CN115217586A - 起步时运行车辆的驱动系的内燃机的方法和车辆 - Google Patents

起步时运行车辆的驱动系的内燃机的方法和车辆 Download PDF

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CN115217586A
CN115217586A CN202210389170.8A CN202210389170A CN115217586A CN 115217586 A CN115217586 A CN 115217586A CN 202210389170 A CN202210389170 A CN 202210389170A CN 115217586 A CN115217586 A CN 115217586A
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combustion engine
internal combustion
aftertreatment system
vehicle
exhaust gas
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M·维林
M·马蒂尼
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0255Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B60W20/16Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for reducing engine exhaust emissions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18027Drive off, accelerating from standstill
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/10Interpretation of driver requests or demands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/12Limiting control by the driver depending on vehicle state, e.g. interlocking means for the control input for preventing unsafe operation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/08Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling
    • F02D41/086Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling taking into account the temperature of the engine
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0677Engine power
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/08Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0802Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • F02D2200/0804Estimation of the temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在起步时运行车辆的驱动系的内燃机的方法和一种车辆。该车辆具有用于净化燃烧发动机的排气的排气后处理系统,其中在启动内燃机之后使驱动系以第一运行状态运行,其中在第一运行状态下,使内燃机怠速运行、由内燃机加热排气后处理系统、并且起步锁是启用的,其中在第一运行状态下启用的起步锁防止了使用内燃机来起步,其中在达到排气后处理系统的预先限定的状态之后,使驱动系以第二运行状态运行,其中在第二运行状态下起步锁是停用的,因而在第二运行状态下能够使用内燃机来起步。

Description

起步时运行车辆的驱动系的内燃机的方法和车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在起步时运行车辆的驱动系的内燃机(Verbrennungskraftmaschine,燃烧动力发动机)的方法和一种车辆。
背景技术
尤其在满足将来的机动车辆排放要求方面,需要避免机动车辆的在其中产生高排气排放的运行状态,尤其是机动车辆、尤其燃烧动力车辆的在其中产生高排气排放的运行状态。尤其在排气后处理系统的加热阶段、即在排气后处理系统尚不能发挥其全部作用的阶段期间,产生高排放、即所谓的冷排放。在此,冷排放的水平很大程度上与用户驾驶风格和排气后处理系统的加热能力相关。尤其在首次启动机动车辆的内燃机之后使车辆首次起步时产生这样的冷排放,因为在机动车辆静止较长时间之后首次起步或首次起动时排气后处理系统的温度低于排气后处理系统的原本的运行温度或运行温度窗,其中排气后处理系统在该运行温度下才发挥其全部作用或至少可接受的作用。因此,在低于排气后处理系统的运行温度的情况下,有害物质含量较高的排气从排气后处理系统排出。
