CN115152565A - Breeding method of summer sowing ecological soybean seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of summer sowing ecological soybean seeds, and relates to the technical field of crop seed breeding. The invention creates a south-north three-nursery matched improved variety breeding technology of 'local summer seeding breeding of summer seeding type soybean variety parent stock → local autumn postponed alternate breeding of summer seeding type soybean variety parent stock → western scale breeding of summer seeding type soybean variety production seed', improves the quality and yield of parent seed while stabilizing the species property of summer seeding type soybean variety, and meets the urgent requirements of producers in various places.

Description

Breeding method of summer sowing ecological soybean seeds

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop seed breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of summer sowing ecological soybean seeds.

Background

Soybeans belong to the soybean species (Glycine MaxL. Merr) cultivated in the genus of Glycine of the family Leguminosae, are typical light and temperature sensitive crops, the cultivation adaptability of each variety is limited by light and temperature conditions, and the photoperiod plays a leading role in light and temperature influencing factors. Therefore, soybean varieties are divided into two types, namely spring sowing ecotype and summer sowing ecotype according to the reaction of the soybean varieties to the photoperiod. The summer sowing ecological soybean variety is extremely sensitive to photoperiod reaction, and the cultivation and production areas are mainly distributed in Huang-Huai-Hai areas in China. As the sowing period of the summer sowing ecological soybean seeds in Shanghai and Wan areas in China is just in the plum rainy season special in the south and the season frequent in high-temperature rainstorm (6 middle ten days to 7 middle ten days), and the soybean seeds have large seeds and high protein, fat and moisture content, the seeds are easy to rot and lose germination capacity after being sowed in fields under the high-temperature and high-humidity environment conditions, so that the seedling emergence is difficult and the seedling rate is low. In the whole growth, flowering and pod setting period (early 8 months to middle 9 months), aphids, red spiders and the like are rapidly propagated, the plants are easily infected by soybean mosaic virus diseases, poor growth of the plants is caused, flower and pod dropping is serious, effective pod setting is less, the development of grains is incomplete, the seed yield is low, the quality is poor, and the quality can not reach the national first-grade quality standard of soybean varieties, which is a common problem in the summer soybean variety breeding production in Jiangzhe Shanghai and Wan areas and numerous subtropical areas. In summer soybean cultivation production in Jiangzhe Shanghai Wan region of China every year, seed quality disputes caused by low seed germination rate occur sometimes, which not only brings loss to seed enterprises and growers, but also severely restricts the development of summer sowing type soybean production in Jiangzhe Shanghai Wan region of China. For a long time, production seeds of summer-sowing soybean varieties in Shanghai and Wuwan provinces in China are bred in a local summer-sowing open-field cultivation mode, the sowed seeds are mildewed and rotted in a large amount, large Tian Quemiao is serious, and plants are easily infected with virus diseases under the open-field cultivation condition, so that most of the bred seeds carry the virus diseases, and the seeds are poor in quality, low in yield and serious in nature degradation. There is a need for a method that can maintain the seed property of the southern summer sowing ecotype soybean and can improve the yield and quality of the southern summer sowing ecotype soybean seeds to solve the problem.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a breeding method of summer sowing ecological soybean seeds, which can stabilize the species property of summer sowing ecological soybean, improve the quality and yield of the seeds, and meet the urgent needs of producers in various regions.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a breeding method of summer sowing ecotype soybean seeds, which comprises the following steps: carrying out local summer seeding breeding on the seeds of the summer seeding ecotype soybean variety parent breeder to obtain parent stock seeds for next year breeding;

carrying out local autumn delayed alternate breeding on the parent stock of the summer sowing ecological soybean variety to obtain a parent stock for next year breeding;

carrying out western large-scale breeding on the parent stock of the summer sowing ecological soybean variety to obtain seeds for cultivation and production of summer and autumn sowing soybeans in each part of the next year.

Preferably, the summer-sown ecotype soybean variety comprises: seven crisp, eight crisp, six bean, 6 Su bean, su Dou, su Dou, xu Dou, xu Dou, nannong 5c-10 or Lvbaozhu.

Preferably, the local summer sowing breeding and the local autumn delayed alternate breeding are independently carried out in a facility for sowing melons and vegetables in spring stubbles, and before the breeding, a facility shed film is removed, and an insect-proof net is fully covered.

Preferably, the local summer seeding breeding comprises: in Shanghai Wan district, jiangzhe, from late 6 months to late 7 months of each year, selecting a greenhouse in which vegetables and melons have been planted in spring stubbles, removing a film on the roof and the periphery, fully covering an insect-proof net on the roof and the periphery, simultaneously irrigating soil in the greenhouse, and after water permeates into the soil and base fertilizer is spread, making the soil in the greenhouse into a high ridge with the height of 15-18 cm and the width of 200-250 cm;

transplanting the seedling with the 3 rd true leaf to the high ridge by adopting a seedling transplanting mode;

in the middle and last ten days of 10 months every year, rain shelters are additionally arranged on the shed roof, and when the pods turn yellow, the parent stock seeds for next-year breeding are harvested.

Preferably, during said local summer sowing breeding, also included is the elimination of plants in the population that differ from the typical trait of the parent stock.

Preferably, the delayed alternate breeding of local autumn comprises: in Shanghai Wan district, jiangzhe, from the last 7 th to the last 8 th of each year, selecting a greenhouse for planting vegetables and melons in spring stubbles, removing a film on the top and the periphery of the greenhouse, covering the whole greenhouse with an insect-proof net, irrigating soil in the greenhouse, and after water permeates into soil and is spread with base fertilizer, making the soil in the greenhouse into a high furrow with the height of 20-25 cm and the width of 200-300 cm;

sowing the parent stock seeds on the high ridges by adopting a direct seeding cultivation method;

in the middle late 11 months of each year, rain sheltering facilities are additionally arranged on the shed roof, and when the pods turn yellow, the parent stock seeds for next year breeding are collected.

Preferably, after the sowing, the method further comprises covering a layer of sunshade net on the shed roof or the soil surface, and removing the sunshade net after the seeds germinate and come out of the soil.

Preferably, the western scale breeding comprises: in the middle and late 5 months of each year, the production seeds of the summer sowing ecological soybean variety are bred by adopting a field direct sowing mode.

Preferably, the field direct seeding mode comprises: before sowing, watering water on the bottom of the soil, after the water penetrates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, deeply turning the base fertilizer into the soil, finely raking and leveling the soil in the whole field to form a high bed with the height of 12-15 cm and the width of 3-4 m;

single-seed dibbling is carried out on the high ridges, and the plant quantity per mu is kept to be 5000-6000.

