CN115073236A - Preparation method and application of dregs of a decoction compound fertilizer for salvia miltiorrhiza planting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a dregs compound fertilizer for salvia miltiorrhiza planting, which adds four microorganisms of bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus stearothermophilus and beer yeast on the basis of a conventional dregs compound fertilizer preparation method as high-quality fermentation bacteria, adopts corncob coarse powder as a dispersing agent, monitors the fermentation temperature by an electronic thermometer in the fermentation process, monitors the fermentation pH value by an electronic pH meter, and adjusts the fermentation temperature and the pH value of a fermentation pile by the aid of a control rod, so that the fermentation time is greatly shortened, and the quality of the dregs compound fertilizer is ensured and improved. On the basis of conventional planting of the salvia miltiorrhiza, the fermented residue fertilizer prepared by the invention is used as a base fertilizer instead of the traditional farmyard manure, so that the purposes of stabilizing yield, increasing yield, and ensuring and improving the quality and commodity grade of the salvia miltiorrhiza are achieved.

Description

Preparation method and application of dregs of a decoction compound fertilizer for salvia miltiorrhiza planting

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine residue treatment and application, in particular to a method for producing an organic compound fertilizer by composting and rapidly fermenting traditional Chinese medicine residues and application thereof in planting of salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal materials.

Background

The traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure of Chinese civilization, and the traditional Chinese medicine is extracted and processed to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine product. With the development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources, especially the progress of modern industrial science and technology, the industrialization and scale degree of traditional Chinese medicine production is continuously deepened, the traditional Chinese medicine industry is developed, and huge economic benefits are generated.

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a labiate medicinal plant, and can be used for preventing and treating various diseases by using roots and rhizomes thereof as medicines. In recent years, the application research of the salvia miltiorrhiza is deeper and deeper, the application of the salvia miltiorrhiza is more and more, the demand is larger and more, the production stimulation is also stimulated to harvest, and the wild resources are seriously damaged by large-batch harvest in successive years, are endangered and extincted, and are mostly cultivated manually at present. However, the salvia miltiorrhiza planted by the traditional root-shoot propagation method has great problems mainly manifested by short growth period, difficult application of additional fertilizer, need of applying sufficient base fertilizer, and the traditional method is applying farmyard manure. However, when the farmyard manure is applied, the problems of more diseases and insect pests, physiological seedling death, seedling withering and the like are easy to occur, and finally, the overground and underground growth quantity is reduced, the number, the diameter and the length of root systems are reduced, the yield is reduced, and the content of effective components is reduced. Therefore, finding a better base fertilizer is a difficult problem to be solved in the aspect of salvia miltiorrhiza planting.

Some researches have been made on preparing fertilizers from the traditional Chinese medicine residues, but most of the researches have many problems. Some natural stacking fermentation is very long in time, and secondary environmental pollution is inevitable. Some natural stacking fermentation has no selection of zymophyte, the effect is very poor and the benefit is lower. Some of the plants need to be turned over repeatedly, so the labor intensity is high, the production cost is high, and no economic benefit exists, so the method cannot be industrially popularized. Especially, the temperature and the pH value in the fermentation process can not be controlled, so that the fermentation is incomplete, the quality of the finally obtained organic fertilizer can not be ensured, and the application range and the application effect of the obtained fertilizer are limited. The prior fermentation methods have the common problems that a large amount of ammonia gas is generated, the whole production environment is smelly, the working environment of operating workers is severe, and the physical and psychological health of the workers is seriously damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a compound fertilizer of dregs of a decoction for planting salvia miltiorrhiza, which changes common dregs of a decoction into valuable, converts the waste into an organic compound fertilizer, solves the problems of environmental protection and treatment of the dregs of a decoction, solves the problem of fertilizer in the aspect of planting salvia miltiorrhiza, and provides a method for reducing cost, reducing pollution and improving economic and social benefits.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is realized as follows:

a preparation method of a decoction dreg compound fertilizer for planting salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a composite bacterial suspension: uniformly mixing four microorganisms of bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus stearothermophilus and beer yeast according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.5: 2 to obtain composite bacteria; wherein the number of bacillus subtilis is 80-120 hundred million/g, the number of aspergillus niger is 45-55 hundred million/g, the number of bacillus stearothermophilus is 45-55 hundred million/g, and the number of microzyme is 80-120 hundred million/g; adding the composite bacteria and water in a mass ratio of 1: 40-60 into cold boiled water at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite bacteria suspension;

