CN115120529A - 一种丹参红花复合多糖及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种丹参红花复合多糖及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种丹参红花复合多糖及其制备方法和应用。丹参红花复合多糖是以丹参和红花为原料,按(10~1):(1~10)的质量比混合,采用多糖提取制备的。多糖提取为:将丹参和红花粉碎后过筛,加入去离子水,制备得到水提液;向水提取液中加入sevage试剂,取上层水相,加入乙醇使乙醇终浓度在70wt%,冷藏静置,过滤并冷冻干燥得到丹参红花复合多糖。本发明将丹参和红花混合提取获取复合多糖,具有良好的协同增效作用,表现出良好的抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎和抗肿瘤等功能,在开发营养添加剂、功能食品、保健食品、功能药物、化妆品和动物饲料、植物生长营养剂、肥料等方面,及在人、动物或植物等生命体中具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多糖提取技术领域,具体涉及一种丹参红花复合多糖及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
植物多糖,又称植物多聚糖,是指植物提取物中含有10个以上糖基并以α/β-糖苷键连接的产物,具有抗氧化、抗菌和免疫调节等多种生物学功能。天然来源结构多样的多糖具有丰富的生物活性,在保证生命机体正常运转过程中具有重要作用,是重要的生命物质,在保健食品和功能性食品的研发中前景广阔;多糖一般无毒副作用,这是其区别于其它类型药物的一大特点,因此在药物研发过程中也发挥着举足轻重的作用。
植物多糖具有增强免疫、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎和降血糖等作用。植物多糖是良好的免疫调节剂,可与免疫细胞表面的多种受体结合,激活不同的信号通路来调控机体的免疫系统,激活巨噬细胞,刺激T/B淋巴细胞,提高人体血清免疫球蛋白水平,促进各种细胞因子生成和释放,促进抗体的分泌,具有增强机体免疫力的作用。现代科学研究认为,植物多糖的抗衰老作用主要通过以下四个方面:一是提高机体的超氧化物歧化酶活力,降低机体内脂质过氧化物和丙二醛的浓度,清除机体的自由基,以抗衰老;二是减缓染色体末端端粒的缩短速度,加强DNA的复制与合成,激活端粒酶及提高端粒酶活性;三是调节蛋白质和核酸、糖和脂质的代谢;四是通过增强机体的免疫活性,来延缓衰老。植物多糖的抗肿瘤活性受到广泛认可,由于其能够对多种肿瘤细胞产生抑制作用,而对正常细胞几乎没有毒副作用,已成为潜在的抗肿瘤药物资源,抗肿瘤作用是多糖的重要生物学活性之一,在开发低毒性的天然抗肿瘤药物方面前景广阔。
复合多糖是指两种或两种以上多糖组分的混合物。这种复合不是随意的混合多糖,而是有意识有目的地将不同功效的几种活性多糖进行组合。复合多糖与单一活性多糖相比,在免疫激活的幅度和层面上,都大大超过单一活性多糖的作用,可以说是现代生物医学的一大进步。同时,复合多糖也具激发人体的免疫力系统活力、调节身体状态的功效。近年来,生物活性多糖的研究也正由单独应用向多糖与多糖间的协同效应研究转变。由此可见,不同来源和功效的多糖按照一定比例混合成的复合多糖具有更丰富的生物活性,可达到协同增效的作用。
现代科学研究认为,植物多糖的抗氧化活性与诸多功能活性密切相关,如抗衰老、免疫调节、抗炎和抗肿瘤活性等。
人体衰老是由于体内自由基发生了氧化反应,植物多糖可以提高机体的超氧化物歧化酶活力,降低机体内脂质过氧化物和丙二醛的浓度,清除机体的自由基,以达到抗衰老作用;或是通过增强机体的免疫活性,来延缓衰老。如怀山药粗多糖对过氧化氢所造成的细胞氧化应激损伤具有明显的保护作用,可改善衰老小鼠体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和丙二醛的生理指标,防止机体衰老。
丹参、红花是我国常见大宗中药材,具有丰富的资源蕴藏量,在我国人们生命健康和经济社会发展过程中具有重要地位。目前有关丹参多糖和红花多糖的研究应用相对较多,而关于丹参红花复合多糖的研究应用鲜有报道。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的目的是提供一种丹参红花复合多糖及其制备方法和应用。本发明首次创新性的通过将丹参和红花进行组合进行提取获取复合多糖,并对获取的多糖进行功能评价,研究表明该丹参红花复合多糖具有良好的协同增效作用,表现出良好的抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎和抗肿瘤等功能,在开发营养添加剂、功能食品、保健食品、功能药物、化妆品和动物饲料、植物生长营养剂、肥料等方面,及在人、动物或植物等生命体中具有广阔的应用前景。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种丹参红花复合多糖,所述丹参红花复合多糖是以丹参和红花为原料,按(10~1):(1~10)的质量比混合,采用多糖提取制备得到的。
