CN115152557A - Method for cultivating and planting taros in greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for cultivating and planting taros in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a method for cultivating and planting taro in a greenhouse, which comprises the following specific steps: (1) land preparation and fertilization; (2) selecting seeds and sowing; (3) field management; (4), ridging; (5) preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests; and (6) harvesting. The method for cultivating and planting the taros in the greenhouse advances the seeding time of the taros, shortens the growth period of the taros, improves the acre yield of the taros, is favorable for crop rotation arrangement and has good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop planting, in particular to a method for cultivating and planting taros in a greenhouse.
Background
The taro is also called taro and taro, the underground corm of the plant of the Araceae, the shape and the meat quality are different according to the variety, and the taro is usually eaten as small taro. Perennial tuber plants are often cultivated as annual crops. Shield shape of leaf, long and fat petiole, green or purple; the plant base forms a shortened stem, gradually accumulates nutrients and becomes fat into a fleshy bulb called taro or colocasia esculenta, which is spherical, oval, elliptical or blocky, and the like. Each section of the mother taro has a brain bud, but the axillary buds at the middle and lower sections have the strongest activity, so that the first tillering is carried out, a small bulb is formed and called as 'child taro', and then 'grandchild taro' is generated from the child taro.
The Taicang Xinmao taro is a local famous and special-quality variety of Suzhou Taicang, has medium-sized and round mother taro and more son taros, and belongs to the multi-son taros. Bud red, glutinous and smooth in texture, mellow in flavor, mainly edible seed taro. However, the traditional cultivation technology of the taros and the reality of late harvest, low yield and poor benefit of the taros restrict the development of agricultural production of the taros.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for cultivating and planting the taros in the greenhouse is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the application discloses a method for cultivating and planting taros in a greenhouse, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: timely ploughing and preparing soil after cleaning previous stubbles, and ridging;
(2) And seed selection and sowing: selecting virus-free seed taro of Taicang Xinmao taro as seed taro, sowing seeds on the furrow surface at equal intervals in the middle and late ten days of 1 month, and performing three-layer film mulching;
(3) And field management: film rupture is assisted to sprout, water and topdressing;
(4) And ridging: when the subnata and the grandmother start to form, periodically hilling;
(5) And preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: the pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled in a mode of combining agricultural prevention and control with medicament prevention and control;
(6) And harvesting: firstly cutting off upper stem leaves, then turning up the whole cave of taro by using a taro harvester, manually removing soil, breaking off daughter taros and granddaughter taros, separating the daughter taros and the granddaughter taros according to the grades of the mother taros, the daughter taros and the granddaughter taros, placing the separated subtaros in the sunny place or in the field, and waiting for sale after moisture dissipation.
Further, in the method for cultivating and planting the taros in the greenhouse, thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer is applied before plowing and land preparation in the step (1), and the fertilizing amount is 2000 kg-2500 kg per mu.
Further, in the method for cultivating and planting the taros in the greenhouse, the base fertilizer is applied after plowing and land preparation in the step (1), the fertilizing amount is 100kg per mu, and ridges are formed after fertilizing.
Further, in the method for culturing and planting the taros in the greenhouse, the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer except urea.
Further, in the method for cultivating and planting the taro in the greenhouse, the seed taro in the step (2) is subjected to medicament treatment by 1500 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder before sowing.
Further, in the method for cultivating and planting the taros in the greenhouse, in the step (3), field observation is carried out 30 days after sowing, film breaking is carried out to assist seedling emergence when the sprouts break the ground, and holes are sealed by soil; watering is not needed in the seedling emergence stage, and watering is carried out in the morning and evening in the middle and later stages.
Further, in the method for cultivating and planting the taros in the greenhouse, the additional fertilizer in the step (3) comprises the step of spreading a compound fertilizer between two taros in the expansion period of the mother taros before hilling, wherein the fertilizing time is 5 months and 15 days to 5 months and 25 days, and the fertilizing amount is 40kg per mu.
Further, in the method for cultivating and planting the taros in the greenhouse, the additional fertilizer in the step (3) further comprises the step of spreading a compound fertilizer in the seed taro expansion period between two taros before hilling, wherein the fertilizing time is 6 months, 5 days to 6 months, 15 days, and the fertilizing amount is 40kg per mu.
Further, in the method for cultivating and planting the taro in the greenhouse, the ridging in the step (4) is carried out in 6 months, 2 times of ridging are carried out at intervals of 20 days, and the thickness of each ridging is 2 inches.
