CN115104607A - 一种非对称双季铵盐杀菌剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种非对称双季铵盐杀菌剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非对称长碳链季胺盐杀菌剂,属于水处理技术领域,本发明非对称长碳链季胺盐杀菌剂,不仅拥有不对称长碳链,水溶性及与其他药剂配伍性较好;而且带两个正电荷,除抗菌效果优良外,还具有一定的缓蚀作用。本发明杀菌剂是将N,N二甲基十二胺、二氯乙烷、N,N‑苄基二甲胺装入高压反应釜升温反应后,降温至室温加水搅拌溶解制得。本发明杀菌剂主要用于油田水处理中的细菌抑制及杀灭。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于循环水处理技术领域,涉及一种非对称双季铵盐杀菌剂的制备方法。
背景技术
随着工业的迅速发展,工业循环冷却水处理中出现的问题日益凸显。循环冷却水系统中,存在大量微生物,各种微生物及其分泌物和水体中的水垢、粉尘以及微生物死亡体一起形成了生物粘泥。不仅影响传热效率,而且大量微生物在金属管道表面附着,形成生物膜,这层生物膜,改变了金属表面的化学性质,加速了金属管道的垢下腐蚀。从而缩短设备的使用寿命,降低换热器的热交换效果,严重影响生产。因此,必须对循环冷却水系统中的细菌微生物进行有效的抑制。
目前,最方便有限和经济的灭菌手段,就是投加杀菌剂。水处理用杀菌剂包括氧化型和非氧化型两大类产品,氧化型杀菌剂用的最多的是液氯和其他氯剂,比如,二氧化氯等;非氧化型杀菌剂中以季铵盐类杀菌剂使用最为广泛,其次常用的还有异噻唑啉酮类、有机溴类以及有机胍等杀菌剂。常见的季铵盐类如1227虽然杀菌效果较好,但具有泡沫丰富、易产生耐药性等不足;异噻唑啉酮和有机溴类杀菌剂虽然配伍性好,但杀菌效率不是很高,药效的持久性也较差。有机胍类因绿色低碳,目前广泛应用,但有机胍类杀菌剂产品,没有缓蚀效果。而且循环水系统组因长期加入单种杀菌剂,系统产生抗药性,加入量不断上升,成本不断增加;
季铵盐类杀菌剂,不仅具有杀菌效果,而且有一定的缓蚀效果。李志远,赵景茂,左禹等双咪唑啉季铵盐的合成与缓蚀性能研究中认为,季铵盐的杀菌效果是由于分子电离产生的阳离子通过静电力等作用,吸附并聚集在带负电的细菌细胞表面,影响细菌与外界的物质传递,进而抑制细菌生长。此外,李兆双,李建芳,刘鹤等在生物医用硅橡胶表面抗菌性能改造研究进展中提出,季铵盐疏水烷基还能作用于细菌细胞膜的亲水基,增加细胞通透性,破坏细菌细胞结构。
杨宏科在油田杀菌剂的应用分析,荣华,刘超文,温馨等在一种改进型双季铵盐油田污水杀菌剂的制备与性能中认为,季铵盐类杀菌剂分子的的缓蚀作用主要因分子的化学吸附和物理吸附产生。一方面季铵盐分子中的氮原子带正电荷,具有静电力和范德华力,吸附在金属表面,这种可逆的物理吸附,犹如形成了一层保护膜,一定程度的保护了金属表面;另一方面,季铵盐分子或离子可通过电荷转移或电荷共享的方式与金属表面形成配位键,尤其是当季铵盐分子结构中还含有杂原子(N、S、P、O)、π-电子共轭体系或其他极性基团时,可为金属基体的空d轨道提供电子,从而形成牢固的配位键,这种稳定的化学吸附能极大增加季铵盐类物质的缓蚀作用,从而大幅降低金属的腐蚀速率。
市场上杀菌效果好,同时兼顾缓蚀功能,价格低,绿色环保的新型杀菌剂较少,无法满足目前循环水处理的需要。
发明内容
本发明合成了一种非对称长碳链双季胺盐杀菌剂,因为其独特的分子结构,不仅杀菌效果优异,水溶性及与其他药剂配伍性较好,而且还具有一定的缓蚀作用。
本发明通过如下技术方案予以实现:
一种非对称长碳链双季胺盐杀菌剂,按重量百分比由以下组分组成:十二烷基二甲基叔胺-对甲基N,N-二甲基苯胺乙烯基二氯化铵10-40%,其余为水;
其中十二烷基二甲基叔胺-对甲基N,N-二甲基苯胺乙烯基二氯化铵结构如(I)所示:
本发明提供了一种制备本发明所述的非对称长碳链双季胺盐杀菌剂的制备方法:在室温条件下,将等摩尔比的N,N二甲基十二胺、二氯乙烷、N,N-苄基二甲胺装入高压反应釜,30min内升温至95~105℃,反应50~70min;然后30min内升温至120~140℃,反应3h~5h,降温至室温后,加水搅拌溶解即可。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果:首先,工艺流程简单,合成时间短,极大的降低了合成成本。其次,因反应产物分子的不对称性,其具有两个带正电荷的氮原子,更容易吸附循环水系统中的细菌,同时产物具有高分子量,杀菌效果高效,抑菌时间长,使用安全,对环境友好。再次,研究表明,本产物具有较高的缓蚀效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所合成非对称长碳链双季胺盐杀菌剂十二烷基二甲基叔胺-对甲基N,N-二甲基苯胺乙烯基二氯化铵TS-810产品的红外谱图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例为进一步了解说明本发明的内容。