从DE 11 2011 104 708 B4已知一种混合动力车辆,该混合动力车辆具有内燃机和催化器。在该文献中描述了一种用于运行混合动力车辆的方法,其中在内燃机较冷的情况下首次启动时使混合动力车辆至少电起步,并且在起步之前、随着起步或在起步之后启动内燃机并且使内燃机以与电动机的电动运行相独立的燃烧运行来运行以加热催化器。
DE 10 2009 027 642 A1还描述了一种用于控制混合动力车辆的驱动系的方法,其中在内燃机较冷的情况下首次启动混合动力驱动装置时使混合动力车辆至少电起步,并且在起步之前、随着起步或在起步之后启动内燃机并且使内燃机以与电动机的电动运行相独立的燃烧运行来运行以加热催化器。
DE 10 2009 027 641 A1和DE 103 33 210 A1形成了其他现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种方法和一种车辆,其突出之处在于在起步或起动时排放特别低。根据本发明的方法尤其是一种用于在冷起动、即在内燃机较冷的情况下起动时运行内燃机的方法。
所述目的通过接下来两个段落中描述的用于在车辆起步时运行车辆的驱动系的内燃机的方法和下述的尤其适合用于执行该方法和该方法的其中一个或多个有利实施方式的车辆来实现。
根据本发明的方法涉及一种用于在车辆起步时运行车辆的驱动系的内燃机的方法。车辆具有用于净化燃烧发动机(Verbrennungmotor,内燃发动机)的排气的排气后处理系统,其中在启动内燃机之后使驱动系以第一运行状态运行,其中在该第一运行状态下,使内燃机怠速运行。由内燃机来加热、尤其由内燃机的排气来加热排气后处理系统。在该第一运行状态下,起步锁是启用的,其中在第一运行状态下被启用的起步锁防止了使用内燃机来起步。因此,车辆无法起步或车辆无法起动。起步锁尤其可以被设计成使得在起步锁被启用的情况下,机动车辆的驾驶员无法挂挡。
在达到排气后处理系统的预先限定的状态、尤其排气后处理系统的预先设定的运行温度之后,驱动系以第二运行状态运行,其中在第二运行状态下,起步锁是停用的,因而在第二运行状态下能够使用内燃机来起步。
因此,根据本发明的方法确保了:在启动内燃机之后,排气后处理系统首先达到预先限定的状态、尤其是预先限定的温度,从而提高了排气后处理系统的效率。在该时间期间,车辆不能使用内燃机来起步,从而避免了出于使车辆起步的目的来向内燃机请求伴随有高排放的高功率。
在第二运行状态下、即在排气后处理系统已经达到所需效率的状态下才可以使用内燃机来起步。由此,避免了由于在排气后处理系统效率降低的情况下起步而引起的高排放。
完全可设想的是,在第一运行状态下车辆驾驶员无法影响燃烧发动机的转速,例如踩下油门踏板不会引起内燃机的转速提高。
被视为特别有利的是,排气后处理系统是可电加温的,尤其是具有可电加温的催化器,其中在启动内燃机之前就对排气后处理系统进行电加热。这具有的优点是,在内燃机的排气到达排气后处理系统中之前,排气后处理系统就已经具有提高的运行温度。由此还加速了排气后处理系统的加热并且因此更快速地达到驱动系的第二运行状态。完全可设想的是,还将载体质量流引入到排气后处理系统中,以便在排气后处理系统中分配在电加热时产生的热量。
还被视为有利的是,仅在达到排气后处理系统的预先限定的第二状态之后才能够启动或者才启动燃烧发动机。
尤其提出的是,在第二运行状态下,将驾驶员可请求的燃烧发动机的最大功率限制到低于燃烧发动机的最大可能功率的值。这尤其在如下情况下是有利的:尽管排气后处理系统的预先限定的状态足以在起步时避免高排放,但通过排气后处理系统的进一步升温该排气后处理系统的效率仍进一步提高。通过将驾驶员可请求的最大功率限制到低于燃烧发动机的最大可能功率值的值,避免了由于燃烧发动机的高功率输出而引起高排放。完全可设想的是,在第二运行状态下,驾驶员可请求的燃烧发动机的最大功率随时间的推移持续增大。
被视为有利的是,驾驶员可请求的最大功率与排气后处理系统的状态相关,驾驶员能够尤其是在达到排气后处理系统的另外的、预先限定的状态之后请求燃烧发动机的最大可能功率。
被视为有利的是,根据排气后处理系统的温度、尤其是根据催化器的温度来确定排气后处理系统的状态。
被视为特别有利的是,车辆具有电动机,其中能够与排气后处理系统的状态无关地使用电动机来起步。
然而还完全可设想的是,除了内燃机之外,驱动系不具有任何另外的驱动机组。在这方面,车辆涉及的是纯燃烧器。
根据本发明的车辆尤其适合用于执行根据本发明的方法和该方法的其中一个或多个有利实施方式。车辆具有带有内燃机的驱动系,其中车辆具有用于净化燃烧发动机的排气的排气后处理系统并且还具有控制装置,其中控制装置被配置成使得在启动内燃机之后使驱动系以第一运行状态运行,其中在第一运行状态下,使内燃机怠速运行、由内燃机加热排气后处理系统、并且起步锁是启用的,其中在第一运行状态下被启用的起步锁防止了使用内燃机来使车辆起步。控制装置还被配置成使得:在达到排气后处理系统的预先限定的状态之后,驱动系以第二运行状态运行,其中在第二运行状态下,起步锁是停用的,因而在第二运行状态下能够使用内燃机来起步。
在车辆的有利实施方式中提出的是,车辆具有用于显示驱动系的运行状态和/或起步锁的状态和/或可请求的最大功率的显示器。
还提供另外的有利实施方式。
附图说明
在下图中将借助实施例更详细地阐述本发明,而不受限于此。
在附图中:
图1示出用于比较不同的起步类型的曲线图。
附图标记清单
1 在运动式起步时的功率曲线
2 在符合排放标准地起步时的上限
3 在根据WLTC起步时的功率曲线
4 在根据本发明起步时的功率曲线