优选的,所述多糖提取的方法为:
(1)将丹参和红花粉碎后过筛,加入去离子水,制备得到水提液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的水提取液中加入sevage试剂,取上层水相,加入乙醇使乙醇终浓度在70wt%,冷藏静置,最后过滤并冷冻干燥得到丹参红花复合多糖。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述丹参、红花粉和去离子水的质量比为(10~1):(1~10):400。
更为优选的,所述丹参、红花粉和去离子水的质量比为3:1:400。
优选的,步骤(1)中,制备水提液的方法为:超声提取、微波提取、热水提取或超临界提取。
优选的,所述超声处理的频率为20~40KHz、功率为50~250W、处理时间为10~60min。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述水提液与sevage试剂的质量比为(3~5):1。
优选的,所述sevage试剂由正丁醇和三氯甲烷按1:(3~5)的体积比混合得到。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述冷藏的温度为4℃,冷藏的时间为6~24h。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述冷冻干燥的温度为-30~-60℃,时间为24~72h。
本发明的第二方面,提供丹参红花复合多糖在抗氧化中的应用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明首次创新性的通过将丹参和红花进行组合进行提取获取复合多糖,并对获取的多糖进行功能评价,研究表明该丹参红花复合多糖具有良好的协同增效作用,表现出良好的抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎和抗肿瘤等功能,在开发营养添加剂、功能食品、保健食品、功能药物、化妆品和动物饲料、植物生长营养剂、肥料等方面,及在人、动物或植物等生命体中具有广阔的应用前景。植物多糖由10个以上单糖以糖苷键聚缩合而成,不同的结构决定了不同的功能,本发明丹参和红花混合提取过程中,二者多糖分子间相互作用,生成的复合多糖结构变化使得功效显著性增加,产生了“1+1>2”的效果。
附图说明
图1:(a)实施例制备的丹参红花复合多糖;(b)对比例1制备的丹参多糖;(c)对比例2制备的红花多糖。
图2:实施例和对比例1~3进行ABTS+·自由基清除的EC50结果。
图3:实施例和对比例1~3进行DPPH清除的EC50结果。
图4:实施例和对比例1~3进行羟基自由基清除的EC50结果。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本申请的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本申请的技术方案。
本发明实施例中所用的试验材料均为本领域常规的试验材料,均可通过商业渠道购买得到。
实施例
取3g丹参和1g红花,粉碎后过40目筛;加入400g去离子水;进行超声波辅助提取多糖,超声频率为30KHz、功率为150W、处理时间为30min。提取后离心并抽滤得到水提液,水提取液中加入sevage试剂(正丁醇:三氯甲烷按体积比1:4配制)去除蛋白,水提液与sevage试剂的质量比为4:1。取上层水相加入乙醇使乙醇终浓度在70wt%左右,于4℃冷藏静置,24h后过滤,-30℃冷冻干燥48h,得到丹参红花复合多糖。
对比例1
与实施例的区别在于:不添加红花,制备得到丹参多糖。
对比例2
与实施例的区别在于:不添加丹参,制备得到红花多糖。
对比例3
将对比例1提取的丹参多糖和对比例2提取的红花多糖按3:1的质量比混合,得到丹参红花混合多糖。
试验例:抗氧化活性测试
(1)DPPH清除自由基法:称0.00417g DPPH的试剂粉末,先加入大约1.35m1的甲苯,最后用50%乙醇定容到100mL得DPPH溶液。
多糖溶液的配制:分别称取实施例和对比例1~3制备的多糖0.00283g、0.00471g、0.01161g、0.02077g、0.03094g、0.4094g,分别定溶于5mL容量瓶中,设置多糖的浓度分别为0.4mg/mL、0.8mg/mL、2.0mg/mL、4.0mg/mL、6.0mg/mL、8.0mg/mL;紫外测定吸光度:将2.9mL的DPPH和0.156mL的多糖溶液充分混合后在517nm紫外吸光处测定吸光值A1;将2.9mL的DPPH和0.156mL 50%的乙醇充分混合后在517nm紫外吸光处测定吸光值A0;将2.9mL 50%乙醇和0.156mL多糖溶液充分混合后在517nm紫外吸光处测定吸光值A2。紫外测定过程中在避光的条件下操作,需静置18min左右,待充分混匀后测定吸光度值。在DPPH实验中采用清水作为空白对照,得出数值后求出该实验的平均值并求出三次实验的标准差,最后利用公式I%=[1-(A1-A2)/A0]×100%计算清除率。所得结果见表1~2和图3。
