基础层时,控制真空镀膜的条件为:对基材施加负偏压,电压值为30~120V,靶电流为15-25A。
23.根据权利要求15所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括以下操作:
以金属A和金属M为靶材,通过真空镀膜的方式在基础层的表面溅射形成过渡层,所述金属A包括Cr和/或Ti,所述金属M包括Cr、Ti、W中的一种或多种。
24.根据权利要求23所述的镀膜件的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括以下操作:
以金属M为靶材,通入氧源、氮源或碳源的一种或多种作为反应性气体,通过真空镀膜的方式在过渡层的表面溅射形成颜色层。
25.一种壳体,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1~14任意一项所述的镀膜件。
26.一种电子产品,其特征在于,包括权利要求25所述的壳体。
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