CN112962356B - 一种高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112962356B
CN112962356B CN202110104019.0A CN202110104019A CN112962356B CN 112962356 B CN112962356 B CN 112962356B CN 202110104019 A CN202110104019 A CN 202110104019A CN 112962356 B CN112962356 B CN 112962356B
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段华伟
于文喜
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其原料包括废纸浆悬浮液,壳聚糖改性的填料,可降解防水剂,助留剂。本发明创造性的利用可降解的聚醚型水性聚氨酯预聚物和聚二甲基硅氧烷在烘烤阶段的交联成型作为可降解防水剂,使纸浆模塑制品表面的防水层具有可降解功能。本发明并结合壳聚糖包覆改性纳米填料有效分散于废纸浆悬浮液,以及助留剂的天然亲水胶体利用其特殊的多羟基结构,提高了纸浆模塑材料抗压性能,可降解性和抗水防潮性。

Description

一种高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纸浆模塑技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
纸浆模塑材料(纸塑)是以一次纤维或二次纤维为主要原料,并用特殊的模具使纤维脱水成型,再经干燥和整型而得到的一种包装材料。纸塑具有原料廉价易得,生产过程无污染,制品抗震、缓冲、透气、防静电性能好,可回收易降解等优点,从而在电子材料、日化用品、生鲜等的包装领域具有广阔的应用前景。
纸塑在我国已经发展30多年,取得了很大的进步,特别是在一次性环保餐具和一次性包装已取得。但目前纸浆模塑材料还存在以下问题,限制了其进一步推广应用:
1、现有的纸浆模塑材料抗压强度不足
目前纸浆模塑材料由于采用二次纸浆纤维,结合力有限,机械强度较低,承压性能差。为提高纸浆模塑材料抗压强度,直接使用原生浆(木浆、竹浆、蔗渣浆等)来提高材料质量,这样既增加成本又不环保。
2、白度和紧实度不足,影响纸浆模塑材料的外观视觉效果
现有纸浆模塑材料在采用废弃瓦楞纸板边角料、废旧报纸、书纸、麦秸秆及各类植物残渣作为二次纤维原料时,虽在打浆过程中去除了大部分杂质,但原有色素的残留还是会对制成成品白度产生影响。此外,在制造过程中,制品中通过烘干和压制去除大部分水分,但受制于保留纤维不被过大吸附压力带走的的要求,紧实度仍不高,整体平整度仍不足,影响视觉效果。
3、抗水防潮性不足,限制了其进一步应用
纸浆模塑材料的主要原料为植物纤维,吸水性强,容易吸水受潮,影响二次使用。因此常因受潮吸水而破坏纤维结构,导致机械性能大幅下降。
为了解决现有的纸浆模塑材料抗压强度不足以及防水的问题,现有技术是加入高强度的合成纤维素改善普通植物纤维的机械强度,在纸浆模塑烘干过程中在其表面喷涂丙烯酸、聚乙烯蜡涂层等。例如CN 108729308 B公开了一种纸浆模塑材料的制备方法,该方法是先将纳米微晶纤维素进行乙酰化,然后将乙酰化纳米微晶纤维素和聚乳酸混合后再与经碎解分散的植物纤维及化学助剂进行混合,最后热压定型切边后得纸浆模塑材料。该技术在纳米微晶纤维素乙酰化过程中,洗涤过程要使用大量水和丙酮,对水环境在成严重污染。CN 106948224 B公开了一种纸浆模塑制品的制备方法,其公开在纸浆模塑制品干坯的表面均匀涂覆喷涂溶液,并进行干燥;其中,喷涂溶液中包括丙烯酸乳液、蒸馏水、乙醇、聚乙烯蜡乳液、氨水、十二烷基硫酸钠。该方法虽有效提高了纸浆模塑制品的防水性能,但喷涂增加了表面处理成本,且涂层不可降解,给环境带来污染。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有的纸浆模塑材料抗压性能、可降解性和抗水防潮性的不足,提供一种环保型的高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是提供高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,按重量份计,其原料包括废纸浆悬浮液70~80份,增强填料5~10份,防水剂4~8份,助留剂0.03~0.08份,漂白剂1~3份。
所述增强填料为壳聚糖改性的填料,通过壳聚糖包覆纳米填料,并有效分散于废纸浆悬浮液中,可显著增强纸浆纤维的抗压强度,并实现可降解的目的。
进一步地,所述增强填料包括碳酸钙、蒙脱土、石墨烯的一种或多种。
