CN115192725B - 一种治疗脑出血的药物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗脑出血的药物,属于神经内科药物领域。本发明的药物是以CCR2抑制剂和DNA四面体的复合物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成。本发明还提供了该复合物在制备治疗脑出血的药物中的用途。本发明所述复合物可以加速脑内血肿吸收,对脑出血起到显著的治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于神经内科药物领域。
背景技术
脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)是指非外伤性的脑实质内血管破裂引起的出血。ICH早期死亡率很高,幸存者中多数留有不同程度的运动障碍、认知障碍、言语吞咽障碍等后遗症。
脑出血的治疗一直是神经内外科探讨的重点,对于其治疗方式存在一些分歧,例如是否需要降血压或使用止血药来防止再次出血。但是,对ICH产生的血肿进行清除是被一致认同的,因为血肿会引起占位效应、脑水肿、炎症等一系列严重问题。另外,血肿体积的大小也成为了ICH严重程度以及治疗效果的重要评价指标。
CCL2(C-C motif chemokine ligand 2,NCBI Gene ID:6347)是一种对小胶质细胞和单核细胞有效的趋化因子,其被报道在ICH动物的同侧脑半球高表达。通过与其受体CCR2(C-C motif chemokine receptor 2,NCBI Gene ID:729230)的结合,CCL2可介导脑损伤部位周围的单核细胞/小胶质细胞的迁移和聚集。于是有人针对CCL2及其受体CCR2是否与血肿形成有关展开研究。该研究在敲除C57BL/6小鼠的CCL2或CCR2基因后,进行ICH造模,发现在ICH中期,CCR2基因敲除小鼠脑内血肿开始增加,血肿完全吸收耗时更长;另外,CCR2基因敲除小鼠的脑水肿恢复也比野生型小鼠要明显更慢(YAO YAO and STELLA E.TSIRKA,The CCL2-CCR2 System Affects the Progression and Clearance ofIntracerebralHemorrhage,GLIA60:908-918(2012))。
DNA四面体(TDNs)又叫四面体框架核酸(tFNAs),是由数条DNA单链(一般为4条)通过碱基互补配对合成的核酸分子。从二维结构上看,原先的DNA单链变为螺旋双链,从三维结构上看,形成四面体结构。tFNAs在体内的稳定性较好,可作为某些药物的载体,也能作为某些检测探针的骨架结构。
目前尚未见将CCR2抑制剂搭载于tFNAs的报道,也未见将CCR2抑制剂搭载于tFNAs后用于治疗ICH的报道。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是:克服技术偏见,提供一种含有CCR2抑制剂的治疗ICH的复合物,以及将所述复合物用于制备治疗ICH的药物的用途。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种DNA四面体复合物,所述复合物是CCR2抑制剂和DNA四面体的复合物。
进一步地,所述CCR2抑制剂是靶向并干扰CCR2基因表达的双链RNA,或所述RNA的DNA形式(即将U替换成T)。
进一步地,所述RNA的3’端带有延缓RNA降解的修饰基团;优选地,所述修饰基团为dTsdT。
进一步地,所述RNA的序列正义链序列为SEQ ID NO.5。
进一步地,所述CCR2抑制剂通过粘性末端与带有游离单链的DNA四面体互补连接。
进一步地,所述游离单链的序列如SEQ ID NO.8所示。
进一步地,所述DNA四面体由序列如SEQ ID NO.1、3、4、7的DNA互补配对组成。
一种治疗脑出血的药物,所述药物以前述的复合物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成。
前述的复合物在制备治疗脑出血的药物中的用途。
进一步地,所述药物是促进脑出血患者血肿吸收的药物。
本发明的有益效果为:
1)本发明的复合物对脑出血状态下的神经元细胞具有保护作用。
2)本发明的复合物克服了技术偏见,在文献(YAO YAO and STELLA E.TSIRKA,TheCCL2-CCR2 System Affects the Progression and Clearance of IntracerebralHemorrhage,GLIA60:908-918(2012))报道了CCR2敲除的ICH小鼠恢复缓慢的情况下,利用tFNA搭载干扰CCR2表达的siRNA,抑制CCR2表达,反而产生了加速机体对ICH产生的血肿的吸收的效果,进而利于ICH的治疗。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1:tFNA-siCCR2合成示意图。
