CN115260905A - 一种淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于防水防油涂层的技术领域,公开了一种淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料及其制备方法和应用。所述防水防油涂料由以下按重量百分比计的组分组成:改性淀粉5%‑30%、蜂蜡乳液10%‑20%、硅烷偶联剂0.5%‑10%、固化剂0.1%‑2%、增塑剂0.5%‑2%、纳米填料2%‑10%、水30%‑80%。本发明还公开了涂料的制备方法。本发明的防水防油涂料通过对淀粉类材料的交联改性,使淀粉类材料能够起到防水防油的作用,且防水防油效果好。涂布到纸张上,赋予纸张防水防油的能力,在纸质食品包装袋的防水防油处理上具有重要的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防水放油涂层的技术领域,具体涉及一种淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着餐饮和外卖行业的发展,食品包装纸和快餐盒的应用已经出现在我们生活的方方面面。通常食品以水煮和油炸为主,因此食品包装纸、快餐盒要拥有良好的长时间防水防油的性能。
目前市面上大多数的食品包装纸都是PE淋膜而成,还有少部分的是通过涂布丙烯酸乳液制备的,使纸基材料具有优异的防水防油性能。有些涂料为了提升防油性能,甚至会添加昂贵的含氟化合物,但是含氟化合物不仅价格昂贵,还具有诱发癌症的风险,且在环境中很难降解。同样塑料也存在着不可降解难题,对环境有着不可估量的危害,微塑料对人体也会产生严重的影响。并且纸张和塑料的复合也给纸张的回收带来了很大的问题,通常都是通过焚烧或者掩埋对纸塑复合材料进行粗略的处理,对空气质量也带来了很多影响。
近几年,为了发展环境友好型可降解材料应用在纸张做防水防油涂布,PLA材料也被用来替代不可降解塑料进行纸张淋膜,但是PLA的热稳定性较差,加工过程还是存在很多问题,并且只能通过回收堆肥的方式进行降解,自然环境下降解的难度较大。因此,天然高分子淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、大豆分离蛋白、酪蛋白、玉米醇溶蛋白等一系列可自然降解材料被研究应用在纸张的防水防油涂布。通过天然聚合物的填充虽然能够增强纸张的阻隔性能,并且纸张的强度也会得到相应的提升,但是大多数水溶甚至是水分散的天然高分子对水分子有很强的亲和力,或多或少都存在能和水分子形成氢键的官能团。相比塑料来说,表面暴漏的亲水基团对作为防水涂层来说是非常不利的,有着很强的吸湿性,目前除了二次涂布疏水材料,很难将亲水涂层的亲水基团完全屏蔽掉,以实现防水的效果。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料及其制备方法和应用,以解决淀粉类材料无法同时进行防水防油的问题。
为了实现以上技术目的,本发明的技术方案:
一种淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料,由以下按重量百分比计的组分组成:改性淀粉5%-30%、蜂蜡乳液10%-20%、硅烷偶联剂0.5%-10%、固化剂0.1%-2%、增塑剂0.5%-2%、纳米填料2%-10%、水30%-80%。
所述改性淀粉为氧化淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、阳离子淀粉、羟丙基氧化淀粉中一种以上。
所述硅烷偶联剂为3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种以上。
所述固化剂为二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、二乙基甲苯二胺中的一种以上。
所述增塑剂为甘油、柠檬酸三乙酯、邻苯二甲酸酯中的一种以上。
所述纳米填料为纳米碳酸钙、纳米粘土、纳米二氧化钛、纳米硅酸盐、纳米二氧化硅中的一种以上。
所述淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将改性淀粉加入部分水中,加热搅拌进行糊化,冷却,得到混合液A;
2)将硅烷偶联剂、固化剂、增塑剂、纳米填料加入剩下水中,混匀,得到溶液B;
3)将蜂蜡乳液、混合液B与混合液A混匀,得到淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料。
步骤1)中所述加热的温度为60℃-95℃,搅拌的时间为0.5h-1h。
步骤2)所述混匀是指通过搅拌混匀;搅拌的时间为0.5h-2h,搅拌的速度为400rpm-5000rpm。
步骤3)中所述混匀的时间为0.5h-1h。
所述淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料在制备疏水防油纸制品中的应用。特别是食品包装纸、快餐盒。
所述应用具体为将所述涂料施加在纸基材料表面,80℃-200℃干燥1h-2h,得到防水防油纸制品。