(2) preparing a corncob coarse powder dispersing agent: drying the corncobs, and crushing the corncobs by using a crusher to obtain corncob coarse powder with the diameter of 2-4 mm;

(3) preparing composite bacterial powder: spraying the composite bacterial suspension into the corncob coarse powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain composite bacterial powder; wherein, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial suspension to the corncob coarse powder is 1: 25-35;

(4) adding composite bacteria powder: stacking the residue in a fermentation tank, allowing water in the residue to naturally flow out, keeping the residue relatively wet, spraying composite bacterial powder with a powder sprayer when the temperature of the residue is reduced to 40-50 deg.C, stirring the residue while spraying, and mixing the composite bacterial powder and the residue; the medicine residue is calculated by the material quantity of the dry medicine, and the mass ratio of the compound bacterial powder to the dry medicine is 100: 4.5-5.5;

(5) manufacturing a control rod: taking a hollow stainless steel pipe with the diameter of 3-6 cm, wherein the length of the pipe is 130-150 cm, ventilating round holes with the diameter of 6-15 mm are uniformly distributed on the pipe wall, the distance between the holes is 5-10 cm, 3-4 rows of the round holes are longitudinally and uniformly distributed on the pipe wall, one end of the hollow stainless steel pipe is sealed, the other end of the hollow stainless steel pipe is reserved with a pipe orifice, and a movable plastic cover capable of tightly covering the pipe orifice is additionally arranged on the pipe orifice;

(6) treating the fermented dreg pile: stacking the dregs mixed with the composite bacterial powder into a fermentation dregs stack with the height of 80-100 cm, the length of 100-300 cm and the width of 100-300 cm, embedding a probe of an electronic pH meter into the middle position of the fermentation dregs stack, embedding a probe of an electronic thermometer into the middle position of the fermentation dregs stack, obliquely inserting control rods into the fermentation dregs stack at an angle of 15-55 degrees with the ground, wherein the sealing end is downward, one end with a plastic cover is upward and exposed out of the fermentation dregs stack, the distance between every two adjacent control rods is 20-30 cm, uniformly and obliquely inserting 30-100 control rods into each fermentation dregs stack, covering and sealing the fermentation dregs stack by using a plastic film, only exposing the upper ends of the control rods out of the plastic film, and tightly covering the plastic covers the upper ends of the control rods;

(7) temperature monitoring: monitoring the temperature in the fermented dreg pile by using an electronic thermometer in the natural fermentation process, and keeping the temperature between 40 and 65 ℃; when the temperature in the fermentation dreg pile is higher than 65 ℃, a plastic cover on the control rod is opened to lower the temperature, and when the temperature in the fermentation dreg pile is lower than 40 ℃, the plastic cover on the control rod is covered to raise the temperature;

(8) monitoring the pH value: monitoring the pH value in the fermentation dreg pile by using an electronic pH meter in the natural fermentation process, opening a plastic cover on a control rod when the pH value in the fermentation dreg pile exceeds 8, adding dilute phosphoric acid with the concentration of 0.1-0.3mol/l from a pipe orifice of the control rod, and uniformly adding until the pH value is less than 5.5;

(9) and (3) completing fermentation: and (3) keeping the fermentation residue pile for natural fermentation, fermenting for 13-17 days in summer and fermenting for 18-22 days in winter, finishing the fermentation when the temperature in the fermentation residue pile is lower than 40 ℃, removing the electronic thermometer, the electronic pH meter and the control rod, scattering the residues, spreading, airing, and collecting and bagging when the water content is 15-20% to obtain the salvia miltiorrhiza planting residue compound fertilizer.