5 第一时间区间
6 第二时间区间
具体实施方式
图1示例性地示出了在启动车辆的内燃机之后在不同车辆起步类型下的不同功率曲线。具有附图标记1的曲线示出了在运动式起步时的功率曲线。曲线2示出了在符合排放标准地起步时的上限。曲线3示出了在根据WLTC测试循环(W0rldwide harmonized Lightduty Test Cycle,全球统一轻型车辆测试循环)起步时的功率曲线。具有附图标记4的曲线示出了在根据本发明起步时的功率曲线。
根据图1的曲线图的在曲线2上方的面积区域相当于具有高排放的区域并且在曲线2下方的区域相当于具有低排放的区域。相对应地,功率曲线在曲线2下方的区域中在排放方面可以被视为有利的。
在运动式起步、即在发动机启动之后不久就要求以非常高的发动机功率起步时,排气后处理系统尚未达到所需的温度,因而排气后处理是比较差的或不完全的,因此在以根据曲线1的运动式起步时会出现有害排放的排出量增大。
在根据本发明的方法中提出的是,在启动内燃机之后使驱动系以第一运行状态运行,其中在该第一运行状态下使内燃机怠速运行。相对应地,在该第一运行状态下由内燃机加热排气后处理系统,其中由于怠速而仅有少量的排气到达排气后处理系统中,因而排气后处理系统可以充分地处理所述排气。在该第一运行状态下,起步锁是启用的,因而防止了使用内燃机来起步。
在当前的根据图1的示例性示例中,在启动发动机之后的第一时间区间5中、即自时间点0起直至大约6秒的时间点,使驱动系以第一运行状态运行。随后是第二时间区间6,其中在该时间区间中使驱动系以第二运行状态运行,其中在第二运行状态下,起步锁是停用的,因而在第二运行状态下,即自启动发动机之后大约6秒的时间点起,可以使用内燃机来起步。
此外,在第二运行状态下、即在第二时间区间6中,驾驶员可请求的燃烧发动机的最大功率被限制到低于燃烧发动机的最大可能功率的值。由此,可以进一步加热排气后处理系统,以提高排气后处理系统的效率。在第二时间区间6的区域中,驾驶员可请求的燃烧发动机的最大功率持续提高。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于在起步时运行车辆的驱动系的内燃机的方法,其中所述车辆具有用于净化所述燃烧发动机的排气的排气后处理系统,其中在启动所述内燃机之后使所述驱动系以第一运行状态运行,其中在所述第一运行状态下,使所述内燃机怠速运行、由所述内燃机加热所述排气后处理系统、并且起步锁是启用的,其中在所述第一运行状态下被启用的所述起步锁防止了使用所述内燃机来起步,其中在达到所述排气后处理系统的预先限定的状态之后,使所述驱动系以第二运行状态运行,其中在所述第二运行状态下所述起步锁是停用的,因而在所述第二运行状态下能够使用所述内燃机来起步。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述排气后处理系统是可电加温的,尤其是具有可电加温的催化器,其中在启动所述内燃机之前就对所述排气后处理系统进行电加热。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中在达到所述排气后处理系统的另外的、预先限定的状态之后才能够启动所述燃烧发动机。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中在所述第二运行状态下,将所述驾驶员可请求的燃烧发动机的最大功率限制到低于所述燃烧发动机的最大可能功率的值。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述驾驶员可请求的最大功率与所述排气后处理系统的状态相关,驾驶员能够尤其是在达到所述排气后处理系统的另外的、预先限定的状态之后请求所述燃烧发动机的最大可能功率。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中根据所述排气后处理系统的温度来确定所述排气后处理系统的状态。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述车辆具有电动机,其中能够与所述排气后处理系统的状态无关地使用所述电动机来起步。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中除了所述内燃机之外,所述驱动系不具有任何另外的驱动机组。
9.一种车辆,尤其是用于执行根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法的车辆,所述车辆具有带有内燃机的驱动系,其中所述车辆具有用于净化所述燃烧发动机的排气的排气后处理系统,还具有控制装置,其中所述控制装置被配置成使得在启动所述内燃机之后使所述驱动系以第一运行状态运行,其中在所述第一运行状态下,使所述内燃机怠速运行、由所述内燃机加热所述排气后处理系统、并且起步锁是启用的,其中在所述第一运行状态下启用的所述起步锁防止了使用所述内燃机来使所述车辆起步,其中所述控制装置被配置成使得:在达到所述排气后处理系统的预先限定的状态之后,所述驱动系以第二运行状态运行,其中在所述第二运行状态下,所述起步锁是停用的,因而在所述第二运行状态下能够使用所述内燃机来起步。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车辆,其中所述车辆具有用于显示所述驱动系的运行状态和/或所述起步锁的状态和/或所述可请求的最大功率的显示器。
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