所述施加的方式为浸涂、旋涂、刮涂、涂布中的一种。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明所述涂料克服了淀粉吸湿性问题,用偶联剂偶联以后分子间作用力增大,形成的膜更加致密,只需要3-4g/㎡就可以起到防水以及防六级油的效果。
本发明所述涂料采用生物质材料淀粉为主要材料,其余成分也符合食品可解除材料的要求,对人体无毒无害,是一种可以用在食品包装上的环境友好型涂料。
本发明所述涂料在纸张上涂布后不影响印刷性能,并且方便回收且与纸张分离,会和纸张一起在自然环境下的降解。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的防水防油涂料的光学图;
图2为实施例1制备的防水防油涂料的防水防油测试效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步说明,但此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不限定本发明。实施例中百分数为重量百分数。
所述蜂蜡乳液是将蜂蜡通过使用FDA允许乳化剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、吐温80、大豆卵磷脂等)在60℃-90℃高压均质制备得到。
实施例中蜂蜡乳液是将蜂蜡、大豆卵磷脂以及水在75℃高压均质得到;蜂蜡、大豆卵磷脂以及水的质量比为35:4:100。
实施例1
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料制备:以下百分数为重量百分数,
将10%氧化淀粉(山东鲁森生物科技有限公司)加入30%水中,80℃加热搅拌30min进行糊化,冷却至室温后得到混合液A;
将2%3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、0.2%二乙烯三胺、1%甘油和4%纳米粘土加入到37.8%水中,600rpm搅拌1h后得到溶液B;
将15%蜂蜡乳液和混合液B加入到混合液A中,搅拌1h,得到淀粉基可降解防水防油涂料。
本实施例制备的氧化淀粉防水防油涂料涂布:
将涂料通过辊涂涂布到纸张表面,然后100℃干燥1h得到防水防油纸。涂布量6.3g/㎡,cobb60值为6.9g/㎡,kit为7。
图1为实施例1制备的防水防油涂料的光学图;
图2为实施例1制备的防水防油涂料的防水防油测试效果图。
实施例2
阳离子淀粉防水防油涂料制备:
1)将5%阳离子淀粉(苏州启航生物科技有限公司)加入30%水中,80℃加热搅拌30min进行糊化,冷却至室温后得到混合液A;
2)将1%3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、0.1%三乙烯四胺、0.5%邻苯二甲酸酯、4%纳米碳酸钙加入到44.4%水中,600rpm搅拌1h后得到溶液B;
3)将15%蜂蜡乳液和混合液B加入到混合液A中,搅拌1h,得到淀粉基可降解防水防油涂料。
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料涂布:
将涂料通过辊涂涂布到纸张表面,然后100℃干燥1h得到防水防油纸。涂布量5.7g/㎡,cobb60值为8.5g/㎡,kit为6。
实施例3
羟丙基氧化淀粉防水防油涂料制备:
1)将10%羟丙基氧化淀粉(山西中诺生物科技有限公司)加入32%水中,80℃加热搅拌30min进行糊化,冷却至室温后得到混合液A;
2)将2%3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、0.2%二乙基甲苯二胺、1%柠檬酸三乙酯、4%纳米二氧化钛加入到35.8%水中,600rpm搅拌1h后得到溶液B;
3)将15%蜂蜡乳液和混合液B加入到混合液A中,搅拌1h,得到淀粉基可降解防水防油涂料。
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料涂布:
将涂料通过辊涂涂布到纸张表面,然后100℃干燥1h得到防水防油纸。涂布量6.5g/㎡,cobb60值为6.3g/㎡,kit为7。
对比例1
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料制备:
1)将10%氧化淀粉(山东鲁森生物科技有限公司)加入33%水中,80℃加热搅拌30min进行糊化,冷却至室温后得到混合液A;
2)将0.2%二乙烯三胺、1%甘油、4%纳米粘土加入到36.8%水中,600rpm搅拌1h后得到溶液B;
3)将15%蜂蜡乳液和混合液B加入到混合液A中,搅拌1h,得到淀粉基可降解防水防油涂料。
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料涂布:
将涂料通过辊涂涂布到纸张表面,然后100℃干燥1h得到防水防油纸。涂布量6.5g/㎡,cobb60值为50.8g/㎡,kit为7。
对比例2
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料制备:
1)将10%氧化淀粉(山东鲁森生物科技有限公司)加入33%水中,80℃加热搅拌30min进行糊化,冷却至室温后得到混合液A;