The traditional Chinese medicine preparation dregs selected by the invention are the dregs left after the decoction of the common traditional Chinese medicine preparation. The residue of the Chinese medicinal preparation is preferably one or more of residue of granule of radix scrophulariae, radix Ophiopogonis, and fructus Citri Tangerinae, granule of radix Isatidis, and residue of granule of compound radix Isatidis. The decoction dregs obtained after decoction are substances of which partial components are extracted at high temperature, and contain a large amount of nutrient components such as crude fiber, crude fat, starch, crude protein, mineral substances and the like.

In the step (1), the preferred bacillus subtilis strain number is 100 hundred million/g, the Aspergillus niger strain number is 50 hundred million/g, the Bacillus stearothermophilus strain number is 50 hundred million/g, and the yeast strain number is 100 hundred million/g.

In the step (1), the composite bacteria and water are preferably added into the cold boiled water at a temperature of about 30 ℃ in a mass ratio of 1: 50.

Wherein, the corncob coarse powder with the diameter of 2 mm is preferably selected in the step (2).

The preferable mass ratio of the composite bacterial suspension to the corncob meal in the step (3) is 1: 30.

In the step (4), the mass ratio of the compound bacterial powder to the dry medicinal materials is preferably 100: 5.

Preferably, the step (5) is to select a hollow stainless steel tube with the diameter of 5cm and the length of 150 cm, wherein the wall of the tube is uniformly distributed with air-permeable round holes with the diameter of 8 mm, the distance between the holes is 8cm, and the round holes are longitudinally and uniformly distributed on the tube in 4 rows.

Preferably, in the step (6), the control rods are obliquely inserted into the fermentation residue pile at an angle of 35 degrees with the ground, the sealing end is downward, one end with a plastic cover is upward and exposed outside the fermentation residue pile, the distance between every two adjacent control rods is 30cm, and 50 control rods are uniformly and obliquely inserted into each fermentation residue pile.

In the step (8), the concentration of dilute phosphoric acid is preferably 0.2 mol/l.

The invention provides a preparation method of a medicine residue compound fertilizer for salvia miltiorrhiza planting, and the purpose of the prepared medicine residue compound fertilizer for salvia miltiorrhiza planting is to plant salvia miltiorrhiza.

The use method of the prepared dregs compound fertilizer for salvia miltiorrhiza planting comprises the following steps: selecting sandy soil which is not planted with the salvia miltiorrhiza in the first year, has deep soil layer, good drainage and medium fertility, picking up weeds, stones and other impurities, taking a salvia miltiorrhiza planting dregs compound fertilizer, uniformly spreading the compound fertilizer on the soil surface according to the amount of 800 plus materials per mu, applying the conventionally applied fertilizers together, then deeply ploughing and preparing soil, deeply turning the applied fertilizers into the soil, uniformly mixing, finely raking, selecting annual robust seed roots which are straight in root strips, purplish red in color, uniform in size, free of deformity, free of breakage, healthy and free of plant diseases and insect pests and have the diameter of 7-10mm according to the conventional salvia miltiorrhiza planting method, and planting, and meanwhile, well managing the field.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a method for treating Xuanmai Ganju granular dregs and similar traditional Chinese medicine dregs mainly prepared from rhizome medicinal materials, which solves the treatment problem of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs, saves the treatment cost, prevents the environmental pollution and achieves the aim of comprehensively utilizing resources.