Preferably, the single-seed dibble seeding comprises the steps that the distance between seeds is 15-17 cm, and the line spacing is 35-40 cm.

Has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a breeding method of summer-sowing ecotype soybean seeds (summer-sowing type for short), which shortens the growth period of the summer-sowing ecotype soybean variety and accelerates the maturity of the seeds based on creating high-temperature and short-day climatic conditions; and a general principle that the aphids and the red spiders are effectively prevented from flying in a hidden way by using the full-insect-proof net for covering and isolating creates a south-north three-nursery matched improved variety breeding technology of 'local summer sowing breeding of summer sowing type soybean varieties parent original varieties → local autumn delayed alternate breeding of summer sowing type soybean variety parent original varieties → western large-scale breeding of summer sowing type soybean variety production varieties'. In the Shanghai and Wan river areas, the greenhouse facility conditions of crops such as spring-stubble watermelons, melons, vegetables and the like are utilized, the parent stock and the stock of the summer-sowing type soybean variety are bred by adopting a full insect-proof net covering cultivation technology in the neutral period of crop rotation and stubble changing in summer and autumn, so that the summer-sowing type soybean variety is subjected to the experience of abnormal weather conditions such as high temperature, heavy rainstorm, typhoon and the like which are specific to the summer and autumn in the Jiangzhe area in Wan, and the aphid is prevented from submerging by virtue of the isolation function of the insect-proof net, the seed degeneration caused by the infection of the plant with virus disease is avoided, the quality and the yield of the seeds are improved while the species of the summer-sowing type soybean variety is stabilized, and the urgent requirements of producers in various places are met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a technical flow chart of improved variety breeding of 'Qingsu Qihao';

FIG. 2 is a technical flow chart of improved variety breeding of 'Qingsu Bao';

FIG. 3 is a technical flow chart of improved variety breeding of Tongmao Liu.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a breeding method of summer sowing ecotype soybean seeds, which comprises the following steps: carrying out local summer sowing breeding on the seeds of the summer sowing ecotype soybean variety parent breeders to obtain parent stock seeds for breeding next year;

carrying out local autumn delayed alternate breeding on the parent stock of the summer sowing ecological soybean variety to obtain a parent stock for next year breeding;

carrying out western large-scale breeding on the parent stock of the summer sowing ecological soybean variety to obtain a production seed for summer and autumn sowing cultivation production in each region in the next year.

The breeding method preferably comprises a south-north three-nursery matched fine variety breeding technology of 'local summer seeding breeding of summer seeding type soybean variety parent stock (summer seeding type soybean variety parent stock breeding method) → local autumn delayed alternate breeding of summer seeding type soybean variety parent stock (summer seeding type soybean variety parent stock breeding method) → western large-scale breeding of summer seeding type soybean variety producer (summer seeding type soybean variety producer large-scale breeding method)'.

The method for breeding the summer sowing type soybean variety parent stock seeds preferably comprises the steps of selecting a greenhouse in which melons and vegetables are planted in spring stubbles in the late 6 th to the early 7 th of each year in Shanghai and Wan areas, removing the film on the top and the periphery of the greenhouse, fully covering an insect-proof net on the top and the periphery of the greenhouse, simultaneously irrigating the soil in the greenhouse, and after water penetrates into the soil and base fertilizer is applied, making the soil in the greenhouse into a high ridge with the height of 15-18 cm and the width of 200-250 cm; transplanting the seedling with the 3 rd true leaf to the high ridge by adopting a seedling transplanting mode; in the middle and last ten days of 10 months every year, rain sheltering facilities are additionally arranged on the shed top, and when the pods turn yellow, parent stock seeds for next-year breeding are collected; more preferably, the method comprises the steps of selecting a single shed or a linked shed in which watermelons, melons or vegetables are planted in spring stubbles during the period of 25 to 5 days of 7 months per year in the area of Shanghai and Zhejiang province, uncovering the shed roof and the peripheral film, fully covering an insect-proof net on the shed roof and the periphery, simultaneously irrigating the soil in the shed, applying 12-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%: 15%) to each mu after water penetrates into the soil and the soil surface is slightly dry, and deeply turning over the soil to serve as a base fertilizer; and making the soil in the greenhouse into small high ridges with the height of 15-18 cm and the width of 200-250 cm according to the width of the greenhouse. In the seedling raising, the seeds of a parent breeder of a summer-seeding soybean variety (seeds with the typical characteristics of the variety, which are provided by breeders or scientific research units) are preferably subjected to seedling raising and transplanting, the seedling raising substrate is watered to penetrate through bottom water (the substrate is held by hands and the finger seams are slightly dripped) one night before seeding, the substrate is filled into a seedling tray after the seedling raising substrate is sucked and expanded one night, clear water is sprayed on the surface of the substrate before seeding, and the substrate is preferably slightly infiltrated at the bottom of the seedling tray. The invention has no special limit on the types of the seedling raising substrates, can directly select the seedling raising substrates sold in the market, and can also use coconut chaff and fine soil to be fully and uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 5:1. When the invention is used for raising seedlings, the invention preferably also comprises the steps of sowing seeds of a parent breeder in a matrix in a single seed way, wherein the distance between the seeds is 1.0-1.5 cm, the line distance is 2.0-2.5 cm, covering a seedling raising matrix (watered sole water) with the thickness of 1.5-2.0 cm on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing, building a small arched shed above a seedling tray, covering 2 layers of sunshade nets on the shed roof, and spraying clear water on the sunshade nets once every night, thereby playing the roles of water retention and temperature reduction. In the invention, 2-3 days after the sowing, the seeds germinate and eject the matrix, and the sunshade net can be uncovered, so that the seedlings can fully see light. Before transplanting the seedlings, the method preferably further comprises the step of screening the seedlings, more preferably comprises the step of pulling out weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings, and the strong seedlings are kept to grow. Transplanting the seedling into a greenhouse covered with an insect-proof net after the 3 rd true leaf of the seedling grows out. The plant spacing of the transplanting is preferably set to be 30-35 cm, the row spacing is 45-50 cm, and 1 seedling is transplanted in each hole. After transplanting, the insect-proof nets around the greenhouse are sealed and pressed to prevent aphids, red spiders and the like from flying into the greenhouse. During the whole plant growth period, according to the characteristic characteristics of the bred variety, each plant in the shed is observed for consistency and typicality of hypocotyl color, flower color, antler hair color, pod color, plant height, branching, plant type, leaf shape, pod formation habit, maturity period and the like, plants with different characters are removed, and plants with the typical characteristic characteristics of the bred variety, strong growth and no disease and pest damage symptoms are reserved.