Further, in the method for cultivating and planting the taro in the greenhouse, the medicament in the step (5) at least comprises medicaments aiming at soft rot, taro blight, aphid, prodenia litura and red spider.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method for cultivating and planting the taros in the greenhouse advances the seeding time of the taros, shortens the growth period of the taros, facilitates crop rotation arrangement, realizes annual crop rotation in land, improves the acre yield of the taros, can realize large-scale industrial production, meets the processing requirements of the food industry on the taros, and achieves the purposes of premature delivery, yield increase and income increase.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples: the invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the specific material ratios, process conditions and results thereof described in the examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention described in detail in the claims.
A method for cultivating and planting taros in a greenhouse comprises the following crop arrangement: sowing in the middle and last ten days of 1 month, and harvesting at the bottom of 7 months, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: the bulbodium of taro has upward growth habit, the root system is deeply distributed, a greenhouse with rich soil, strong fertilizer retention and water retention capacity, a thick and loose soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage is selected, the soil is ploughed in time after the previous stubble is cleaned, 2000-2500 kg of high-quality thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu before ploughing, the soil is soft and breathable and contains much heat, then ridges are formed to form furrows, and 6 furrows arranged along the length direction of the greenhouse are formed by taking the greenhouse eight meters wide as an example, wherein 2 furrows on the outermost side and two sides of the greenhouse are respectively reserved with 0.4 meter, and are simultaneously sufficiently applied with base fertilizer, 100kg of high concentration compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, wherein urea is forbidden to be used as the base fertilizer, so that the problems of low fruit quality and yield, low fruit acerbity and hardness, poor mouthfeel and the like caused by too short expansion period of taro fruits in the later period are avoided;
(2) And seed selection and sowing: selecting a virus-free seed taro of a healthy Taicang Xinmao taro, wherein the seed taro is more than medium in size, round and red in bud, free of scab and insect damage trace, and the larger the seed taro is, the more the nutrient components are contained, so that the later growth and development of plants are better; one day before sowing, treating the soaked seeds for 15 minutes by using 1500 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil (daconing) wettable powder, then spreading for drying to prevent taro epidemic diseases, sowing on the furrow surfaces according to the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 80cm on the second day, covering a mulching film, carrying out chemical weeding before covering the mulching film, and compacting the periphery of the edge of the mulching film along the compartment edge by using soil; wherein, the taros in the greenhouse generally start to be planted in the middle and late ten days of 1 month, the taros are in warm and humid climate and can germinate at the temperature of more than 13-15 ℃, under the condition of well covering a mulching film and a double-layer greenhouse film, the earlier the sowing period is, the better the taros can sprout, the taros are planted in advance, the growth period is prolonged, and the yield can be obviously increased;
(3) And field management: performing field observation 30 days after sowing, timely breaking the film to assist seedling emergence when finding that the seed buds break the soil, sealing holes by using soil, and timely supplementing the seedlings when finding that the seedlings are short;
meanwhile, because the taros have large leaves and strong transpiration, the taros are favored by water and are forbidden to dry soil, otherwise, the phenomena of yellow leaves and dead leaves are easy to occur; in the early stage, the temperature is low, the growth amount is small, so that only the soil humidity is required to be kept, and particularly watering is avoided in the seedling stage so as to avoid influencing rooting and seedling emergence; the temperature in the middle and later periods is high, the growth amount is large, the water demand is large, the soil is kept moist, the irrigation time is suitable in the morning and at the evening, the midday watering is avoided particularly in high-temperature seasons, and otherwise, the leaves are easy to wither to cause physiological water shortage;
in addition, the mulching film is uncovered before topdressing, and the mulching film is recovered; the top dressing method comprises the steps of determining corresponding fertilizing amount and fertilizing method according to the fertilizer requirement rule of taros, soil nutrient conditions and fertilizer effect, carrying out balanced fertilization according to the principles of organic and inorganic combination, combination of base fertilizer and top dressing and matching of N, P and K elements, wherein the taros are long in growth period, large in fertilizer requirement and strong in fertility resistance, and besides the base fertilizer is sufficiently applied, the taros on greenhouse mulching films need to be fertilized twice. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, promoting the overground part to grow rapidly, promoting the mother taro to expand rapidly and promoting the child taro and the grandma to form in the expansion period of the mother taro, and secondly, promoting the child taro and the grandma to form and expand rapidly in the expansion period of the child taro;