The conventional herb residue fermentation generally needs 2 months in summer and 3 months in winter, and the time is too long. The method for treating the medicine dregs solves the problems of natural stacking and fermentation, long time and difficult occurrence of secondary environmental pollution in the conventional similar method for treating the medicine dregs. By selecting proper composite zymophyte, the problems of natural stacking fermentation, no selection of zymophyte, poor effect and low benefit are solved. By additionally arranging the control pipe, the problems that the pile must be repeatedly turned for cooling and ventilating, the labor intensity is high, the production cost is high, no economic benefit exists, and the industrial production and popularization are difficult are solved. The temperature and the pH value in the fermentation process are controlled, so that the fermentation is complete, and the quality of the obtained organic fertilizer product is ensured. In the preparation process, phosphoric acid is added, so that the pH value is adjusted, and the quality of the final product is ensured. The corncob powder is used as a dispersing agent, so that the composite zymophyte and the medicine dregs are mixed more uniformly, the fermentation degree of each part in a fermentation pile is kept consistent in the fermentation process, and the quality of the final fermented fertilizer can be better ensured. The corncob powder is added in a proper amount, so that the dregs mainly containing the rhizome medicinal materials are not hardened too much in the fermentation process, the permeability is improved, and the functions of controlling the temperature and ventilating the control tube are better exerted. The corn cob powder is added in a proper amount, so that the component structure of the dreg fermented fertilizer mainly prepared from rhizome medicinal materials is improved, part of crude fiber is increased, and the quality of a final product is further improved. According to the method for treating the medicine dregs, the phosphoric acid is added through the control pipe when the pH value is higher, so that the problems that a large amount of ammonia gas is generated in the prior method, the whole production environment is smelly, and the working environment of an operator is very bad are solved, the environment is protected, and the physical and mental health of the operator is protected.

After the dregs of a decoction compound fertilizer for planting salvia miltiorrhiza is used, the problem of sufficient base fertilizer application of salvia miltiorrhiza is solved, the problems of easy occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, physiological seedling death, seedling withering and the like in farmyard manure application are solved, and finally the appearance of salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal materials is improved, the yield is improved, the content of active ingredients is improved, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are improved. The planting of other rhizome medicinal materials, such as white paeony root, figwort root, platycodon root and the like, has good effect when the decoction dreg compound fertilizer is used.

Detailed Description

Example 1

(1) Preparing a composite bacterial suspension: mixing four microorganisms of bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus stearothermophilus and beer yeast according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.5: 2; wherein the number of bacillus subtilis is 100 hundred million/g, the number of aspergillus niger is 50 hundred million/g, the number of bacillus stearothermophilus is 50 hundred million/g, and the number of yeast is 100 hundred million/g; adding cold boiled water at 25 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 1: 50, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite bacterial suspension;

(2) preparing a corncob coarse powder dispersing agent: drying the corncobs, and crushing the corncobs by using a crusher to obtain corncob coarse powder with the diameter of 2 mm;

(3) preparing composite bacterial powder: uniformly spraying the composite bacterial suspension into the corncob coarse powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain composite bacterial powder, wherein the mass ratio of the composite bacterial suspension to the corncob coarse powder is 1: 30;

(4) adding composite bacterial powder: stacking the decocted and extracted residues in a fermentation tank, allowing water in the residues to naturally flow out, keeping the residues relatively wet, spraying the compound bacteria powder by a powder sprayer when the temperature of the residues is reduced to 50 ℃, turning over the residues while spraying, and uniformly mixing the compound bacteria powder and the residues; the medicine residue is calculated according to the material quantity of the dry medicine, and the mass ratio of the compound bacterial powder to the dry medicine is 100: 6;

(5) manufacturing a control rod: taking a hollow stainless steel tube with the diameter of 5cm, wherein the length of the tube is 150 cm, ventilating round holes with the diameter of 10mm are uniformly distributed on the tube wall, the distance between the holes is 10 cm, 3 rows of the round holes are longitudinally and uniformly distributed on the tube wall, one end of the hollow stainless steel tube is sealed, the other end of the hollow stainless steel tube is provided with a tube orifice, and a movable plastic cover capable of tightly covering the tube orifice is additionally arranged;

