CN115196948A - 一种薄胎瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种薄胎瓷及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 5
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种薄胎瓷及其制备方法,涉及陶瓷加工技术领域。该薄胎瓷的制备方法包括:备取陶瓷坯体原料和釉层原料。陶瓷坯体原料包括:纳米陶瓷粉25~30份、高岭土10~15份、长石10~15份、石英15~25份、锂辉石2~7份、纳米氧化锡0.1~0.5份。釉层原料包括:高岭土10~15份、长石35~45份、石英20~30份、滑石5~10份、碳酸钡0.5~2份、硅灰石2~4份。将陶瓷坯体原料制成坯料,将釉层原料制成釉料;将坯料烧制成陶瓷坯体;在陶瓷坯体上施加釉料后,烧制得到薄胎瓷。该薄胎瓷的厚度薄,透明度高,且韧性好,不易断裂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷加工技术领域,且特别涉及一种薄胎瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
薄胎瓷器,俗称蛋壳瓷器。以“薄如纸、白如玉、明如镜、声如磬”闻名世界,被誉为“中国陶瓷艺术皇冠上的明珠”。传统的薄胎瓷器,大部分是工艺瓷,产品的形制包括茶具、花瓶、鱼缸等。但是,薄胎瓷器由于瓷胎轻薄,导致产品强度低,在应用于成套茶具等日常用具时,容易发生碎裂,极大影响了薄胎瓷器实用价值。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本公开提出了一种薄胎瓷及其制备方法。
本公开解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的。
本公开的第一方面提供一种薄胎瓷的制备方法,包括:
备取陶瓷坯体原料和釉层原料,按照重量份数计,所述陶瓷坯体原料包括:纳米陶瓷粉25~30份、高岭土10~15份、长石10~15份、石英15~25 份、锂辉石2~7份、纳米氧化锡0.1~0.5份;按照重量份数计,所述釉层原料包括:高岭土10~15份、长石35~45份、石英20~30份、滑石5~10份、碳酸钡0.5~2份、硅灰石2~4份;
将所述陶瓷坯体原料制成坯料,将所述釉层原料制成釉料;
将所述坯料烧制成陶瓷坯体;
在所述陶瓷坯体上施加所述釉料后,烧制得到所述薄胎瓷。
在本公开的一种实施例中,所述薄胎瓷的厚度为0.2~0.6mm。
在本公开的一种实施例中,将所述坯料烧制成陶瓷坯体的步骤包括:
制备模具;
将所述坯料注入所述模具中,成型得到坯体;
对所述坯体进行修整后,入窑烧制,其中,烧制过程包括:在800~980℃条件下预烧结0.5~1.5h后,在1100~1180℃条件下烧成8~10h,得到所述陶瓷坯体。
进一步地,模具例如可以采用石膏进行制备。在注浆后,采用冷风对模具进行冷却,加快坯体成型。
在本公开的一种实施例中,在所述陶瓷坯体上施加所述釉料后,烧制得到所述薄胎瓷的步骤包括:
采用浸釉工艺在所述陶瓷坯体形成釉面;
将具有釉面的陶瓷坯体入窑烧制,得到所述薄胎瓷。
具体地,浸釉工艺为将陶瓷坯体浸入釉料中,使得釉料附着在坯体表明,形成釉面。
在本公开的一种实施例中,所述具有釉面的陶瓷坯体采用还原气氛进行煅烧,烧成温度为1280~1330℃,烧成时间为15~25h。
在本公开的一种实施例中,还包括:对所述薄胎瓷进行二次烧结,所述二次烧结包括以下步骤:
对所述薄胎瓷的周缘部位进行打磨处理;
对打磨位置施加二次釉料,所述二次釉料包括质量分数为91~95%的所述釉层原料、3~6%的方解石以及2~4%硅酸锆;
将施加二次釉料后的产物入窑烧制,烧成温度为1180~1230℃,烧成时间为15~25h。