实施例1十二烷基二甲基叔胺-对甲基N,N-二甲基苯胺乙烯基二氯化铵TS-810的制备
在高压反应釜中,分别加入N,N二甲基十二胺42.6g(0.2mol)、二氯乙烷19.8g(0.2mol)、N,N-苄基二甲胺27.0g(0.2mol),真空反应,30min内升温至100℃,反应60min;然后30min内升温至130℃,反应4h。自然冷却至室温,加水268.2g搅拌溶解,即可得到含量为25%的非对称长碳链双季铵盐杀菌剂产品TS-810。
图1为本发明实施例1所合成非对称长碳链双季胺盐杀菌剂十二烷基二甲基叔胺-对甲基N,N-二甲基苯胺乙烯基二氯化铵TS-810产品的红外谱图。如图1所示,2924.28cm-1出现长碳链吸收峰,1632.13cm-1芳环骨架伸缩C=C伸缩振动、3030.62cm-1-CH3中C-H不对称伸缩振动、2853.85cm-1-CH2-中C-H对称伸缩振动、1484.08cm-1-CH2-中C-H弯曲振动和-CH3中C-H不对称弯曲振动、1378.07cm-1-CH3中C-H弯曲振动吸收峰,728.32cm-1处的C-Cl伸缩振动吸收峰,符合目标产物。
实施例2杀菌性能评价
杀菌剂的性能评价方法采用绝迹稀释法的测试瓶法,参照标准为《杀菌剂性能评价方法》(SY/T 5890-1993),《工业循环冷却水中菌藻的测定方法(GB/T14643.(1,5,6)-2009)》。
硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)菌种为实验室自培养菌种。菌悬液配制方法:实验室培养菌种与某石化厂循环冷却水1∶30稀释,菌药接触时间2h,T=50℃,SRB菌含量为2.5×105个/mL;
异养菌(TGB)和铁细菌(FB)菌种实验室为自培养菌种。菌悬液配制方法:实验室培养菌种与某石化厂循环冷却水1:100稀释,菌药接触时间2h,T=37℃。TGB细菌含量为:2.5×107个/mL,FB细菌含量为:1.0×104个/mL。
将本发明实施例1中的非对称长碳链双季铵盐杀菌剂TS-810杀菌剂与其他药剂进行杀菌性能比较,加药浓度根据各种药剂的价格,按照成本基本一致的原则选取。表1为杀菌测试结果。
表1杀菌性能评价比较
从表1数据可见,本发明所合成的非对称长碳链双季铵盐杀菌剂TS-810,杀菌效果优于戊二醛、1227和异噻唑啉酮;与有机胍杀菌剂杀菌效果接近。
实施例3:缓蚀性能评价
试验用水:某石化厂循环冷却水。分析数据如表2所示:
表2某石化厂循环冷却水水质
电导/(us·cm<sup>-1</sup>) | pH | Cl<sup>-</sup>含量/(mg·L<sup>-1</sup>) | 碱度/(mg·L<sup>-1</sup>) | 钙硬度/(mg·L<sup>-1</sup>) |
1013 | 8.30 | 0.30 | 134.3 | 183.7 |
试验药剂:选择目前市面上常用的杀菌剂戊二醛、1227、异噻唑啉酮、有机胍,均为市售;新合成非对称长碳链双季铵盐杀菌剂TS-810。
试验仪器:旋转挂片腐蚀试验仪,设置水浴锅温度为50℃,旋转速度为0.35m/s;试验所用2升烧杯,加入现场循环水至刻度,每个烧杯中挂3片碳钢;每隔4h向每组烧杯补入循环水至刻度。运行3d后,取出挂片进行处理,测定挂片腐蚀速率。
试验结果见表3。
表3各种杀菌剂对金属腐蚀的试验结果
注:《工业循环水设计规范》,对碳钢腐蚀速率要求小于0.075mm/a
由表可以看出,各类杀菌剂在循环水水质条件下,对碳钢的腐蚀速率,有较大的不同,异噻唑啉酮对碳钢腐蚀最严重,腐蚀速率超出标准,相同水质条件下(循环水)对碳钢的腐蚀速率有较大的不同,异噻唑啉酮对碳钢的腐蚀最严重,腐蚀速率超出标准;有机胍杀菌剂,腐蚀速率与循环水空白相同;其他药剂腐蚀速率均略高于循环水空白,但腐蚀速率未超出标准;加入药剂TS-810的循环水腐蚀速率,低于循环水空白腐蚀速率,说明非对称长碳链双季铵盐杀菌剂产品TS-810有缓蚀效果。
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