(6) treating the fermented dreg pile: stacking the dregs of a decoction, which are uniformly mixed with the composite bacterial powder, into a fermentation dreg stack with the height of 100 cm, the length of 200 cm and the width of 200 cm, embedding a probe of an electronic pH meter into the middle position of the fermentation dreg stack, embedding a probe of an electronic thermometer into the middle position of the fermentation dreg stack, inserting control rods into the fermentation dreg stack obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees with the ground, wherein the sealing end is downward, one end with a plastic cover is upward and exposed out of the fermentation dreg stack, the distance between every two adjacent control rods is 30cm, uniformly and obliquely inserting 40 control rods into each fermentation dreg stack, covering and sealing the fermentation dreg stack by using a plastic film, only exposing the upper ends of the control rods out of the plastic film, and tightly covering the plastic covers the upper ends of the control rods;

(7) temperature monitoring: and in the natural fermentation process, an electronic thermometer is used for monitoring the temperature in the fermentation dreg stack to keep the temperature between 40 ℃ and 65 ℃, when the temperature in the fermentation dreg stack is higher than 65 ℃, a plastic cover on the control rod is opened to reduce the temperature, and when the temperature in the fermentation dreg stack is lower than 50 ℃, the plastic cover on the control rod is covered to increase the temperature.

(8) Monitoring the pH value: monitoring the pH value in the fermentation dreg pile by using an electronic pH meter in the natural fermentation process, opening a plastic cover on a control rod when the pH value in the fermentation dreg pile exceeds 8, adding dilute phosphoric acid with the concentration of 0.2mol/l from a pipe orifice of the control rod, and uniformly adding until the pH value is less than 5.5;

(9) and (3) completing fermentation: and (3) keeping the fermented medicine residue pile for natural fermentation, fermenting until the 19 th day, wherein the temperature in the fermented medicine residue pile is lower than 40 ℃, respectively taking 1 sample and 4 samples at the positions 40cm away from the angle on two diagonal lines of the fermented pile, then removing an electronic thermometer, an electronic pH meter and a control rod, scattering medicine residues, spreading, airing, and when the water content is 15-20%, gathering and bagging to obtain the medicine residue compound fertilizer for planting the salvia miltiorrhiza bunge.

Example 1 was sampled in 4 portions, and examples 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d were numbered, respectively.

Comparative example 1

The preparation method of comparative example 1 is compared with example 1, with the difference that: comparative example 1 did not employ the operations of step (1) and step (3) in example 1; preparing the corncob coarse powder dispersing agent in the step (2) by directly adding the cool boiled water into the corncob coarse powder; and (4) directly adding the corncob coarse powder slurry which does not contain the composite bacterial suspension. The operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except for the above differences. The essential difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the composite bacteria dedicated to the present invention are not used in the comparative example 1.

As a result: comparative example 1 fermentation was completed until day 41, at a temperature below 40 c.

And (4) conclusion: the composite bacteria of the invention can shorten the fermentation time, shorten the production period, improve the production efficiency and reduce the production cost.

Comparative example 2

The preparation of comparative example 2 is compared with example 1, with the difference that: comparative example 2 the operations of step (2) and step (3) in example 1 were not employed; and (4) adding the composite bacterial suspension prepared in the step (1) in the adding operation of the composite bacterial powder, and spraying the composite bacterial suspension by using a sprayer. The operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except for the above differences. Comparative example 2 is substantially different from example 1 in that comparative example 2 does not employ the corncob meal dispersing agent used in the present invention.

As a result: comparative example 2 fermentation to day 20, temperature was below 40 ℃, fermentation was substantially complete.

On two diagonal lines of the fermentation pile, 1 sample is respectively taken at a distance of 40cm from the corner, 4 samples are totally taken, each sample is respectively visually inspected, then the samples are respectively uniformly mixed, crushed into coarse powder and then visually inspected.