具体地,薄胎瓷的周缘部位即为薄胎瓷边角位置,例如开口位置和底部位置。施加二次釉料的方式例如可以为喷涂的方式。
上述二次烧结过程中,通过在原有的釉层原料上加入方解石,有效提高了产品周缘位置的透明度,加入硅酸锆提高了釉料的强度,提高产品的抗磕碰能力。通过对开口和底部进行打磨处理后再次施釉烧结,极大增加了产品的强度和美观性。
在本公开的一种实施例中,所述坯料按照以下步骤进行制备:将所述陶瓷坯体原料粉碎后,加水进行真空湿法球磨处理,然后经过筛、除铁、陈腐得到所述坯料,其中,所述陶瓷坯体原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1: (2~3):(0.6~0.7)。
在本公开的一种实施例中,所述釉料按照以下步骤进行制备:将所述釉层原料粉碎后,加水进行真空湿法球磨处理,然后经过筛、除铁、陈腐得到所述釉料,其中,所述釉层原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1:(2~3): (0.8~0.9)。
在本公开的一种实施例中,所述纳米陶瓷粉在使用之前进行预包覆处理,预包覆处理步骤包括:
将所述纳米陶瓷粉分散在硝酸铈的乙醇溶液中,超声处理,得到分散液;
在所述分散液中加入尿素溶液,湿法球磨2~8h,得到球磨液;
将所述球磨液进行洗涤、干燥、煅烧,得到预包覆处理的纳米陶瓷粉。
具体,纳米陶瓷粉包括质量比为1:(0.7~1):(0.2~0.3)的纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化硅和碳化硅,进一步优选地,纳米氧化铝为α-Al2O3,该晶型的纳米氧化铝能够提供更高的强度。优选地,纳米陶瓷粉的粒径为10~80nm。
上述过程中,通过加入硝酸铈对纳米陶瓷粉进行包覆处理,能够在纳米陶瓷粉的表明引入稀土元素铈,进一步提高薄胎瓷的韧性和强度。
本公开的第二方面提供了一种薄胎瓷,根据上述任意一项所述的制备方法制得。
本公开实施例的薄胎瓷及其制备方法的有益效果是:
本公开的薄胎瓷的坯体原料主要为纳米陶瓷粉、高岭土、长石份、石英,同时辅以锂辉石和纳米氧化锡成分,纳米陶瓷粉的引入,能够有效改善薄胎瓷内部结构的致密性,减少气孔产生,从而提高产品的强度。此外,加入锂辉石和纳米氧化锡能够降低产品的烧成温度,并提高产品韧性。才外,在釉层原料中加入碳酸钡和硅灰石,能够提高产品的透明度,改善产品的美观性。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
为更好地说明本公开的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本公开作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种纳米陶瓷粉,步骤如下:
(1)备取纳米陶瓷粉,包括纳米α-Al2O3 14重量份、纳米SiO2 10重量份、纳米SiC 4重量份。
(2)将步骤(1)中得纳米陶瓷粉分散在六水合硝酸铈的乙醇溶液中,超声处理30min,得到液体A,其中,纳米陶瓷粉和六水合硝酸铈的质量比为99:1。
(3)在液体A中加入质量分数为50%的尿素溶液,湿法球磨6h,得到液体B。
(4)将液体B用水洗涤2次,过滤干燥后,在400℃下煅烧1h,得到纳米陶瓷粉体。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种薄胎瓷,根据以下步骤制得:
(1)备取陶瓷坯体原料,然后按照陶瓷坯体原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1:2:0.6的重量比,进行真空湿法球磨,得到坯料。
其中,陶瓷坯体原料包括:纳米陶瓷粉28重量份(实施例1产物)、高岭土12重量份、长石12重量份、石英18重量份、锂辉石5重量份、纳米氧化锡0.5重量份.
