CN115137676B - 一种鸡屎藤提取物及其在制备牙膏中的应用 - Google Patents
一种鸡屎藤提取物及其在制备牙膏中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种鸡屎藤提取物及其在制备牙膏中的应用,鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏的制备方法包括如下步骤:按照配方量(1)将甘油、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶混合均匀,搅拌至无结块澄清透明的状态,得混合物A;(2)将糖精钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、鸡屎藤醇提物和/或水提物溶于蒸馏水中,得混合物B;(3)将山梨醇加入混合物A中,搅拌均匀后,同时加入碳酸钙和混合物B,搅拌混合均匀后即得所述鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然植物药膏领域,具体涉及一种鸡屎藤提取物及其在制备牙膏中的应用。
背景技术
鸡屎藤[Paederia scandens(Lour.)Merr]是茜草科鸡屎藤属的一种蔓生草本植物,别名又叫做鸡矢藤、牛皮冻、臭藤、五香藤、母狗藤等,味道类似于鸡屎臭味。鸡屎藤是多年生缠绕草质藤本,一般长可达2-3m,整株植物被浓密的灰色绒毛所覆盖,叶片呈长椭圆状披针形,多数在夏天和秋天开花,花为淡紫色,果实为淡黄色圆球形,大部分生长在森林、山坡、溪流等地。在海南,人们常把鸡屎藤当作一味黎药来治疗疾病,其主产于万宁、陵水、保亭、乐东、东方、昌江、儋州、定安和琼山等地,主要来源于野生。
鸡屎藤作为民间常用草药有着悠久的历史,主要以地上部分和根用药。目前,其根、叶、茎、果提取物常用于治疗类风湿关节炎、牙痛、胸痛、痔疮和脾脏感染,鸡屎藤提取物对利尿和催吐也有明显效果,新鲜的鸡屎藤叶还被用于熬粥、熬汤使用。在我国许多省份,如陕西、山东、浙江、福建、广东、四川、云南等省均有鸡屎藤分布,可谓是资源十分丰富。现代药理研究证明,鸡屎藤对金黄色葡萄菌、痢疾杆菌和肺炎双球菌均有抑制作用,对肝癌、多发性骨髓瘤也有治疗作用,这些都说明鸡屎藤有着良好的开发前景。
发明内容
本发明提供一种鸡屎藤醇提物,其特征在于所述鸡屎藤醇提物由如下方法制备:将新鲜鸡屎藤磨碎后,室温下,用体积分数80-95%乙醇溶液浸泡3-5天后,过滤,滤液浓缩得浸膏,即为所述鸡屎藤醇提物。80-95%乙醇溶液的用量为新鲜鸡屎藤质量的2.0-3.0倍。
本发明提供一种鸡屎藤水提物,其特征在于所述鸡屎藤水提物由如下方法制备:将新鲜鸡屎藤磨碎后,室温下,用蒸馏水浸泡3-5天后,过滤,滤液浓缩得浸膏,即为所述鸡屎藤水提物。蒸馏水的用量为新鲜鸡屎藤质量的0.5-2.0倍。
本发明的另一实施方案提供一种鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏,其特征在于该鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏以上述鸡屎藤醇提物和/或水提物作为抗菌活性成分。还任选包含其他抗菌成分。
本发明的另一实施方案提供一种鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏,其特征在于该鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏由牙膏基质、上述鸡屎藤醇提物和/或水提物组成。其中鸡屎藤醇提物和/或水提物的质量分数为0.1%-0.7%。牙膏基质的配方如下:
本发明的另一实施方案提供上述鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