Comparative example 2 was sampled at 4 parts, and comparative example 2a, comparative example 2b, comparative example 2c, and comparative example 2d were numbered, respectively.

Table 1 example 1 and comparative example 2 were sampled for comparison

And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the table 1, the comparative example 2 does not use the corncob coarse powder dispersing agent to further disperse the fermentation complex bacteria, which causes inconsistent fermentation conditions at different parts, and the sampling result shows that the corncob coarse powder dispersing agent is used, so that the quality of the final product can be better ensured.

Comparative example 3

The preparation of comparative example 3 is compared with example 1, with the difference that: comparative example 3 the operation of step (5) in example 1 was not employed, the operation of step (6) for treating the fermented residue mass was not inserted with a control lever, the operation of adjusting the temperature by opening and closing the plastic lid in step (7) for temperature monitoring was not employed, and the operation of step (8) for adding dilute phosphoric acid through the control lever was not employed. The operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except for the above differences. The essential difference between comparative example 3 and example 1 is that comparative example 3 does not use a control lever used in the present invention, and accordingly does not have the operation of adjusting temperature and adjusting pH in relation to the control lever.

As a result: during the fermentation, from about day 14 onwards, comparative example 3 produced a more pungent ammonia taste, which was more noticeable after several days, with an emission of off-flavor. Comparative example 3 fermentation was completed until day 25, at a temperature below 40 ℃, and fermentation was substantially complete.

On each diagonal of the fermentation pile, 1 sample was taken at a distance of 40cm from the corner, for a total of 4 samples. Each sample is visually inspected respectively, then is uniformly mixed, is crushed into coarse powder, is compared with the smell, and is visually inspected by detection.

Comparative example 3 was sampled at 4 parts, and comparative example 3a, comparative example 3b, comparative example 3c, and comparative example 3d were numbered, respectively.

Table 2 comparative sampling of example 1 and comparative example 3

And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from table 2, comparative example 3 does not use a control lever, and accordingly does not have operations for adjusting temperature and adjusting pH in association with the control lever. As a result, comparative example 3 produced a more pungent ammonia smell not only during the fermentation process but also emitted an offensive odor, the production period was significantly lengthened, the working environment of the operators was deteriorated, the production cost was increased, and the quality of the final product differed greatly. Comparative example 3 compared to example 1, the organic matter mass fraction (on an as-dried basis) was 16.1% lower, the nitrogen (N) mass fraction (on an as-dried basis) was 13.8% lower, and phosphorus (P) was 13.8% lower ₂ N ₅ ) The mass fraction (based on the oven dry basis) was 64.4% lower.

Comparative example 4

And (3) planting the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material, wherein the residue compound fertilizer and the common farmyard manure for planting the salvia miltiorrhiza prepared in the above example 1, the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3 are selected as base fertilizers.

In the national GAP planting demonstration base of the salvia miltiorrhiza, GAP, of the Wufeng Zhengwang family village, Wenchun from Zhongjiang county, Sichuan province, of the limited pharmaceutical company, 1 mu of dry soil which is smooth and suitable for planting sandy soil and not planted with the salvia miltiorrhiza in the first year is selected, soil is prepared, three ditches are opened, the width of each ditch is 30cm, the depth of each ditch is 25-30 cm, and sundries such as weeds, stones and the like are removed. Dividing into 5 parts, numbering 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and respectively applying base fertilizers according to the following different base fertilizer types:

1. the dregs of a decoction fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is applied to the No. 1 land.