wherein, a high-concentration compound fertilizer is used as a fertilizer for the expansion period of the mother taros and is broadcast between two taros before ridging, the fertilizing time is 5 months and 15 days to 5 months and 25 days, and the fertilizing amount is 40kg per mu; taking a high-concentration compound fertilizer as a fertilizer for the expansion period of the seed taros, and broadcasting the fertilizer between two taros before hilling, wherein the fertilizing time is 6 months, 5 days to 6 months, 15 days, and the fertilizing amount is 40kg per mu; wherein, if the base fertilizer and the fertilizer for the expansion period of the seed taro are used in enough amount, the fertilizer for the expansion period of the seed taro can not be applied;
(4) And ridging: hilling and hilling roots are key measures for culturing taros, the taros which grow rapidly in the overground part of 6 months usually expand rapidly, and hilling is started when the child taros and the grand taros start to form; the agroforestry says "no congestion in june, equal to no seed"; the daughter taros and the grandmother taros are generated from the middle lower parts of the mother taros, and no matter the mother taros, the daughter taros or the grandmother taros are continuously added with stem nodes and grow upwards, if the leaves of the new taros are drawn out or the soil surface is exposed, the new taros become longer and green, the nutrients are consumed, the growth of the daughter taros is influenced, excessive small mother taros are formed, and the quality of the daughter taros is reduced; therefore, the surplus lateral buds and old leaves are required to be folded and poured in time to surround the roots for earthing up (also called blank pressing lotus), the earthing up/blank pressing lotus can promote the generation of adventitious roots, improve the drought resistance, inhibit the growth of terminal buds, and the earthing up is also beneficial to the growth and hypertrophy of corms, the earthing up is carried out once in about 20 days, the thickness is about 2 inches, and the earthing up is generally carried out for 2 times;
ridging is usually carried out in combination with intertillage weeding, and the periphery of the ridging is uniform every time, so that the shape of the taros can be correct; in addition, the Xinmaxiang young taro is terminal bud of the seed taro, and is easy to germinate and come out of the soil, the vine is folded firstly during intertillage ridging, then the soil is buried, the soil layer is thickened gradually during each ridging, and the thickness of the final ridging is about 10 cm;
(5) And preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: the method follows the policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive prevention', takes agricultural prevention as the basis, preferentially adopts physical and biological prevention, selects high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides, does not use forbidden pesticides, and ensures the quality safety of the taros;
wherein, the agricultural control is realized by the modes of annual crop rotation, selection of the seed of the disease-free taro, reduction of mechanical damage of overground parts and underground parts, removal of damaged leaves, enhancement of field management and the like; the taros in the greenhouse are sown in the middle and late days of 1 month and harvested at the bottom of 7 months, so that the arrangement of subsequent crops is facilitated, the annual rotation of the land is realized, the balanced utilization of soil nutrients and the prevention and treatment of diseases, insects and weeds are facilitated, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be effectively improved, and the soil fertility is adjusted;
in addition, diseases of the taros mainly include soft rot and taro epidemic diseases, and main pests include aphids, prodenia litura and red spiders; wherein, the taro epidemic disease belongs to fungal diseases, mainly harms petioles, leaves and corms, is easy to occur due to high temperature, much humidity or sunny days, excessively densely plants and applies nitrogen fertilizer to a part, and the growth is vigorous, which causes serious morbidity; soft rot belongs to bacterial diseases, damages underground corms and petiole bases, and can cause diseases in the whole growth period; aphids suck juice on leaf backs or young leaves by adults and larvae, so that the leaves are curled and deformed, grow badly and spread virus diseases, and the leaves are fully covered with black mildew layers when the virus diseases are serious; the larvae of the prodenia litura eat leaves, and only leave veins when the larvae are serious;
except taro seed treatment, the application of the pesticide is started in the middle ten days of the disease before the disease occurs, 50ml of 32.5% azoxystrobin (amikao) or 1000-fold liquid of 64% oxadiummanganese zinc is firstly used for preventing and treating the taro epidemic disease per mu of land (the same in the following), 70ml of 25% amisida suspension is firstly uniformly sprayed on the field with the disease, 300 g of 53.8% copper hydroxide water dispersible granules are uniformly sprayed on the field with the disease, and the pesticide is a protective bactericide, so that the pesticide is required to be sprayed on all parts of plants during spraying, and a layer of protective film is formed on the surfaces of the plants and stems and leaves; if amiloride cannot be sprayed with amiloride after spraying, the amiloride cannot be sprayed for protection under the influence of overcast and rainy days, the disease is found to be developed, amiloride is sprayed once again, the disease condition is controlled, and then 53.8% of copper hydroxide water dispersible granule is sprayed for protection;
aiming at soft rot, fertilizer and water management needs to be strengthened, diseased plants are timely pulled out and taken away, and lime is scattered around disease holes; meanwhile, 15 g of 72 percent agricultural streptomyces wettable powder and 150 g of 75 percent chlorothalonil (daceonine) wettable powder can be used for root irrigation and can be applied once respectively before topdressing, after hilling and after cutting young taros; in addition, agricultural streptomycin is added in the region with serious disease throughout the year for each drug application, so that underground pests are prevented strictly and moisture is controlled;
8 g of 25% imidacloprid wettable powder or 8 g of 50% pymetrozine wettable powder or 4 g of 10% nitenpyram water aqua is used for spraying and killing aphids;