按照配方量
(1)将甘油、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶混合均匀,搅拌至无结块澄清透明的状态,得混合物A;
(2)将糖精钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、鸡屎藤醇提物和/或水提物溶于蒸馏水中,得混合物B;
(3)将山梨醇加入混合物A中,搅拌均匀后,同时加入碳酸钙和混合物B,搅拌混合均匀后即得所述鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明通过对牙膏基质配方的优化,以及对鸡屎藤的提取,获得一种鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏,其对部分菌的抑菌活性优于现有产品。
附图说明
图1是RH=89%时甘油的变化量对保湿效果的影响图;
图2是RH=89%时山梨醇的变化量对保湿效果的影响图;
图3是RH=45%时山梨醇的变化量对保湿效果的影响图;
图4是鸡屎藤牙膏抗菌效果图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将新鲜鸡屎藤(1.0kg)磨碎后,室温下,用体积分数95%乙醇溶液(2.0kg)浸泡3天后,过滤,滤液浓缩得浸膏,即为所述鸡屎藤醇提物。
实施例2
将新鲜鸡屎藤(1.0kg)磨碎后,室温下,用蒸馏水(0.5kg)浸泡3天后,过滤,滤液浓缩得浸膏,即为所述鸡屎藤水提物。
实施例3牙膏基质最佳配方设计
3.2.1对甘油的含量进行探究
表1不同的甘油含量的牙膏基质
表2不同甘油含量的配方的感官评价
探究结果:甘油在牙膏配方中常作为保湿剂来使用,其保湿性和稳定性较优于其他保湿剂,牙膏膏体的光滑细腻、光亮的程度受甘油的影响较大。甘油过量会致使膏体稠度降低,变得较稀,例如A1和A2样品。A3基质稠度适中,粘度为320000mPa.s,拉丝效果好,口感好。
3.2.2对羧甲基纤维素钠的含量进行探究
表3不同的羧甲基纤维素钠含量的牙膏基质
表4不同羧甲基纤维素钠含量的配方的感官评价
探究结果:羧甲基纤维素钠常作为增稠剂,适量的加入有助于膏体性质保持稳定,一般多使用复配增稠剂。少量的羧甲基纤维素钠会使膏体不能成条,使用效果差;过量的羧甲基纤维素钠会使膏体过于稠密,不利于刷牙时膏体的分散,如B3样品。B1基质稠度适中,粘度为620000mPa.s,拉丝效果好,口感好。
3.2.3对黄原胶的含量进行探究
表5不同的黄原胶含量的牙膏基质
表6不同黄原胶含量的配方的感官评价
探究结果:黄原胶和羧甲基纤维素钠进行复配,共同对膏体产生作用,使制备的膏体能达到所需的质量,更好的维持膏体稳定。C3与C2样品的稠度都较大,膏体使用感不好,C1基质稠度适中,粘度为110000mPa.s,拉丝效果好,口感好。
3.2.4对山梨醇的含量进行探究
表7不同的山梨醇含量的牙膏基质
表8不同山梨醇含量的配方的感官评价
探究结果:山梨醇在配方中起到保湿作用,成本较甘油低,是新型保湿剂。现用甘油和山梨醇制成复配保湿剂来使用,这样制得的胶水分散性优于单一的保湿剂。山梨醇少量会使膏体较稠,如D2和D3;过量会使膏体太稀,效果不好,如D5;D4基质稠度适中,粘度为404000mPa.s,拉丝效果好,口感好。
3.2.5对发泡剂的含量进行探究
表9不同的发泡剂含量的牙膏基质
表10不同发泡剂含量的配方的感官评价
探究结果:发泡剂能降低水的表面张力,起到湿润、起泡、洗涤和去污等作用,十二烷基硫酸钠发泡作用强,能够产生丰富的泡沫,且对口腔粘膜刺激性小。过量的使用发泡剂会使膏体使用起来泡沫过多,影响口感,造成不适,例如E3、E4和E5。而E1基质稠度适中,粘度为354000mPa.s,拉丝效果好,起泡适量,口感好。
3.2.6对糖精钠的含量进行探究
表11不同的糖精钠含量的牙膏基质