所述防水剂为可降解防水剂,其原料包括聚醚型水性聚氨酯预聚物、聚硅氧烷、抗静电剂和二氧化硅。具有聚醚链段的可降解水性聚氨酯预聚物和聚硅氧烷反应制得的防水剂,包含了性能差别很大的聚醚链段和聚硅氧烷链段,亲水性的聚醚链段赋予其水溶性,疏液、疏水性的聚硅氧烷链段赋予其低表面张力,防水剂固化成膜后实现了可降解和防水的功能。
进一步地,所述可降解防水剂的原料中聚醚型水性聚氨酯预聚物、聚硅氧烷、抗静电剂和二氧化硅的质量比为100∶0.5~1.2∶1~3∶5~8。
进一步地,所述助留剂为瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、葫芦巴胶、亚麻籽胶的一种或多种,利用其特殊的多羟基结构与纸浆模塑中纤维作用,提高纸张强度和助留与助滤功能。
进一步地,所述漂白剂包括双氧水、甲脒亚磺酸和硼氢化钠的一种或多种。
根据上述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料提供其制备方法,制备步骤包括:
S1.将原料粉碎,浸泡,打浆后过滤得到滤渣,清洗后制成废纸浆悬浮液;
S2.将废纸浆悬浮液漂白后送至调浆池,加入助留剂,搅拌均匀后再加入增强填料,经搅拌后得到初级浆料;
S3.将初级浆料通过负压将纤维均匀吸附在成型模具的下模具上,并将其浸入防水剂溶液中20~30min,然后与成型模具的上模具合模,开模后得到纸浆模塑湿坯;
S4.将纸浆模塑湿坯烘干至含水率3~5%,放入模具压制成型得到纸浆模塑材料。
进一步地,步骤S1中所述原料包括废瓦楞纸、废铜版纸、秸秆,其中废瓦楞纸:废铜版纸:秸秆的质量比为1:0.2~0.5:1.5~2。
进一步地,步骤S1中所述废纸浆悬浮液的固含量为11~15%;步骤S3中所述防水剂溶液中防水剂的固含量为38~42%。
进一步地,步骤S2中所述漂白包括三阶段漂白工艺,第一阶段:双氧水处理25~35min;第二阶段:甲脒亚磺酸在85~95℃下搅拌25~35min;第三阶段:硼氢化钠在50~60℃下搅拌60~80min。
进一步地,步骤S4中所述压制成型的温度为100~130℃,压力为10~20MN,热压时间为30~50s。
与现有技术相比,有益效果是:
本发明创造性的利用可降解的水性聚醚型聚氨酯预聚物和聚二甲基硅氧烷在烘烤阶段的交联成型使纸浆模塑制品表面的防水层具有可降解功能。并采用壳聚糖包覆改性纳米填料,通过壳聚糖包覆纳米CaCO3,并有效分散于废纸浆悬浮液中,可显著增强纸浆纤维的抗压强度,并实现可降解的目的。另外,本发明采用瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,葫芦巴胶、亚麻籽胶等天然亲水胶体,利用其特殊的多羟基结构,与纸浆模塑中纤维作用起到提高纸张强度和助留与助滤功能。本发明极大的提高了纸浆模塑材料抗压性能,可降解性和抗水防潮性。
本发明的制备方法步骤简单、高效,在纸浆模塑初步成型后,再浸入可降解防水剂溶液中,完成表面防水处理,并在烘烤阶段完成表面防水剂的交联成型,免去了纸浆模塑烘干成型后喷涂防水剂工序及防水剂再烘干工序,节约了能源。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步解释和阐明,但具体实施例并不对本发明有任何形式的限定。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的方法和设备为本领常规方法和设备,所用原料均为常规市售原料。
实施例1
本实施例提供可降解防水剂的制备方法,制备步骤包括:
S1.甘油基聚环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇制备
将起始剂(蔗糖、甘油)和催化剂(其中蔗糖、甘油摩尔比1:0.95~1,催化剂为起始剂质量的1%~1.5%)投入到聚合釜中,用氮气置换空气3~5次后,加热至110~120℃,边搅拌边抽真空,让蔗糖、甘油和催化剂完全反应,反应时间在1~1.2h。用高压泵加入环氧丙烷,控制环氧丙烷滴加速度为3~6L/min,以维持聚合压力在0.3~0.5MPa和聚合温度在110~120℃,环氧丙烷加完后,保持温度不变,继续在反应釜里反应,直到压强为负压,停止反应。将上述制得的产物转移到1000L的反应釜中,升温至130℃,加入起始剂质量50%~60%的水后,加入起始剂质量1.1%~1.5%的草酸和3%~5%的活性炭,然后搅拌、过滤,再经抽真空脱水,制得甘油基聚环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇。
S2.环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物制备