2. And applying traditional farmyard manure to the No. 2 land.

3. And applying the pesticide residue fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 1 to the No. 3 land.

4. And applying the medicine residue fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 2 to the No. 4 land parcels.

5. And 5, applying the dreg fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 3 to the land.

Correspondingly spreading the base fertilizer 200kg on each land, deeply ploughing into soil with the ploughing depth of 30-40 cm, uniformly mixing, finely preparing and harrowing; ridging, wherein the ridge spacing is 80-120 cm, the ridge surface width is 50-90 cm, the ridge height is 30-35 cm, the inter-ridge trench width is 30-40 cm, and the ridges are required to be straight and flat; and (3) mulching and pit prying, namely stretching and paving the mulching film, covering the mulching film close to the ridge surface, compacting and sealing the periphery of the film by using soil, forming pits in a T shape by using blunt prys or connecting bars, staggering pits on each ridge for two rows or three rows, wherein the row spacing is 25-28 cm, the pit spacing is 25-28 cm, and the pit depth is 3-6 cm.

Then planting, selecting annual healthy and strong seed roots with straight root strips, purplish red color, uniform size, no deformity, no fracture, health and no plant diseases and insect pests and 7-10mm diameter, cutting the root strips into root segments with the length of 2.0-2.5 cm, inserting the root segments into soil in a pit according to the upper end and the lower end, covering fine soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm, compacting, and watering root water in time by using mixed liquid of excrement and water with the ratio of 1: 5.

And performing field management and pest control later, wherein the management mode of each plot is completely the same, and the method is the conventional production and planting method.

Timely topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 2 times during the growth period, wherein the first time is from 7 to 8 days before the month, 1000-1500 kg of clear liquid dung is applied to each mu, and the second time is from 8 to 9 days before the month, 1500-2000 kg of liquid dung is applied to each mu, and the manure is applied in a nest;

irrigation and drainage of waterlogging: if drought occurs in the early growth stage, irrigation and drought resistance are timely adopted in a ditch irrigation mode, the soil is easy to be over wet by rainstorm and autumn rain to cause root rot and seedling death, and a deep ditch is required to be opened for water drainage and waterlogging prevention;

removing flower sprouts: removing flower moss in time and not damaging leaves in the early 4-month ten-day period of the red sage root;

artificial weeding: during the growth period of the salvia miltiorrhiza, if weeds are more, the salvia miltiorrhiza can be artificially weeded for 2-3 times, and a field garden is cleaned;

and (3) pest control:

the salvia miltiorrhiza can be subjected to pest and disease damage in the growing period, and the control is carried out according to specific conditions:

the control method of the root rot comprises the following steps: performing paddy-upland rotation or spraying with 800-time dilution of 50% thiophanate;

the method for preventing and treating the sclerotinia sclerotiorum comprises the following steps: spraying with jinggangmycin and carbendazim mixture at early stage of disease onset; or spraying or pouring with 1000 times of 50% Like bacteria diluent;

a method for controlling leaf spot; the ditching and the drainage are carried out, so that the field humidity is reduced; stripping off the diseased old leaves from the stems to facilitate ventilation and reduce the sources of diseases; spraying Bordeaux mixture before and after disease attack;

the method for preventing and treating the agrotis ypsilon comprises the following steps: 100 g of 90 percent trichlorfon can be mixed with 5 kg of fried tea seed cakes as poison bait, and the mixture is scattered into the field for trapping and killing;

the method for controlling the silver moths comprises the following steps: spraying with 1000-fold diluent of 90% crystal trichlorfon, 250-fold diluent of 25% dithiazole emulsion, or 300-350-fold diluent of 25% acetamiprid aqua.

And collecting and digging the salvia miltiorrhiza in sunny days after 12 and 20 days at the end of the year. And selecting continuous 10 plants in the middle of each plot for digging, collecting 10 red sage roots of each dug plot respectively, cutting off root strips, and performing visual comparison, weight weighing and content detection. The results are as follows:

TABLE 3 statistics of 10 related indexes of Salvia miltiorrhiza planted with different base fertilizers

And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from Table 3, the yield of the fertilizer applied with the dregs of a decoction is higher than that of the land No. 2 using the traditional farmyard manure, and the highest yield is 55.3% higher than the lowest yield.