(2)备取釉层原料,然后按照釉层原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1: 2:0.8的重量比,进行真空湿法球磨,得到釉料。
其中,釉层原料包括:高岭土12重量份、长石38重量份、石英25重量份、滑石5.5重量份、碳酸钡1.5重量份、硅灰石3重量份。
(3)将坯料注入到石膏模具中,成型脱模后,得到坯体。
(4)将坯体在放入窑炉中进行烧制,在1130℃下烧成10h,得到陶瓷坯体。
(5)将陶瓷坯体浸入釉料中,形成釉面。
(6)将步骤(5)制得得产品放入气化窑中使用还原气氛煅烧,烧成温度为1300℃,烧成时间为24h,得到薄胎瓷。
按本实施例制得得薄胎瓷形状完整、表面透亮光滑,厚度为0.6nm左右。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种薄胎瓷,根据以下步骤制得:
(1)备取陶瓷坯体原料,然后按照陶瓷坯体原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1:2:0.6的重量比,进行真空湿法球磨,得到坯料。
其中,陶瓷坯体原料包括:纳米陶瓷粉28重量份(实施例1产物)、高岭土12重量份、长石12重量份、石英18重量份、锂辉石5重量份、纳米氧化锡0.5重量份.
(2)备取釉层原料,然后按照釉层原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1: 2:0.8的重量比,进行真空湿法球磨,得到釉料。
其中,釉层原料包括:高岭土12重量份、长石38重量份、石英25重量份、滑石5.5重量份、碳酸钡1.5重量份、硅灰石3重量份。
(3)将坯料注入到石膏模具中,成型脱模后,得到坯体。
(4)将坯体在放入窑炉中进行烧制,在850℃下预烧结1h后,在1130℃下烧成9h,得到陶瓷坯体。
(5)将陶瓷坯体浸入釉料中,形成釉面。
(6)将步骤(5)制得得产品放入气化窑中使用还原气氛煅烧,烧成温度为1300℃,烧成时间为24h,得到薄胎瓷。
按本实施例制得得薄胎瓷形状完整、表面透亮光滑,厚度为0.6nm左右。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种薄胎瓷,根据以下步骤制得:
(1)备取陶瓷坯体原料,然后按照陶瓷坯体原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1:2:0.6的重量比,进行真空湿法球磨,得到坯料。
其中,陶瓷坯体原料包括:纳米陶瓷粉28重量份(实施例1产物)、高岭土12重量份、长石12重量份、石英18重量份、锂辉石5重量份、纳米氧化锡0.5重量份。
(2)备取釉层原料,然后按照釉层原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1: 2:0.8的重量比,进行真空湿法球磨,得到釉料。
其中,釉层原料包括:高岭土12重量份、长石38重量份、石英25重量份、滑石5.5重量份、碳酸钡1.5重量份、硅灰石3重量份。
(3)将坯料注入到石膏模具中,成型脱模后,得到坯体。
(4)将坯体在放入窑炉中进行烧制,在850℃下预烧结1h后,在1130℃下烧成9h,得到陶瓷坯体。
(5)将陶瓷坯体浸入釉料中,形成釉面。
(6)将步骤(5)制得得产品放入气化窑中使用还原气氛煅烧,烧成温度为1300℃,烧成时间为24h。
(7)对步骤(6)制得得产品得开口位置和底部位置进行打磨至圆滑平整,喷涂二次釉料,放入气化窑中使用还原气氛煅烧,烧成温度为1200℃,烧成时间为20h,得到薄胎瓷。
其中,二次釉料包括:步骤(2)获得的釉料93重量份、方解石4重量份、硅酸锆3重量份。
按本实施例制得得薄胎瓷形状完整、表面透亮光滑,厚度为0.6nm左右。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种薄胎瓷,根据以下步骤制得:
(1)备取陶瓷坯体原料,然后按照陶瓷坯体原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1:2:0.6的重量比,进行真空湿法球磨,得到坯料。
其中,陶瓷坯体原料包括:高岭土12重量份、长石17重量份、石英 38重量份、普通氧化铝粉18重量份。
(2)备取釉层原料,然后按照釉层原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1: 2:0.8的重量比,进行真空湿法球磨,得到釉料。
其中,釉层原料包括:高岭土12重量份、长石38重量份、石英25重量份、滑石5.5重量份、碳酸钡1.5重量份、硅灰石3重量份。
(3)将坯料注入到石膏模具中,成型脱模后,得到坯体。
(4)将坯体在放入窑炉中进行烧制,在1130℃下烧成10h,得到陶瓷坯体。
(5)将陶瓷坯体浸入釉料中,形成釉面。
(6)将步骤(5)制得得产品放入气化窑中使用还原气氛煅烧,烧成温度为1300℃,烧成时间为24h,得到薄胎瓷。
试验例
按照GB/T38494-2020(陶瓷器抗冲击试验方法)检测实施例2~4以及对比例1制得的产品的抗冲击强度,结果如表1所示。
抗冲击强度,J/m<sup>2</sup> | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 |