The invention preferably also comprises a rain shelter facility additionally arranged on the shed top, more preferably, a layer of film is covered on the shed top for rain shelter in sunny days in the period of 10 months and 15 days to 10 months and 25 days, when green pods on selected plants in the shed are changed from green to yellow, leaves on the plants are picked off, the whole plants are cut off and spread on the film paved on the inner surface of the shed, after the bean pods on the plants are naturally dried, artificial threshing and selection are carried out, seeds with the inherent seed coat color, grain shape and cotyledon color of the variety are selected and retained, abnormal seeds are removed, the seeds are mixed and stored in a full-automatic drying box for dehumidification, when the water content of the seeds is reduced to be below 10 percent, the seeds are separately stored in a low-humidity cabinet, a drying box or a refrigeration house with the air humidity of less than 10 percent, and the parent stock variety of the variety is obtained and is used for breeding the parent stock of the variety in the next year.

The method for breeding the summer sowing type soybean variety parent stock seeds preferably comprises the following steps: in Shanghai Wan district, jiangzhe, from the last 7 th to the last 8 th of each year, selecting a greenhouse for planting vegetables and melons in spring stubbles, removing a film on the top and the periphery of the greenhouse, covering the whole greenhouse with an insect-proof net, irrigating soil in the greenhouse, and after water permeates into soil and is spread with base fertilizer, making the soil in the greenhouse into a high furrow with the height of 20-25 cm and the width of 200-300 cm; sowing the parent stock seeds on the high ridges by adopting a direct seeding cultivation method; in the middle late 11 months of each year, rain sheltering facilities are additionally arranged on the shed roof, and when the pods turn yellow, the parent stock seeds for next year breeding are collected. In the invention, preferably in the Shanghai and Anhui region, during the period of 7-8-5 months per year, a greenhouse (single greenhouse or linkage greenhouse) for planting vegetables (watermelons, melons or vegetables) in spring crops is selected, the top and the peripheral films of the greenhouse are removed, the whole greenhouse is covered with a layer of insect-proof net, and the soil in the greenhouse is watered, preferably to be 5-8 cm through water to the soil surface. After water penetrates into soil and the soil surface is slightly dry, 12-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%) is applied to each mu of land, the land is deeply turned into the soil to be used as base fertilizer, and then the soil is made into small high furrows with the height of 20-25 cm and the width of 200-300 cm according to the width of the greenhouse.

The invention preferably adopts a direct seeding cultivation method to breed the parent stock of the summer seeding type soybean variety. Before sowing, a hoe is used for pulling a shallow ditch on a prepared small high ridge, the depth of the ditch is 2-3 cm, and the interval between ditches is 35-40 cm. Spraying a layer of water in the shallow trench, and directly sowing parent stock seeds bred and stored in the last year into the shallow trench when the water penetrates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, wherein the distance between seed particles is 25-30 cm. After sowing, the soil on both sides of the shallow trench is uniformly pulled into the shallow trench to cover the seeds, the soil thickness is 1.5-2.0 cm, and then a layer of sunshade net is covered on the shed roof or the soil surface to play the roles of temperature reduction and water retention. After 2-3 days, the seeds germinate and emerge, namely the sunshade net is uncovered, the seedlings fully see the light, weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out, and the growth of robust seedlings is kept. Before ridge sealing of soybean plants, intertillage weeding and soil loosening are carried out for 2-3 times. During the whole plant growth period, according to the characteristic characteristics of the bred variety, each plant in the shed is observed for consistency and typicality of hypocotyl color, flower color, antler hair color, pod color, plant height, branching, plant type, leaf shape, pod bearing habit, maturity period and the like, a single plant with different characters is pulled out in time, and the plant which maintains the typical characteristic characteristics of the bred variety, is robust in growth and has no disease and pest symptoms is selected and reserved for growth.

The invention preferably also comprises the step of covering a film on the shed roof for rain sheltering in sunny days during the period from 11 months 10 to 11 months 15 days each year. When the green pods on the plants in the greenhouse are turned to be all yellow, the whole plants are cut off and spread on a film laid on the ground of the greenhouse, after the bean pods on the plants are naturally dried, artificial threshing and selection are carried out, seeds with the inherent seed coat color, grain shape and cotyledon color of the variety are selected and retained, abnormal seeds are removed, the seeds are mixed and stored in a full-automatic drying box for dehumidification, when the water content of the seeds is reduced to be below 10 percent, the seeds are subpackaged and stored in a low-humidity cabinet, a drying box or a refrigeration house with the air humidity of lower than 10 percent to be the parent stock of the variety, and then a certain amount of the production seeds of the variety are taken out to breed according to the requirement of the current market on the production seeds every year.

The production seed large-scale breeding method of the summer sowing type soybean variety preferably comprises the following steps: before sowing, watering water on the bottom of the soil, after the water penetrates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, deeply turning the base fertilizer into the soil, finely raking and leveling the soil in the whole field to form a high bed with the height of 12-15 cm and the width of 3-4 m; single-seed dibbling is carried out on the high ridges, and the plant quantity per mu is kept to be 5000-6000. The invention preferably establishes a production seed breeding base of a new summer-sowing type soybean variety in northwest areas (such as Xinjiang, gansu, ningxia and the like) with dry climate (air humidity is less than 20%) and sufficient illumination (light intensity is more than 500).