(2)ABTS+·自由基清除法:自由基阳离ABTS+,该自由基在734m处有最大吸收A734nm,且吸光度值与浓度呈正相关。ABTS+与抗氧化剂反应,在734nm处吸光度值A734nm减小,表明ABTS+自由基离子被清除,抗氧化能力越强,吸光值也就越小。ABTS法既可以用来测水溶性成分,又可以用来测定脂溶性成分。因为需要K2S2O8氧化,反应一般需要12小时以上。ABTS+·自由基溶液中分别加入实施例和对比例1~3制备的多糖(ABTS+·自由基溶液与多糖样品溶液体积比为20:1),在734nm的吸光度降低,多糖具有抗氧化性,反之,多糖不具有抗氧化性,或者抗氧化性很弱。在ABTS实验中采用清水作为空白对照,ABTS自由基清除能力计算公式如下:“ABTS清除率(%)=(A0-Ai)/A0×100%”,其中,A0为只加入稀释后的ABTS+·工作液和与样品同等体积的甲醇测得的吸光度值:Ai为多糖混合ABTS+·工作液测得的吸光度值。所得结果见表1、表3和图2。
(3)羟基自由基清除能力:(·OH)由氢氧根离子(OH-)失去一个电子形成。DPPH氧化性很强,在人体内形成会造成严重破坏。DPPH清除法测定原理如下:H2O2/Fe2+通过反应产生DPPH,并且溶液中原来存在的Fe2+被氧化变成了Fe3+,由于试剂在536nm处吸光值最大,成为Fe3+后吸光值降低,实施例和对比例1~3制备的多糖如果具有抗氧化活性,加入后,吸光值变大。在·OH实验中采用清水作为空白对照,“羟基自由基清除率=(Ai-A0)/Ai×100%”,A0为空白组吸光度值,即不加样品,加入等量甲醇测得值;Ai为加入样品后测得的吸光度值。所得结果见表1、表4和图4。
表1多糖的抗氧化功能效果数据
由表1和图2~4可以看出,丹参多糖、红花多糖及其复合多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性,并且复合多糖活性明显优于丹参多糖和红花多糖单独作用效果,呈现出显著差异。
表2
表3
表4
由表2~4可以看出,实施例1制备的丹参红花复合多糖浓度为4.0mg/mL时,对DPPH和ABTS+·自由基接近100%;浓度为6.0mg/mL时,对羟基自由基的清除率接近100%。在0.4~4.0mg/mL下丹参红花复合多糖的清除率大于对比例1制备的丹参多糖和对比例2制备的红花多糖的清除率之和。说明将丹参和红花一起提取多糖,可以协同促进其抗氧化能力。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种丹参红花复合多糖,其特征在于,所述丹参红花复合多糖是以丹参和红花为原料,按(10~1):(1~10)的质量比混合,采用多糖提取制备得到的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的丹参红花复合多糖,其特征在于,所述多糖提取的方法为:
(1)将丹参和红花粉碎后过筛,加入去离子水,制备得到水提液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的水提取液中加入sevage试剂,取上层水相,加入乙醇使乙醇终浓度在70wt%,冷藏静置,最后过滤并冷冻干燥得到丹参红花复合多糖。
3.根据权利要求2所述的丹参红花复合多糖,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述丹参、红花粉和去离子水的质量比为(10~1):(1~10):400。
4.根据权利要求2所述的丹参红花复合多糖,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,制备水提液的方法为:超声提取、微波提取、热水提取或超临界提取。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超声处理的频率为20~40KHz、功率为50~250W、处理时间为10~60min。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述水提液与sevage试剂的质量比为(3~5):1。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述sevage试剂由正丁醇和三氯甲烷按1:(3~5)的体积比混合得到。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述冷藏的温度为4℃,冷藏的时间为6~24h。
9.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述冷冻干燥的温度为-30~-60℃,时间为24~72h。
10.权利要求1~9任一项所述的丹参红花复合多糖在抗氧化中的应用。
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