中心位置 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.1 |
边缘位置 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 1.8 |
以上所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本公开的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本公开的范围,而是仅仅表示本公开的选定实施例。基于本公开中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本公开保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种薄胎瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
备取陶瓷坯体原料和釉层原料,按照重量份数计,所述陶瓷坯体原料包括:纳米陶瓷粉25~30份、高岭土10~15份、长石10~15份、石英15~25份、锂辉石2~7份、纳米氧化锡0.1~0.5份;按照重量份数计,所述釉层原料包括:高岭土10~15份、长石35~45份、石英20~30份、滑石5~10份、碳酸钡0.5~2份、硅灰石2~4份;
将所述陶瓷坯体原料制成坯料,将所述釉层原料制成釉料;
将所述坯料烧制成陶瓷坯体;
在所述陶瓷坯体上施加所述釉料后,烧制得到所述薄胎瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的薄胎瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述薄胎瓷的厚度为0.2~0.6mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的薄胎瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述坯料烧制成陶瓷坯体的步骤包括:
制备模具;
将所述坯料注入所述模具中,成型得到坯体;
将坯体入窑烧制,其中,烧制过程包括:在800~980℃条件下预烧结0.5~1.5h后,在1100~1180℃条件下烧成8~10h,得到所述陶瓷坯体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的薄胎瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述陶瓷坯体上施加所述釉料后,烧制得到所述薄胎瓷的步骤包括:
采用浸釉工艺在所述陶瓷坯体形成釉面;
将具有釉面的陶瓷坯体入窑烧制,得到所述薄胎瓷。
5.根据权利要求4所述的薄胎瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述具有釉面的陶瓷坯体采用还原气氛进行煅烧,烧成温度为1280~1330℃,烧成时间为15~25h。
6.根据权利要求5所述的薄胎瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括:对所述薄胎瓷进行二次烧结,所述二次烧结包括以下步骤:
对所述薄胎瓷的周缘部位进行打磨处理;
对打磨位置施加二次釉料,所述二次釉料包括质量分数为91~95%的所述釉层原料、3~6%的方解石以及2~4%硅酸锆;
将施加二次釉料后的产物入窑烧制,烧成温度为1180~1230℃,烧成时间为15~25h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的薄胎瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述坯料按照以下步骤进行制备:将所述陶瓷坯体原料粉碎后,加水进行真空湿法球磨处理,然后经过筛、除铁、陈腐得到所述坯料,其中,所述陶瓷坯体原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1:(2~3):(0.6~0.7)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的薄胎瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述釉料按照以下步骤进行制备:将所述釉层原料粉碎后,加水进行真空湿法球磨处理,然后经过筛、除铁、陈腐得到所述釉料,其中,所述釉层原料、水和球磨介质的重量比为1:(2~3):(0.8~0.9)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的薄胎瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米陶瓷粉在使用之前进行预包覆处理,预包覆处理步骤包括:
将所述纳米陶瓷粉分散在硝酸铈的乙醇溶液中,超声处理,得到分散液;
在所述分散液中加入尿素溶液,湿法球磨2~8h,得到球磨液;
将所述球磨液进行洗涤、干燥、煅烧,得到预包覆处理的纳米陶瓷粉。
10.一种薄胎瓷,其特征在于,根据权利要求1~9任意一项所述的制备方法制得。
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