表12不同糖精钠含量的配方的感官评价
探究结果:在配方中加入甜味剂是为了调配牙膏的口感,糖精钠的甜度是蔗糖的500倍,但是用量过多会产生苦味,例如F3样品。F1基质稠度适中,粘度为360000mPa.s,拉丝效果好,口感好,甜度适中,不发苦。
3.2.7对碳酸钙的含量进行探究
表13不同的碳酸钙含量的牙膏基质
表14不同碳酸钙含量的配方的感官评价
探究结果:碳酸钙是配方中的摩擦剂,主要起清洁作用。碳酸钙过量使用会对牙齿造成损伤,且膏体稠度也会受到影响,例如G6与G7样品,这两个样品在使用过程中口腔明显有颗粒感,摩擦感强烈,若长期使用会破坏牙釉质。G1基质稠度适中,拉丝效果好,口感好,摩擦效果较好。
3.2.8发泡剂含量不同的牙膏的起泡效果
表15不同的发泡剂含量的牙膏起泡高度
由表可以看出,随着发泡剂含量的增加,起泡高度先增加后又降低,通过探究,E1组的起泡效果适中,符合要求。
3.2.9比较甘油、山梨醇含量不同的牙膏的吸湿性
由图1可知,甘油的含量和失水量成反比,且随着时间的变化,牙膏在前4天内失水最严重的,4天后失水率开始逐渐变低。
由图2-3可知,山梨醇的含量不同,对牙膏的失水率的影响比较大,二者成反比例关系。d3的保湿效果适中,失水率较低。
现在选取两组中呈现效果最好的样品进行归纳比较:
表16不同配方制备的牙膏的理化性质
由上表可以看出,在RH=89%时A3样品的失水量低于D4样品;在RH=43%时A3的失水量略高于D4样品,A3样品甘油含量为20%,山梨醇含量为10%;D4样品甘油含量为10%,山梨醇含量为25%,二者仅是甘油和山梨醇含量不同,但从粘度、外观和保湿综合上来看,A3样品更好。
综合以上各个方面对牙膏最佳配方的探究结果来看,样品A3的综合效果最好,即得出最佳牙膏配方:
表17碳酸钙牙膏配方详情
实施例4
根据实施例3中最佳牙膏基质配方,分别制备鸡屎藤醇或水提物质量分数0.1%-0.7%的牙膏:鸡屎藤醇提物牙膏a组,鸡屎藤水提物牙膏b组,具体分组如下:
鸡屎藤醇提物牙膏a组 鸡屎藤水提物牙膏b组 几种上市牙膏对照组
a1:0.1%醇提取物牙膏 b1:0.1%水提取物牙膏 e1:黑人牙膏
a2:0.3%醇提取物牙膏 b2:0.3%水提取物牙膏 e2:佳洁士牙膏
a3:0.5%醇提取物牙膏 b3:0.5%水提取物牙膏 e3:竹盐牙膏
a4:0.7%醇提取物牙膏 b4:0.7%水提取物牙膏 e4:云南白药牙膏
通用制备方法:按照配方量
(1)将甘油、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶混合均匀,搅拌至无结块澄清透明的状态,得混合物A;
(2)将糖精钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、鸡屎藤醇提物和/或水提物溶于蒸馏水中,得混合物B;
(3)将山梨醇加入混合物A中,搅拌均匀后,同时加入碳酸钙和混合物B,搅拌混合均匀后即得所述鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏。
抗菌活性测试:
参考文献的方法(荷叶乙醇提取物的抗氧化与抑菌作用研究[J].食品与发酵工业,2005(10):21-24.),采用滤纸片稀释法,研究鸡屎藤的水提取物和鸡屎藤的乙醇提取物分别对于金黄色葡萄球菌、变形链球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌活性。
制作琼脂板:根据需要配制营养琼脂,配置按说明称取32g营养琼脂培养基溶解于1L的蒸馏水中,放入灭菌器提篮中121℃高压灭菌30分钟,灭菌后,待其冷却到45℃左右时在超净台内进行倒平板,超净台提前打30分钟开紫外灯照射灭菌。琼脂在培养血中冷却凝固后用封口膜封上倒置放在培养箱中培养,培养72小时后没有细菌生长,平板合格,从培养精中取出备用。