图2:PAGE电泳检测图。
图3:原子力显微镜检测图。
图4:动态光散射检测图。
图5:PI染色检测的显微图。
图6:流式细胞术检测图。
图7:脑室内注射示意图。
图8:Garcia Test评分结果。
图9:MRI图像。
图10:血肿体积统计图。
具体实施方式
实施例1tFNA-siCCR2的制备
1.合成
先将4条DNA单链变性后冷却,单链间通过碱基互补配对,合成带有一段游离单链的tFNA,再将带有游离单链(粘性末端)的siCCR2(靶向并干扰CCR2基因表达的RNA)杂交到位于tFNA的游离单链上,即将tFNA和siCCR2组装到一起,得到tFNA-siCCR2。示意图如图1所示,一种优选的操作方式如下:
将DNA单链S1、S2-overhang、S3、S4以相同的终浓度(1μM)加入TM buffer(含10mMTris-Hcl,50mM MgCl2,pH=8)中,制备成总体积为99μL的tFNA体系;95℃反应10min后快速降温(耗时2min)至4℃,20min后tFNA合成完毕。虽然再加入1μL同等浓度(1μM)siCCR2于tFNA溶液中孵育。然后将混合液放入热循环仪从35℃开始缓慢梯度降温至4℃(每10分钟降低1℃)。tFNA-siCCR2合成完毕,放置于4℃保存过夜。
DNA单链和siCCR的碱基序列如表1所示。其中siCCR是带有粘性末端的双链分子,由sense siCCR2和antisense siCCR2 overhang互补配对形成。
表1相关碱基序列
注:TsT中的s是硫代磷酸脂键,d表示脱氧核糖核酸;dTsdT是一种常见的用于延缓RNA降解的修饰基团,不计入核酸序列内。S2-overhang是在组成tFNA的单链分子s2(未划线部分,SEQ ID NO.7)上额外连接了一段游离单链(划线部分,SEQ ID NO.8),游离单链连接到S1、S3、S4上的效果是一样的。斜体部分为siCCR2粘性末端,序列于tFNA游离单链的一部分反向互补配对,起连接tFNA和siCCR2的作用。
2.鉴定
分别对合成的tFNA-siCCR2进行PAGE凝胶电泳、AFM(原子力显微镜)、动态光散射检测鉴定。
PAGE凝胶电泳结果如图2所示,可见tFNA-siCCR2条带凝实,且碱基数明显大于各单链和siCCR2。
原子力显微镜结果如图3所示,可见tFNA-siCCR2呈现空间四面体的构象。
动态光散射检测结果显示,粒径大小均一,为20nm左右;tFNA-siCCR2的带负电,且电位分布均一(图4)。
实验例1tFNA-siCCR2干预体外ICH模型
1.方法
将BV小胶质细胞加入到原代海马神经元细胞中进行共培养,根据文献(Karuppagounder S S,Alim I,Khim S J,et al.Therapeutic targeting of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases abrogates ATF4-dependent neuronal death andimproves outcomes after brain hemorrhage in several rodent models[J].ScienceTranslational Medicine,2016,8(328):328ra29.)方法在培养基中加入终浓度50μM的氯化血红素(Hemin)建立脑出血的体外模型。
在前述加入50μM的Hemin后2h,添加终浓度100nM的tFNA-siCCR2,然后每12h添加一次tFNA-siCCR2(终浓度100nM),期间细胞在37℃孵箱,5%CO2常规培养,24h和48h后收样。
采用PI染色和流式细胞术检测收样得到的海马神经元的凋亡情况。
2.结果
PI染色结果显示,相对于Hemin组,tFNA-siCCR2治疗组中凋亡的神经元数量更少(图5)。
流式细胞术检测结果也表明,tFNA-siCCR2治疗组中,凋亡细胞数量比Hemin组中的凋亡细胞数要少(图6)。
前述结果说明,本发明的复合物对脑出血状态下的神经元细胞具有保护作用。
实验例2tFNA-siCCR2干预小鼠ICH模型
1.方法
1.1建立C57 BL/6小鼠的ICH模型及TFNA-siCCR2干预
1)C57 BL/6雄性小鼠(8-10周)ICH模型建立:
①动物麻醉后,小鼠头顶部剃毛。
②剪开皮肤:碘伏消毒皮肤后,沿正中线纵行剪开头顶皮肤(前囟位置大概位于小鼠的双眼连线与双耳连线的前1/3处,在眼耳连线范围内剪切口大于0.5cm小于1.0cm)。
③暴露前囟:用蘸取双氧水的棉签稍用力擦除骨膜,可见前囟。
④小鼠固定:先固定门齿,注意松紧适中;再固定外耳道,两边耳棒插入深度相同;固定后观察小鼠有无突眼、呼吸困难。