2)将2%3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、1%甘油、4%纳米粘土加入到35%水中,600rpm搅拌1h后得到溶液B;
3)将15%蜂蜡乳液和混合液B加入到混合液A中,搅拌1h,得到淀粉基可降解防水防油涂料。
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料涂布:
将涂料通过辊涂涂布到纸张表面,然后100℃干燥1h得到防水防油纸。涂布量6.3g/㎡,cobb60值为46.4g/㎡,kit为7。
对比例3
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料制备:
1)将10%氧化淀粉(山东鲁森生物科技有限公司)加入33%水中,80℃加热搅拌30min进行糊化,冷却至室温后得到混合液A;
2)将2%3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、0.2%二乙烯三胺、4%纳米粘土加入到35.8%水中,600rpm搅拌1h后得到溶液B;
3)将15%蜂蜡乳液和混合液B加入到混合液A中,搅拌1h,得到淀粉基可降解防水防油涂料。
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料涂布:
将涂料通过辊涂涂布到纸张表面,然后100℃干燥1h得到防水防油纸。涂布量6.3g/㎡,cobb60值为7.5g/㎡,kit为6。
对比例4
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料制备:
1)将10%氧化淀粉(山东鲁森生物科技有限公司)加入36%水中,80℃加热搅拌30min进行糊化,冷却至室温后得到混合液A;
2)将2%3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、0.2%二乙烯三胺、1%甘油、4%纳米粘土加入到46.8%水中,600rpm搅拌1h后得到溶液B;
3)将混合液B加入到混合液A中,搅拌1h,得到淀粉基可降解防水防油涂料。
氧化淀粉防水防油涂料涂布:
将涂料通过辊涂涂布到纸张表面,然后100℃干燥1h得到防水防油纸。涂布量6.3g/㎡,cobb60值为9.6g/㎡,kit为7。
Claims (8)
1.一种淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料,其特征在于:由以下按重量百分比计的组分组成:改性淀粉5%-30%、蜂蜡乳液10%-20%、硅烷偶联剂0.5%-10%、固化剂0.1%-2%、增塑剂0.5%-2%、纳米填料2%-10%、水30%-80%;
所述改性淀粉为氧化淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、阳离子淀粉、羟丙基氧化淀粉中一种以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料,其特征在于:所述硅烷偶联剂为3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种以上;
所述固化剂为二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、二乙基甲苯二胺中的一种以上;
所述增塑剂为甘油、柠檬酸三乙酯、邻苯二甲酸酯中的一种以上;
所述纳米填料为纳米碳酸钙、纳米粘土、纳米二氧化钛、纳米硅酸盐、纳米二氧化硅中的一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1~2任一项所述淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)将改性淀粉加入部分水中,加热搅拌进行糊化,冷却,得到混合液A;
2)将硅烷偶联剂、固化剂、增塑剂、纳米填料加入剩下水中,混匀,得到溶液B;
3)将蜂蜡乳液、混合液B与混合液A混匀,得到淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料。
4.根据权利要求3所述淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述加热的温度为60℃-95℃,搅拌的时间为0.5h-1h;
步骤2)所述混匀是指通过搅拌混匀;搅拌的时间为0.5h-2h,搅拌的速度为400rpm-5000rpm;
步骤3)中所述混匀的时间为0.5h-1h。
5.根据权利要求1所述淀粉基降解型防水防油涂料在制备疏水防油纸制品中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于:所述纸制品为食品包装纸、快餐盒。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于:具体为将涂料施加在纸基材料表面,80℃-200℃干燥1h-2h,得到防水防油纸制品。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:所述施加的方式为浸涂、旋涂、刮涂、涂布中的一种。
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