In the northwest area, preferably in the period of 20 to 25 months of each year, a certain number of the summer-sowing type soybean variety parent stock seeds which are bred and stored locally in the south in the last year are taken out (according to the market demand of the production seeds of the summer-sowing type soybean variety to be bred in the current year) and sent to a production seed breeding base in the western area. In western production seed breeding bases, the summer seeding type soybean variety production seeds are bred in a field direct seeding mode. Before sowing, water at the bottom of the soil is poured into the soil, when the water penetrates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, 15-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%) is uniformly spread as base fertilizer per mu (the specific quantity depends on the type of the previous crops, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu of the previous crops, cotton or corn, and 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu of the previous crops, melon and vegetable), after deep ploughing into the soil, the soil in the whole field is finely harrowed and leveled, small high furrows with the height of 12-15 cm and the width of 3-4 m are made, and soil moisture is immediately sowed in a rush mode. The single-seed dibbling mode is adopted for sowing, the inter-grain distance is 15-17 cm, and the line distance is 35-40 cm. After sowing, the seeds are covered with soil around the seeds by feet and lightly treaded. After 3-5 days of sowing, the seeds can be germinated and unearthed successively, when the seedling is grown into 2-3 true leaves, the weak seedling and abnormal seedling can be removed, and the strong seedling growth of 5000-6000 plants/mu can be retained. In the seedling stage, the flowering stage and the early stage of maturation, the plants in the whole field are strictly checked according to the typical characteristic characteristics of the bred varieties, the growth potential and the consistency performance of main agronomic characters of the plants in the whole field are observed, and the seedlings, the diseased seedlings and the inferior seedlings are pulled out in time. When all the green pods on the whole field plant are yellow and ripe (about 9 layers of full period), the whole plant is cut off, the leaves on the plant are picked off, and the plant is spread on a drying field for natural air drying. When the water content in the seeds is reduced to below 20 percent, lightly beating the seeds by bamboo poles for threshing or lightly rolling and threshing the seeds by a slight extrusion method. The threshed seeds are manually selected, the seeds with the inherent seed coat color, seed shape and cotyledon color of the seeds are reserved, abnormal seeds are removed, the seeds are spread on a sunning ground after being mixed and continuously dried, when the moisture in the seeds is reduced to below 12%, the germination rate of the seeds is tested, the seeds with the germination rate of more than 85% are separately transported, and the seeds are sold in all places of the south, and the seeds with the germination rate of less than 85% can be used for processing bean products or used as other raw materials.

The summer sowing ecotype soybean variety of the invention preferably comprises: seven green shortbread, eight green shortbread, six bean, 6 Su bean, su Dou, su Dou, xu Dou, xu Dou, nannong 5c-10 or Lvbao.

The breeding method of the summer sowing ecotype soybean seeds provided by the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1 improved variety propagation of summer sowing type middle-cooked vegetable soybean variety 'Qingsu Qi #' (FIG. 1)

(1) Breeding of the parent stock seeds of 'Qingsu seven': in the Shanghai area, during the period of 6-7-1 month every year from 28 days to 7-1 days, selecting a single shed or a linkage shed for planting watermelons, melons or vegetables in the spring of the same year, removing the film on the shed roof and the periphery, covering insect-proof nets on the shed roof and the periphery, watering the soil in the shed, applying 12kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%) to each mu of soil after water permeates into the soil and the soil surface is slightly dry, and deeply turning over the soil to serve as a base fertilizer. According to the width of the greenhouse, the greenhouse soil is made into small high ridges with the height of 15cm and the width of 200 cm.

The method comprises the steps of breeding and transplanting seeds of parent breeders of 'Qingsu Qihao' (provided by soybean breeding program group for vegetables of Shanghai agricultural academy of sciences), fully and uniformly mixing coconut chaff and fine soil according to the proportion of 5:1 for a seedling culture substrate, pouring the seedling culture substrate through bottom water (preferably slightly dropping water through finger seams when the substrate is held by hands) one night before sowing, and filling the substrate into a seedling culture tray after the substrate is swelled for one night. Before sowing, a layer of clear water is sprayed on the surface of the substrate, and the bottom of the seedling tray is preferably slightly infiltrated. Then, the parent breeding family seeds are sowed with single seed, the distance between the seed grains is 1.0-1.1 cm, and the line distance is 2.0-2.1 cm. After sowing, covering a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 1.5-1.6 cm and poured with sole water on the surface of the seeds, building a small arched shed above a seedling tray, covering 2 layers of sunshade nets on the shed roof and the periphery, and spraying clean water to the shed roof and the sunshade nets on the periphery once every night. After 2-3 days, the seeds germinate and emerge, and the sunshade net is removed to expose the seedlings. Weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out, and strong seedlings are kept for growth. When the 3 rd main leaf of the seedling grows out, transplanting the seedling into a greenhouse covered with an insect-proof net. Transplanting the seedlings at a spacing of 33cm and a row spacing of 50cm, and transplanting 1 seedling per hole. After transplanting, the insect-proof nets around the greenhouse are immediately compressed to prevent aphids, red spiders and the like from submerging. During the whole plant growth period, according to the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'Qingsu seventh', consistency and typicality observation such as hypocotyl color, flower color, antler color, pod color, plant height, branching, plant type, leaf shape, pod forming habit, maturity and the like are carried out on each plant in the shed, plants with different characteristics are pulled out, and the plant growth with the 'Qingsu seventh' typical characteristic characteristics, strong growth and no pest harm symptoms is kept.

And (4) covering a film on the shed roof for rain sheltering during the period from 10 months and 15 days to 10 months and 18 days. When green pods on 'Qingsu Qi' plants in the greenhouse are turned from green to full yellow, removing leaves on the plants, cutting the whole plants, spreading on a well-paved sieve in the greenhouse, naturally drying bean pods, manually threshing, selecting seeds with the seed coat color, the grain shape and the cotyledon color of 'Qingsu Qi', removing abnormal seeds, mixing, storing in a full-automatic drying box, and subpackaging and storing in a low-humidity cabinet, a drying box or a refrigeration house with the air humidity lower than 10% when the water content of the seeds is reduced to be below 10%, so as to be used as parent stock seeds of 'Qingsu Qi', and breeding the parent stock seeds of 'Qingsu Qi' next year.

(2) The breeding method of the parent stock of 'Qingsu seven':

in the Shanghai area, selecting a greenhouse (single greenhouse or linkage greenhouse) for planting watermelons and vegetables (watermelons, melons or vegetables) in spring stubbles during the period of 25 to 28 days of 7 months every year, removing the top and peripheral films of the greenhouse, covering the whole greenhouse with an insect-proof net, and irrigating soil in the greenhouse with water to the soil surface by 5-8 cm preferably. When water penetrates into soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, 12kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%: 15%) is applied to each mu, and the soil is deeply turned into the ground to be used as a base fertilizer. And making the soil in the greenhouse into small high ridges with the height of 20cm and the width of 220cm according to the width of the greenhouse.