aiming at prodenia litura, spraying and killing 50ml of 3% emamectin benzoate 8 g or 5% Taibao 1500-fold solution or 10% insect-concealed nitrile suspoemulsion (completely removed) or 15ml of 15% Andai suspoemulsion before 3 instars of larvae;
aiming at red spiders, 20ml of 3 percent abamectin microemulsion or 10 ml of 10 percent abamectin pyridaben water emulsion or 25ml of 43 percent diphylhydrazine ester suspending emulsion is used for spraying leaf surfaces;
(6) And harvesting: harvesting continuously in 7 th ten days, firstly cutting off upper stem leaves, then turning up the taros in the whole hole by using a taro harvester, manually removing soil, breaking off the daughter taros and the granddaughter taros, separating the daughter taros and the granddaughter taros according to the grades of the mother taros, the daughter taros and the granddaughter taros, placing the taros in the sunny place or in the field, storing and selling the taros after moisture dissipation, measuring and calculating the yield, wherein the yield per mu of the simple taros exceeds 22000 yuan, carrying out equal-cropping cultivation on the green beans, increasing the total yield by more than 26%, and subsequently harvesting green garlic or celery or fallow, wherein the yield per mu of the planted dihydrauli early green garlic reaches 1250KG, the yield per mu of the planted royle celery reaches 3000KG, and the yield of crops after harvesting is also improved, so that the yield per mu is further improved; under normal conditions, the crop rotation and fallow period of the taro field is more than three years, and continuous cropping obstacles and the like caused by continuous cropping planting of the taros are avoided.
In conclusion, the method for cultivating and planting the taros in the greenhouse advances the seeding time of the taros, shortens the growth period of the taros, facilitates crop rotation arrangement, realizes annual crop rotation in land, improves the acre yield of the taros, can realize large-scale industrial production, meets the processing requirements of the food industry on the taros, and achieves the purposes of premature delivery, yield increase and income increase.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the scheme according to the present invention are shown in the embodiments, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating and planting taros in a greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: timely ploughing and preparing soil after cleaning previous stubbles, and ridging;
(2) And seed selection and sowing: selecting virus-free seed taro of Taicang Xinmao taro as seed taro, sowing seeds on the furrow surface at equal intervals in the middle and late ten days of 1 month, and performing three-layer film mulching;
(3) And field management: film rupture is assisted to sprout, water and topdressing;
(4) And ridging: when the child taros and the grand taros begin to form, periodically hilling;
(5) And preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: the pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled in a mode of combining agricultural prevention and control with medicament prevention and control;
(6) And harvesting: firstly cutting off upper stem leaves, then turning up the whole hole of taro by a taro harvester, manually removing soil, breaking out daughter taro and grandmother taro, separating the daughter taro and the grandmother taro according to the grades of the mother taro, the daughter taro and the grandmother taro, placing the separated subtaro, the grandmother taro and the grandmother taro in the sunny place or in the field, and waiting for sale after moisture is dissipated.
2. The method for cultivating and planting greenhouse taros as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before plowing and land preparation in the step (1), applying decomposed organic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 2000 kg-2500 kg per mu.
3. The method for cultivating and planting greenhouse taros as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (2) applying base fertilizer after plowing and land preparation in the step (1), wherein the fertilizer application amount is 100kg per mu, and ridging after fertilizer application.
4. The method for cultivating and planting greenhouse taros as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer except urea.
5. The method for cultivating and planting greenhouse taros as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) before sowing, the seed taro is subjected to medicament treatment by 1500 times of liquid of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder.
6. The method for cultivating and planting greenhouse taros as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), field observation is carried out 30 days after sowing, film breaking is carried out to assist seedling emergence when the sprouts break the ground, and holes are sealed by soil; watering is not needed in the seedling emergence stage, and watering is carried out in the morning and evening in the middle and later stages.
7. The method for culturing and planting greenhouse taro as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) topdressing in the step (3) comprises the step of spreading a fertilizer in the expansion period of the mother taros between two taros before ridging, wherein the fertilizing time is 5 months and 15 days to 5 months and 25 days, and the fertilizing amount is 40kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
8. The method for cultivating and planting greenhouse taros as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) additionally fertilizing in the step (3) further comprising the step of spreading a fertilizer in the expansion period of the seed taros between two taros before hilling, wherein the fertilizing time is 6 months, 5 days to 6 months and 15 days, and the fertilizing amount is 40kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
9. The method for cultivating and planting greenhouse taros as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hilling in the step (4) is carried out in 6 months, including 2 hilling at intervals of 20 days, and the thickness of each hilling is 2 inches.
10. The method for cultivating and planting greenhouse taros as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the medicament in the step (5) at least comprises medicaments for soft rot, taro blight, aphid, prodenia litura and red spider.
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