⑤确定坐标原点:将1ml注射器固定在立体定向仪上,调节X,Y轴坐标将针头调整到前囟正中。
⑥确定目标脑区X,Y坐标:基底节脑出血坐标:前囟前0.7mm;前囟右侧2.0mm;深度4.0mm,往前移动针尖0.7mm,后往右移动针尖2.0mm,并做标记。
⑦颅骨钻孔:在标记处用小号钻头钻穿颅骨。
⑧胶原酶注射:将微量注射器固定在立体定向仪上,针尖斜面面向左侧,移动X,Y轴将微量注射器移动到颅骨孔处。移动Z轴,当针尖斜面完全下降至颅骨缘下时,Z轴坐标归零,继续往下移动4mm。连接微量泵匀速注射10分钟,缓慢取出微量注射器。
⑨伤口处理:骨蜡封闭颅骨孔,术区消毒后,缝合皮肤切口。
⑩保温促醒:将小鼠置于37℃保温物品上,待其清醒后放回笼舍。
2)脑室内给药方法建立:
根据鼠脑立体坐标(Franklin and Paxinos,The Mouse Brain in StereotaxicCoordinates,Academic Press Inc,2001年第二版),我们在右侧脑室中选择一个相对宽敞的点(以避免对周围神经核和静脉丛的损伤),计算末端相对于大脑皮层和中线的距离。我们用这个距离作为特定参数定制一种特殊的注射导管(Double Cannula,RWD LifeScience)。导管由三部分组成:内注射套管(用于注射药物)、外注射套管(装入内导管并固定整个装置)、螺旋盖(图7)。坐标位置:前囟后0.58mm,前囟右侧1.25mm,深度1.75mm。
3)实验动物分组(每组6只):
①Sham组:2μL生理盐水注射入右侧基底节纹状体。后续给予常规护理和培养。
②ICH组:注射1μL的VII胶原酶(0.075IU)建模。4小时后给予脑室内注射5ul生理盐水注射,每天一次,连续3d。
③tFNA-siCCR2干预组:注射1μL的VII胶原酶(0.075IU)建模,胶原酶注射建模后4h,给予脑室内注射5ul浓度为250nM的tFNA-siCCR2 50μL,每天给药一次,连续给药3d。
1.2检测
于建模后1d、3d、7d、14d和21d,采用改良的Garcia Test评分系统(自发活动Spontaneous Activity、轴向感觉Axial Fee1、本体感觉trunk Proprioceptive、肢体运动的对称性Limb Symmetry Activity、侧翻Rollover Reaction、前肢行走ForelimbStretching和攀爬Climbing Situation;得分范围为0-3、0=最差、3=最好;最小总分数为0,最大值为21)进行运动神经功能评估;并使用小动物MRI扫描观察三组动物血肿量的变化。
2.结果
2.1Garcia Test评分结果
如图8所示,tFNA-siCCR2组全程表现优于ICH组,表明tFNA-siCCR2对脑出血产生了积极的治疗效果。
2.2MRI结果
MRI图像中,血肿区域在MRI上呈低信号影(黑色),ICH组和tFNA-siCCR2组之间的血肿体积有明显的区别,前者显著高于后者(图9)。
通过软件计算血肿体积,更能直观看出tFNA-siCCR2组与ICH组的血肿体积的差别(图10):不同于文献报道的CCR2敲除导致脑出血模型血肿延迟出现,且恢复缓慢;本发明的tFNA-siCCR2可逐步减小血肿体积,并随着时间推移能拉大和ICH组的差异(p值逐渐减小),表明tFNA-siCCR2组可加快脑出血的康复,这是事先无法预料到的。
综上,本发明的tFNA-siCCR2可在脑出血状态有效保护神经元,并能加速机体对脑出血产生的血肿的吸收,利于脑出血的恢复。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于治疗脑出血的DNA四面体复合物,其特征在于:所述复合物是CCR2抑制剂和DNA四面体的复合物;
所述CCR2抑制剂是靶向并干扰CCR2基因表达的双链RNA;
所述RNA的3’端带有延缓RNA降解的修饰基团;所述修饰基团为dTsdT;
所述RNA的序列正义链序列为SEQ ID NO.5;
所述CCR2抑制剂通过粘性末端与带有游离单链的DNA四面体互补连接;
所述游离单链的序列如SEQ ID NO.8所示;
所述DNA四面体由序列如SEQ ID NO.1、3、4、7的DNA互补配对组成。
2.一种治疗脑出血的药物,其特征在于:所述药物以权利要求1所述的复合物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成。
3.权利要求1所述的复合物在制备治疗脑出血的药物中的用途。
4.如权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药物是促进脑出血患者血肿吸收的药物。
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