Directly sowing the original seeds of the 'green crisp seven-model' parent bred and stored in the last year in greenhouse soil. Before sowing, a hoe is used for pulling shallow trenches on the prepared small high ridges, the trench depth is 2.3cm, and the trench spacing is 35cm. And then spraying a layer of water in the shallow trench, and after the water permeates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, sowing the original seeds of the 'green crisp seven-numbered' parent bred in the last year into the shallow trench in a single seed way, wherein the distance between the seeds is 25.5cm. After sowing, the soil on both sides of the shallow trench is uniformly pulled into the shallow trench to cover the seeds, the soil thickness is 1.6cm, and a layer of sunshade net is covered on the shed roof to reduce the temperature in the shed and reduce the water evaporation. After 2 days, the seeds of 'green crisp No. seven' germinate and emerge, when more than 80% of the seeds emerge, the shed roof sunshade net is removed, the seedlings are exposed to light fully, weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out, and the growth of robust seedlings is kept. Before ridge sealing of 'green crisp No. seven' plants, intertillage weeding and soil loosening are carried out for 2 times. During the whole plant growth period, according to the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'Qingsu seventh' plants, consistency and typical performance of hypocotyl color, flower color, antler color, pod color, plant height, branching, plant type, leaf shape, pod formation habit, maturity period and the like of each plant in the shed are observed in a contrast mode, plants with different characters are pulled out in time, and plants with the 'Qingsu seventh' typical characteristic characteristics, strong growth and no pest harm are reserved.

And (4) during the period of 11-month 10 to 11-month 15 every year, a film is covered on the shed roof in a sunny day for rain sheltering. When the green pods on the 'green crisp seven-size' plants selected in the greenhouse are turned yellow, the whole plants are cut off and aired on a drying net laid in the greenhouse. Naturally air-drying bean pods on plants, manually threshing, selecting seeds with inherent seed coat color, grain shape and cotyledon color of 'Qingsu No. seven', removing abnormal seeds, mixing, storing in a full-automatic drying box for dehumidification, subpackaging and storing in a low-humidity cabinet, a drying box or a refrigeration house with air humidity lower than 10% when the water content of the seeds is reduced to be below 10%, namely the parent stock of 'Qingsu No. seven', and then taking out a certain proportion of the parent stock from the seeds according to the requirement of the current market on the production seeds of 'Qingsu No. seven' every year, and breeding the production seeds of 'Qingsu No. seven'.

(3) The production seeds of 'Qingsu Qihao' are bred in northwest scale:

in the next or third year, a certain amount of parent stock seeds of 'Qingsu seventh' bred and stored in the Shanghai area in the last year (according to the demand of 'Qingsu seventh' production seeds to be bred in the current year) are taken out and sent to a soybean production seed breeding base in Changji area of Xinjiang. And sowing and breeding the 'Qingsu seventh' production seeds in a field direct seeding cultivation mode in the period from 20 days in 5 months to 22 days in 5 months. Before sowing, water at the bottom of the soil is poured into the soil, when the water penetrates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, 15-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%) is spread as base fertilizer per mu (the specific quantity depends on the type of the previous crop, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer is spread per mu of the previous crop, cotton or corn, and 15kg of the previous crop, melon and vegetable, after deep ploughing into the soil, the soil in the whole field is finely harrowed and leveled up to be made into small high furrows with the height of 12-15 cm and the width of 3-4 m, and then, soil moisture digging and sowing are performed immediately. The single-grain dibbling mode is adopted, the grain spacing is 15-16 cm, and the line spacing is 35-40 cm. After sowing, the seeds are covered with soil around the seeds by feet and lightly treaded. After 3-5 days of sowing, the seeds are germinated and unearthed successively, when the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out, and 6000 plants/mu of strong seedlings are kept to grow. In the seedling stage, the flowering stage and the early stage of maturation, the growth potential of the 'green crisp seven' plant of the whole field block and the consistency performance of the main agronomic characters are observed by contrasting the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'green crisp seven' plant, and the impurity plant, the diseased plant and the inferior plant are pulled out in time. When all the green pods on the 'green crisp No. seven' plants turn yellow (about 9 layers in the full period), the whole plant is cut off and spread on a drying field for natural air drying. After the moisture in the seeds is reduced to below 20 percent, carrying out manual threshing and selection, retaining the seeds with the seed coat color, the seed shape and the seed leaf color of 'green crisp No. seven', removing abnormal seeds, mixing and then spreading on a sunning ground for continuous air drying, testing the germination rate of the seeds when the moisture in the seeds is reduced to below 12 percent, subpackaging and transporting the seeds with the germination rate of more than 85 percent to the Shanghai area, and selling the seeds as production seeds to the Jiangzhe Zhejiang province.

TABLE 1 comparison of the quality parameters of 'Qingsu Qihao' seeds bred by the present invention and conventional techniques

Example 2 improved Breeding of the Soybean variety ` Qingsu Bao `forsummer sowing type middle and late-maturing vegetables (FIG. 2)

(1) Breeding of the parent stock seeds of 'Qingsu Bao': in Zhejiang province, during the period of 6 months 25 to 6 months 28 days each year, selecting a single shed or a linkage shed for planting watermelons, melons or vegetables in the spring of the same year, uncovering the shed roof and the surrounding film, covering an insect-proof net on the shed roof and the surrounding, watering the soil in the shed, applying 12kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%) to each mu of land after water permeates into the land and the soil surface is slightly dry, and deeply turning over the land to serve as a base fertilizer. According to the width of the greenhouse, the greenhouse soil is made into small ridges with the height of 17cm and the width of 230 cm.

The method comprises the steps of breeding and transplanting 'Qingsu eighth-number' parent breeding seeds (provided by soybean breeding program groups for vegetables of academy of agricultural sciences of Shanghai), fully and uniformly mixing a seedling matrix which is coconut husk and fine soil according to the proportion of 5:1, pouring the seedling matrix into bottom water (preferably slightly dropping water through finger seams when the matrix is held) one night before sowing, and filling the matrix into a seedling tray after the matrix is swelled for one night. Before sowing, a layer of clear water is sprayed on the surface of the substrate, and preferably slight water seepage occurs at the bottom of the seedling tray. And then performing single-seed sowing on the parent breeding family seeds, wherein the distance between the seed particles is 1.1-1.2 cm, and the line distance is 2.1-2.2 cm. After sowing, covering a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 1.6-1.7 cm on the surface of the seeds, which is watered with sole water, building a small arched shed above the seedling tray, covering 2 layers of sunshade nets on the shed roof and the periphery, and spraying clean water to the shed roof and the sunshade nets on the periphery once every night. After 2-3 days, the seeds germinate and emerge, and the sunshade net is removed to expose the seedlings. Weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out, and strong seedlings are kept for growth. When the 3 rd main leaf of the seedling grows out, transplanting the seedling into a greenhouse covered with an insect-proof net. Transplanting the seedlings at a plant spacing of 34cm and a row spacing of 53cm, and transplanting 1 seedling per hole. After transplanting, the insect-proof nets around the greenhouse are immediately pressed to prevent aphids, red spiders and the like from submerging. During the whole plant growth period, according to the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'Qingsu eighth', consistency and typicality observation such as hypocotyl color, flower color, antler color, pod color, plant height, branching, plant type, leaf shape, pod formation habit, maturity period and the like are carried out on each plant in the shed, plants with different characters are extracted, and the plant growth with the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'Qingsu eighth', robust growth and no pest damage symptoms is reserved.