将已脱水的乳酸和甘油基聚环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇按质量比1:0.5~1.2混合,升温至120~130℃酯化3~4h,减压抽真空去除小分子杂质后,加入混合物质量分数0.35%~0.40%的铋锌复合催化剂,升温至180~190℃,恒温缩聚反应6~7h,获得羟基封端的环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物。
S3.可降解防水剂制备
将环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物和聚-3-羟基丁酸酯按质量比1:1~1.3混合,加热到140~150℃形成熔融混合物,然后真空干燥1~2h,降温至70~80℃,加入熔融混合物质量40~60%的HDI,升温至80~90℃反应2~3h后,降温至55~60℃,加入熔融混合物质量0.3~0.5%的铋锌复合催化剂、10~15%的二羟甲基丁酸和15~25%甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯,升温至60~70℃反应,黏度较高时,降温至30~35℃,加入丙酮降黏,然后升温至65℃反应5~6h,制得聚氨酯预聚物,降温至25~30℃,加入三乙胺,控制PH为7~8进行中和反应10~15min,再滴加乙二胺,控制PH值为8~9进行扩链反应10~15min,抽真空蒸出丙酮,按固体分质量比为100∶0.5~1.2∶1~3∶5~8的比例依次加入聚二甲基硅氧烷、季铵盐抗静电剂和超细二氧化硅,充分搅拌混合均匀,加水调节固含量至38~42%,得到可降解防水剂。
实施例2
本实施例提供可降解改性增强填料的制备方法,制备步骤包括:
S1.纳米CaCO3改性
称取5kg纳米CaCO3放入到反应釜中,加入50L蒸馏水,恒温水浴搅拌并加热至80℃。在反应釜中加入85L水,并按硬脂酸:月桂酸钠质量比1:1配置改性剂,充分溶解后慢慢加入到上述反应釜中,并加热至90℃,搅拌反应1h,得到纳米CaCO3改性悬浮液。
S2.壳聚糖包覆改性纳米CaCO3
将纳米CaCO3改性悬浮液,降温至70℃,加入CaCO3质量100-120%的己二酸溶液,搅拌反应1h,过滤,洗涤除去未反应的己二酸,重新分散于蒸馏水中,滴加入浓度5%的壳聚糖溶液中,反应,过滤,充分洗涤,干燥,研磨成粉末,得最终壳聚糖包覆改性纳米CaCO3
实施例3
本实施例提供高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料的制备方法,制备步骤包括:
S1、将废瓦楞纸、废铜版纸、秸秆采用粉碎机剪切,按废瓦楞纸、废铜版纸、秸秆质量比1:0.3:1.8配料,浸泡、打浆后过滤,得滤渣,将滤渣水洗3~5次后加入水中,制成固含量为13%的废纸浆悬浮液。
S2、将废纸浆悬浮液,泵送至含H2O2的第一漂白处理槽,搅拌30min后泵送至含甲脒亚磺酸的第二漂白处理槽,蒸汽90℃,保温搅拌30min后泵送至含硼氢化钠的第三漂白处理槽,蒸汽60℃,保温搅拌60min。
S3、将经漂白处理的废纸浆悬浮液泵送至调浆池,在调浆池内加入助留剂,经搅拌30min后,加入可降解改性增强填料,经搅拌60min后,得到高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料初级浆料。
S4、将成型模具的下模浸入初级浆料池中,通过负压将初级浆料中的纤维均匀地吸附在其表面,将下模转移到可降解防水剂溶液池中,在负压条件下,浸泡20min后与上模合模,开模得到纸浆模塑湿坯。
S5、将纸浆模塑湿坯烘干至含水率3~5%,烘干后的纸浆模塑坯放入100~130℃的模具内,采用10~20MN的压力进压制,热压时间为30~50s,得到成品。
实施例4~9
以实施例1~2制备得到可降解防水剂和改性纳米CaCO3在按照表1所述的成分含量,根据实施例3记载的方法制备高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,表1成分如下表所示:
表1
Figure BDA0002916625690000061
对比例1
本对比提供一种纸浆模塑材料的制备方法,各组分的用量及具体步骤与实施例4的基本相同,其区别在于本对比例的纸浆模塑材料不含防水剂组分。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种纸浆模塑材料的制备方法,各组分的用量及具体步骤与实施例4的基本相同,其区别在于本对比例的纸浆模塑材料不含可降解改性增强填料组分。
将实施例4~9和对比例1~2制备的纸浆模塑材料分别测试机械强度、防水性能和降解性,其中机械强度测试采用万能材料试验机进行测试,水、油接触角采用JIC-1湿润角测量仪进行测试,降解性能分别采用霉菌浸蚀试验、纤维素霉浸蚀试验(眼观)、堆肥试验进行测试。测试结果如表2所示:
表2
Figure BDA0002916625690000062
Figure BDA0002916625690000071
根据上表所述内容可以看出,本发明制得的纸浆模塑材料在抗水、防油、机械强度和降解性方面均有显著改进。比较例1缺少防水剂成分,防水防油性大幅下降,机械强度略有下降,比较例2缺少可降解增强填料,机械性能下降明显。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,按重量份计,其原料包括废纸浆悬浮液70~80份,增强填料5~10份,防水剂4~8份,助留剂0.03~0.08份,漂白剂1~3份;
制备步骤包括:
S1.将原料粉碎,浸泡,打浆后过滤得到滤渣,清洗后制成废纸浆悬浮液;
S2.将废纸浆悬浮液漂白后送至调浆池,加入助留剂,搅拌均匀后再加入增强填料,经搅拌后得到初级浆料;
S3.将初级浆料通过负压将纤维均匀吸附在成型模具的下模具上,并将其浸入防水剂溶液中20~30min,然后与成型模具的上模具合模,开模后得到纸浆模塑湿坯;
S4.将纸浆模塑湿坯烘干至含水率3~5%,放入模具压制成型得到纸浆模塑材料;
所述增强填料为壳聚糖改性的填料;所述防水剂为可降解防水剂,可降解防水剂的原料包括聚醚型水性聚氨酯预聚物和聚硅氧烷;
所述可降解防水剂的制备步骤包括:将蔗糖、甘油和环氧丙烷催化反应生成甘油基聚环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇,再将甘油基聚环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇与乳酸反应得到环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物,最后将环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物与和聚-3-羟基丁酸酯反应制得聚氨酯预聚物,再加入聚二甲基硅氧烷搅拌混合均匀得到可降解防水剂;
步骤S4中所述压制成型的温度为100~130℃,压力为10~20MN,热压时间为30~50s。
2.根据权利要求1所述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,所述增强填料包括碳酸钙、蒙脱土、石墨烯的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,所述可降解防水剂的原料包括还包括抗静电剂和二氧化硅;聚醚型水性聚氨酯预聚物、聚硅氧烷、抗静电剂和二氧化硅的质量比为100∶0.5~1.2∶1~3∶5~8。
4.根据权利要求1所述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,所述助留剂为瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、葫芦巴胶、亚麻籽胶的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,所述漂白剂包括双氧水、甲脒亚磺酸和硼氢化钠的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述原料包括废瓦楞纸、废铜版纸、秸秆,其中废瓦楞纸:废铜版纸:秸秆的质量比为1:0.2~0.5:1.5~2。
7.根据权利要求1所述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述废纸浆悬浮液的固含量为11~15%;步骤S3中所述防水剂溶液中防水剂的固含量为38~42%。
8.根据权利要求1所述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述漂白包括三阶段漂白工艺,第一阶段:双氧水处理25~35min;第二阶段:甲脒亚磺酸在85~95℃下搅拌25~35min;第三阶段:硼氢化钠在50~60℃下搅拌60~80min。
9.根据权利要求1所述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,步骤S4中所述压制成型的温度为100~130℃,压力为10~20MN,热压时间为30~50s。
10.根据权利要求1所述高抗压强度、防水纸浆模塑材料,其特征在于,所述增强填料的制备步骤包括:在经过硬脂酸、月桂酸钠改性的纳米填料悬浮液中加入己二酸,反应后除去未反应的己二酸,再分散于蒸馏水中,并加入壳聚糖溶液中,反应,过滤后得到壳聚糖包覆改性纳米CaCO3
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