配制营养肉汤培养基:根据需要去配制培养基,培养液的配制按其说明进行操作,先称取36g营养肉汤培养基溶解于2L蒸馏水中,配好后将其分装到250ml锥形瓶中,每瓶约100~150mL培养液,每个菌种活化时需要一瓶培养液,稀释时需要一瓶培养液,放入灭菌锅中121℃高压灭菌30分钟,培养液放凉后接种菌种培养。
菌液的稀释:从摇床中取出活化好的细菌,把营养肉汤培养液对应菌种做好标记,喷上75%的酒精后放入超净台进行操作。用1000μml的移液器活化的锥形瓶中取出1ml的菌液加入到相应的营养肉汤培养液中,摇匀。
制备菌平板:将涂布器浸在盛有清精的烧杯中,用1000μL的移液器从稀释后的菌液中吸取400μL滴加到营养琼脂培养基表面,用涂布器涂均匀。
制作药敏片:取高压灭菌过的并且烘干过的滤纸片,用10μl的移液枪分别吸取各种鸡屎藤牙膏溶液的样品溶液10μL滴在滤纸片上,放置一段时间待其风干后备用。
药敏试验:取已经制备好的药敏片,放置在已经接好菌的琼脂培养皿表面的不同区域(事先在培养皿的底部用记号笔作上标注),然后将培养皿放入37℃的生化培养箱中,等待培养24h后观察药敏片周围是否呈现出抑菌圈,并用直尺测量各个抑菌圈的直径,记录数据,比较各样品对不同细菌的抗菌效力。每个样品做三组平行实验。结果见表18及图4。
表18含有各种提取物的牙膏对3种口腔中主要细菌抑菌圈直径
由上述数据可以得出,鸡屎藤醇提物牙膏(a组)和鸡屎藤水提物牙膏(b组)对变形链球菌的抑菌效果要强于对其他两种菌的抑菌效果。0.5%水提取物牙膏样品(b3)对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制效果比较好,0.7%醇提取物牙膏样品(a4)对变形链球菌的抑制效果最佳,其对变形链球菌的抑制活性分别高于市售云南白药牙膏、黑人牙膏、佳洁士牙膏、竹盐牙膏对变形链球菌的抑制活性。
Claims (3)
1.一种鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏,其特征在于该鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏由牙膏基质、鸡屎藤醇提物或水提物组成;该鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏中鸡屎藤醇提物的质量分数为0.7%、水提物的质量分数为0.5%;
所述鸡屎藤醇提物由如下方法制备:将新鲜鸡屎藤磨碎后,室温下,用体积分数80-95%乙醇溶液浸泡3-5天后,过滤,滤液浓缩得浸膏,即为所述鸡屎藤醇提物;80-95%乙醇溶液的用量为新鲜鸡屎藤质量的2.0-3.0倍;
所述鸡屎藤水提物由如下方法制备:将新鲜鸡屎藤磨碎后,室温下,用蒸馏水浸泡3-5天后,过滤,滤液浓缩得浸膏,即为所述鸡屎藤水提物;蒸馏水的用量为新鲜鸡屎藤质量的0.5-2.0倍。
2.权利要求1所述的鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏,其特征在于所述牙膏基质的配方如下:
3.权利要求1-2任一项所述鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
按照配方量
(1)将甘油、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶混合均匀,搅拌至无结块澄清透明的状态,得混合物A;
(2)将糖精钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、鸡屎藤醇提物或水提物溶于蒸馏水中,得混合物B;
(3)将山梨醇加入混合物A中,搅拌均匀后,同时加入碳酸钙和混合物B,搅拌混合均匀后即得所述鸡屎藤抗菌牙膏。
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