And (4) covering a thin film on the shed roof for rain sheltering during the period from 10 months and 15 days to 10 months and 17 days. When green pods on 'Qingsu eighth' plants in the greenhouse are turned into full yellow from green, removing leaves on the plants, cutting the whole plants, spreading on a well-paved sieve in the greenhouse, naturally drying the bean pods, manually threshing, selecting and reserving seeds with the seed coat color, the grain shape and the cotyledon color of 'Qingsu eighth', removing abnormal seeds, mixing, storing in a full-automatic drying box, and subpackaging and storing in a low-humidity cabinet, a drying box or a refrigeration house with the air humidity lower than 10% when the water content of the seeds is reduced to be below 10%, so as to be used as parent stock seeds of 'Qingsu eighth', and be used for breeding the parent stock seeds of 'Qingsu eighth'.

(2) The breeding method of the 'Qingsu Bahao' parent stock comprises the following steps:

in Zhejiang, during the period from 25 days to 28 days of 7 months per year, selecting a greenhouse (single greenhouse or linkage greenhouse) for planting watermelons (watermelons, melons or vegetables) in spring stubbles, removing the top and peripheral films of the greenhouse, covering the whole greenhouse with an insect-proof net, and irrigating soil in the greenhouse with water to 6-8 cm above the soil surface. After water penetrates into soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%: 15%) is applied to each mu, and the soil is deeply turned into the ground to be used as a base fertilizer. And making the soil in the greenhouse into small high ridges with the height of 22cm and the width of 240cm according to the width of the greenhouse.

Directly sowing the original seeds of the 'green crisp eight' parent bred and stored in the last year in greenhouse soil. Before sowing, a hoe is used for pulling a shallow ditch on a prepared small high ridge, the depth of the ditch is 2.4cm, and the interval between ditches is 33cm. And then spraying a layer of water in the shallow trench, and after the water permeates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, sowing the original seeds of the 'green crisp eight' parent bred in the last year into the shallow trench in a single seed way, wherein the distance between the seeds is 26cm. After sowing, the soil on both sides of the shallow trench is uniformly pulled into the shallow trench to cover the seeds, the soil thickness is 1.5cm, and a layer of sunshade net is covered on the shed top to reduce the temperature in the shed and reduce the water evaporation. After 2 days, the seeds of 'green crisp eight' germinate and emerge, when more than 80% of the seeds emerge, the shed roof sunshade net is removed, the seedlings are exposed to light fully, weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out, and the growth of robust seedlings is kept. Before ridge sealing of 'green crisp eight' plants, intertillage weeding and soil loosening are carried out for 2 times. During the whole plant growth period, according to the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'Qingsu eighth' plants, the consistency and typical performance of hypocotyledonary axis color, flower color, hairy color, pod color, plant height, branching, plant type, leaf shape, pod bearing habit, mature period and the like of each plant in the shed are observed in a contrast mode, plants with different characters are pulled out in time, and plants with the 'Qingsu eighth' typical characteristic characteristics, strong growth and no pest harm are reserved.

And (4) during the period from 11 months 15 to 11 months 18 every year, a film is covered on the shed roof in a sunny day for rain sheltering. When the green pods on the 'green crisp eight-size' plants selected in the greenhouse are turned yellow, the whole plants are cut off and aired on a drying net laid in the greenhouse. Naturally air-drying bean pods on plants, manually threshing, selecting seeds with inherent seed coat color, grain shape and cotyledon color of ' green shortbread No. eight ', removing abnormal seeds, mixing, storing in a full-automatic drying box for dehumidification, subpackaging and storing in a low-humidity cabinet, a drying box or a refrigeration house with air humidity lower than 9% when the water content of the seeds is reduced to below 9%, namely the parent stock of ' green shortbread No. eight ', and then taking out a certain proportion of the parent stock from the green shortbread No. eight ' production seeds according to the requirement of the current market on the production seeds every year, and breeding the production seeds of ' green shortbread No. eight '.

(3) Scale breeding of 'Qingsu Bao' production seeds:

in the next or third year, a certain number of parent stock seeds of 'Qingsu eight' which are bred in the last year and stored in the local Zhejiang are taken out (according to the required amount of 'Qingsu eight' production seeds to be bred in the current year), and the number of the parent stock seeds is sent to a soybean production seed breeding base in Turpan area in Xinjiang. And sowing and breeding the 'green crisp eight' production seeds in a field direct seeding cultivation mode in the period from 20 days in 5 months to 22 days in 5 months. Before sowing, watering the soil at the bottom of the foot, spreading 18-22 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%: 15%) as base fertilizer (the concrete amount is according to the kind of the previous crop, the previous crop is cotton or corn crop, the previous crop is 18kg per mu), after deeply ploughing into the soil, finely raking and leveling the soil in the whole field to make small high furrows with height of 14-15 cm and width of 3.5-4.0 m, and immediately sowing in a soil moisture-robbing manner. The single-grain dibbling mode is adopted, the grain spacing is 15.5-16.5 cm, and the line spacing is 36-38 cm. After sowing, the seeds are covered with soil around the seeds by feet and lightly treaded. And 2-3 days after sowing, the seeds continuously sprout and come out of the soil, when the 3 rd true leaf grows out of the seedling, weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out, and 6200 plants/mu of robust seedlings are kept to grow. In the seedling stage, the flowering stage and the early stage of maturation, the growth potential and the consistent expression of main agronomic characters of the 'green crisp eight' plants in the whole field are observed by contrasting the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'green crisp eight' plants, and the seedlings, diseased plants and inferior plants are pulled out in time. When all the green pods on the plants turn yellow, the whole plant is cut off and spread on an airing field for natural air drying. After the moisture in the seeds is reduced to below 20 percent, carrying out manual threshing and selection, retaining the seeds with the seed coat color, the grain shape and the cotyledon color of 'green crisp eight', removing abnormal seeds, mixing, spreading on a drying yard for continuous air drying, testing the germination rate of the seeds when the moisture in the seeds is reduced to below 10 percent, subpackaging and transporting the seeds with the germination rate of more than 85 percent to Shanghai area, selling the seeds as production seeds to Jianghe Zhehui area.

TABLE 2 comparison of the quality parameters of the seeds of the present invention and the seeds of the conventional technique

Example 3 Breeding of summer-sowing type Medium-early-maturing Soybean variety 'Tongdouliu' (FIG. 3)

(1) Breeding of 'Tongdou six' parent stock: in Jiangsu areas, during the period of 1 to 5 days of 7 months per year, a single shed or a linkage shed for planting watermelons, melons or vegetables in the spring of the same year is selected, the shed roof and the peripheral film are removed, insect-proof nets are covered on the shed roof and the peripheral edge, then soil in the shed is irrigated, 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%) is applied to each mu of land after water penetrates into the land and the soil surface is slightly dry, and the land is deeply turned into the land to serve as a base fertilizer. According to the width of the greenhouse, the greenhouse soil is made into small high ridges with the height of 18cm and the width of 250 cm.

The method comprises the steps of seedling raising and transplanting of parent breeding family seeds of 'Tongdou six' (provided by soybean breeding program group of agricultural science research institute along the river region in Jiangsu province), fully and uniformly mixing a seedling raising matrix which adopts coconut coir and fine soil according to the proportion of 5:1, watering the seedling raising matrix thoroughly with bottom water (preferably slightly dropping water through finger seams when the matrix is held) one night before sowing, and filling the matrix into a seedling raising tray after the matrix is expanded by suction one night. Before sowing, a layer of clear water is sprayed on the surface of the substrate, and preferably slight water seepage occurs at the bottom of the seedling tray. Then, the parent breeding family seeds are sown in single seed with the seed spacing of 1.0-1.1 cm and the line spacing of 2.0-2.1 cm. After sowing, covering a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 1.5-1.6 cm and poured with water on the surfaces of seeds, building a small arched shed above a seedling tray, covering 2 layers of sunshade nets on the shed roof and the periphery, and spraying clean water to the shed roof and the peripheral sunshade nets at night to replenish water and reduce the temperature in the shed. After 2-3 days, the seeds germinate and emerge, the sunshade net is removed, the seedlings are exposed to light, weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out in time, and the growth of robust seedlings is kept. And when the 3 rd main leaf of the seedling grows out, immediately transplanting the seedling into a greenhouse covered with an insect-proof net. Transplanting the seedlings at a row spacing of 32cm and a row spacing of 51cm, and transplanting 1 seedling per hole. After transplanting, the insect-proof nets around the greenhouse are pressed tightly to prevent aphids, red spiders and the like from submerging. During the whole growth period of the plants, comparing the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'Tongdou six', carrying out consistency and typical observation on hypocotyl color, flower color, antler color, pod color, plant height, branching, plant type, leaf shape, pod forming habit, maturity period and the like of each plant in the shed, extracting plants with different characteristics, and keeping the growth of the plants with the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'Tongdou six', strong growth and no pest damage symptoms.

And (4) covering a thin film on the shed roof for rain sheltering during the period from 10 months 18 to 10 months 20. When green pods on 'Tongmao six' plants in a shed are turned from green to full yellow, removing leaves on the plants, cutting the whole plants, spreading on a sieve paved on the ground in the shed, naturally drying the pods, manually threshing, selecting seeds with the seed coat color, the seed shape and the seed leaf color of 'Qing Su eight', removing abnormal seeds, mixing, storing in a full-automatic drying box, and subpackaging and storing in a low-humidity cabinet, a drying box or a refrigeration house with the air humidity lower than 10% when the water content of the seeds is reduced to below 10%, wherein the seeds are used as parent stock seeds of 'Tongmao six', and are used for breeding the parent stock seeds of 'Tongmao six' in the next year.

(2) The breeding method of the 'Tongdouliu' parent stock comprises the following steps:

in Zhejiang, during the period from 1 to 5 months of 8 months per year, selecting a greenhouse (single greenhouse or linkage greenhouse) for planting watermelons and vegetables in spring stubbles, removing the top and peripheral films of the greenhouse, covering the whole greenhouse with an insect-proof net, and irrigating soil in the greenhouse with water to 5-6 cm above the soil surface. When water penetrates into soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, 18kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%: 15%) is applied to each mu, and the soil is deeply turned into the ground to be used as a base fertilizer. And making the soil in the greenhouse into small high ridges with the height of 25cm and the width of 250cm according to the width of the greenhouse.

Original seeds of 'Tongdou six-number' parent bred and stored in last year are directly sown in greenhouse soil. Before sowing, a hoe is used for pulling a shallow ditch on a prepared small high ridge, the depth of the ditch is 2.4cm, and the interval between ditches is 33cm. And then spraying a layer of water in the shallow trench, and after the water permeates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, sowing original seeds of the 'TongDou six-number' parent bred in the last year into the shallow trench in a single seed way, wherein the distance between the seeds is 25cm. After sowing, the soil on both sides of the shallow trench is uniformly pulled into the shallow trench to cover the seeds, the soil thickness is 1.5-1.6 cm, and a layer of sunshade net is covered on the shed roof to reduce the temperature in the shed and reduce the water evaporation. After 2-3 days of sowing, the seeds of 'Tongdou Liuhao' successively germinate and emerge, when more than 80% of the seeds emerge, the sunshade net on the shed roof is removed, so that the seedlings fully see light, weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out in time, and the growth of robust seedlings is kept. Before the 'Tongmao Liuhao' plants are ridged, intertillage weeding and soil loosening are carried out for 2 times. During the whole growth period of the plants, according to the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'Tongmao Liuhao' plants, the consistency and typical performance of hypocotyledonary axis color, flower color, antler color, pod color, plant height, branching, plant type, leaf shape, pod bearing habit, mature period and the like of each plant in the shed are observed, the plants with different characters are pulled out in time, and the growth of the plants with the 'Tongmao Liuhao' typical characteristic characteristics, robust growth and no pest damage is reserved.

And (4) during the period of 11-month 10 to 11-month 12 every year, covering a film on the shed roof on a sunny day for rain sheltering. When the green pods on the 'TongDou six' plants remained in the shed turn yellow, the whole plants are cut off and aired on a drying net laid in the shed. After pods on plants are naturally air-dried, artificial threshing is carried out, seeds with inherent seed coat color, grain shape and cotyledon color of 'Tongmao Liu' are selected and retained, abnormal grains are removed, the seeds are stored in a full-automatic drying box for dehumidification after being mixed, the seeds are stored in a low-humidity cabinet, a drying box or a refrigeration house with air humidity lower than 9% in a split charging mode when the water content of the seeds is reduced to be below 9%, the seeds are the parent stock seeds of 'Tongmao Liu', then a certain proportion of the parent stock seeds are taken out according to the requirement of the current year market on the 'Tongmao Liu' production seeds, and the parent stock seeds are sent to northwest regions for breeding the 'Tongmao Liu'.

(3) 'Tongmao Liuhao' production seeds are bred in scale in northwest areas:

in the next or third year, a certain number of original seeds of the 'Tongdou six' parent seeds preserved in Jiangsu area are taken out from the previous year (according to the required amount of the 'Tongdou six' production seeds to be bred in the current year) and sent to a breeding base of the soybean production seeds in the Xinjiang rock river area. And breeding the production seeds of 'Tongqiu' in a field direct seeding cultivation mode in the period from 23 days in 5 months to 25 days in 5 months. Before sowing, water at the bottom of the soil is poured into the soil, when water penetrates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, 20-22kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15%:15%: 15%) is applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer (the specific quantity depends on the type of the previous crop, 22kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land where the previous crop is cotton or corn and 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land where the previous crop is melon and vegetable, after deep ploughing into the soil, the soil in the whole field is finely harrowed and leveled, small high furrows with the height of 14-15 cm and the width of 3.0-3.5 m are made, and soil moisture is immediately robbed for sowing. The single-grain dibbling mode is adopted, the grain spacing is 16.0-17.0 cm, and the line spacing is 35-36 cm. After sowing, the seeds are covered with soil around the seeds by feet and lightly treaded. After sowing for 2-3 days, the seeds germinate and emerge, when the 3 rd true leaf of the seedling grows out, weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are pulled out, and 6500 strong seedlings/mu are kept for growth. In the seedling stage, the flowering stage and the early stage of maturation, the growth potential and the consistent expression of main agronomic characters of the 'Tongdou six' plants in the whole field are observed by contrasting the typical characteristic characteristics of the 'Tongdou six' plants, and the seedlings, the diseased seedlings and the inferior seedlings are pulled out in time. When all the green pods on the plants turn yellow, the whole plant is cut off and spread on an airing field for natural air drying. After the moisture in the seeds is reduced to below 20 percent, carrying out manual threshing and selection, keeping the seeds with the seed coat color, the seed shape and the seed leaf color of the 'Tongma Liu', removing abnormal seeds, mixing, spreading on a sunning ground for continuous air drying, testing the germination rate of the seeds when the moisture in the seeds is reduced to below 10 percent, selecting the seeds with the germination rate of more than 85 percent, subpackaging and transporting the seeds to Jiangzhe Shanghai and Wan regions, and selling the seeds as the production seeds of the 'Tongma Liu'.

TABLE 3 comparison of the quality parameters of the seeds of the present invention and the seeds of the conventional technique

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A breeding method of ecotype soybean seeds sowed in summer is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out local summer sowing breeding on the seeds of the summer sowing ecotype soybean variety parent breeders to obtain parent stock seeds for breeding next year;

carrying out local autumn delayed alternate breeding on the parent stock of the summer sowing ecological soybean variety to obtain a parent stock for next year breeding;

carrying out western large-scale breeding on the parent stock of the summer sowing ecological soybean variety to obtain seeds for summer and autumn sowing cultivation production in each part of the next year.

2. The breeding method of claim 1, wherein the summer sown ecotype soybean variety comprises: seven crisp, eight crisp, six bean, 6 Su bean, su Dou, su Dou, xu Dou, xu Dou, nannong 5c-10 or Lvbaozhu.

3. The breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the local summer seeding and the local autumn postponed alternate breeding are independently carried out in greenhouse soil for sowing and cultivating the melons and vegetables in spring stubbles, and before the sowing and breeding are carried out, the greenhouse film is removed and the insect-proof net is fully covered.

4. The breeding method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the local summer seeding breeding comprises: in Shanghai Wan district, jiangzhe, from late 6 months to late 7 months of each year, selecting a greenhouse in which vegetables and melons have been planted in spring stubbles, removing a film on the roof and the periphery, fully covering an insect-proof net on the roof and the periphery, simultaneously irrigating soil in the greenhouse, and after water permeates into the soil and base fertilizer is spread, making the soil in the greenhouse into a high ridge with the height of 15-18 cm and the width of 200-250 cm;

transplanting the soybean seedlings with the 3 rd true leaves to the high ridges by adopting a seedling transplanting mode;

in the middle and last ten days of 10 months every year, rain sheltering facilities are additionally arranged on the top of the greenhouse, and when the pods turn yellow, parent stock seeds for next-year breeding are harvested.

5. The breeding method of claim 4, further comprising, during the local summer seeding breeding, pulling out plants in the population that differ from the typical trait of the parent stock.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the local autumn postponed alternate breeding comprises: in Shanghai Wan district, jiangzhe, from the last 7 th to the last 8 th of each year, selecting a greenhouse for planting vegetables and melons in spring stubbles, removing a film on the top and the periphery of the greenhouse, covering the whole greenhouse with an insect-proof net, irrigating soil in the greenhouse, and after water permeates into soil and is spread with base fertilizer, making the soil in the greenhouse into a high furrow with the height of 20-25 cm and the width of 200-300 cm;

sowing the parent stock seeds on the high ridges by adopting a direct seeding cultivation method;

in the middle late 11 months of each year, rain sheltering facilities are additionally arranged on the shed roof for planting the soybeans, and when the bean pods turn yellow, original seeds for breeding in the next year are collected.

7. The breeding method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising covering the shed roof or the soil surface with a sunshade net after the sowing, and removing the sunshade net after the seeds germinate and come out of the soil.

8. The breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the western scale breeding comprises: in the middle and last ten days of 5 months each year, the production seeds of the ecotype soybean varieties sowed in summer are bred in a field direct seeding mode.

9. The breeding method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the field direct seeding mode comprises: before sowing, watering water on the bottom of the soil, after the water penetrates into the soil and no water is accumulated on the soil surface, deeply turning the base fertilizer into the soil, finely raking and leveling the soil in the whole field to form a high bed with the height of 12-15 cm and the width of 3-4 m;

and performing single-seed dibbling on the high ridges, wherein the number of plants per mu is kept to be 5000-6000.

10. The breeding method of claim 9, wherein the single-seed-sowing comprises the seed spacing of 15-17 cm and the line spacing of 35-40 cm.

Images