From the appearance, the No. 1 plot is applied with the dreg fermented fertilizer of the embodiment 1, the appearance is the best, and the No. 2 plot is applied with the traditional farmyard manure, so that the root strips of the salvia miltiorrhiza are bent and deformed due to more plant diseases and insect pests, the outer skins of the salvia miltiorrhiza are damaged more, and the color is darker; no. 4 plots are prepared by applying the dreg fermented fertilizer of the comparative example 2, and the corncob powder is not used, so that the soil is hardened, the root strips of the salvia miltiorrhiza are bent and deformed, and the skin is damaged more.

From the content of the water-soluble extract and the content of the salvianolic acid B, the two conditions are almost the same, the content of the water-soluble extract and the content of the salvianolic acid B are the highest when the residue fermented fertilizer of the embodiment 1 is applied to the No. 1 land parcel, wherein the highest ratio of the water-soluble extract to the lowest ratio is 21.55 percent; the highest content of salvianolic acid B is 72.1 percent higher than the lowest content.

From the total tanshinone content, the content of several plots is almost the same. The main reason is that the tanshinone ingredients are mainly distributed on the epidermis of the salvia miltiorrhiza, the traditional farmyard manure is applied to the No. 2 plot, the dregs of a decoction fermentation fertilizer in the comparative example 3 is applied to the No. 5 plot, the roots grow to be fine, the specific surface area is large, the content of the dregs of a decoction fermentation fertilizer is relatively improved, and as a result, the content of a plurality of plots is almost the same.

In general, the application of the dreg fermented fertilizer in the salvia miltiorrhiza planted in 5 plots has the advantages of best effect, high yield, good appearance and high commodity grade. The residue fermented fertilizer of example 1 was applied to 4 plots, and the effect was the best, the yield was high, the appearance was good, and the commercial grade was high.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a dregs of a decoction compound fertilizer for planting salvia miltiorrhiza is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a composite bacterial suspension: uniformly mixing four microorganisms of bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus stearothermophilus and beer yeast according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.5: 2 to obtain composite bacteria; wherein the number of the bacillus subtilis is 80-120 hundred million/g, the number of the aspergillus niger is 45-55 hundred million/g, the number of the bacillus stearothermophilus is 45-55 hundred million/g, and the number of the yeast is 80-120 hundred million/g; adding the composite bacteria and water in a mass ratio of 1: 40-60 into cold boiled water at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite bacteria suspension;

(2) preparing a corncob coarse powder dispersing agent: drying the corncobs, and crushing the corncobs by a crusher to obtain corncob coarse powder with the diameter of 2-4 mm;

(3) preparing composite bacterial powder: spraying the composite bacterial suspension prepared in the step (1) into corncob coarse powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain composite bacterial powder; wherein, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial suspension to the corncob coarse powder is 1: 25-35;

(4) adding composite bacterial powder: stacking the decocted and extracted traditional Chinese medicine preparation dregs in a fermentation tank, allowing water in the dregs to naturally flow out, keeping the dregs relatively wet, spraying the compound bacteria powder by a powder sprayer when the temperature of the dregs is reduced to 40-50 ℃, turning over the dregs while spraying, and uniformly mixing the compound bacteria powder and the dregs; the medicine residue is calculated by the material quantity of the dry medicine, and the mass ratio of the compound bacterial powder to the dry medicine is 100: 4.5-5.5;

(5) manufacturing a control rod: taking a hollow stainless steel pipe with the diameter of 3-6 cm, wherein the length of the pipe is 130-150 cm, ventilating round holes with the diameter of 6-15 mm are uniformly distributed on the pipe wall, the distance between the holes is 5-10 cm, 3-4 rows of the round holes are longitudinally and uniformly distributed on the pipe wall, one end of the hollow stainless steel pipe is sealed, the other end of the hollow stainless steel pipe is reserved with a pipe orifice, and a movable plastic cover capable of tightly covering the pipe orifice is additionally arranged on the pipe orifice;

(6) treating the fermented dreg pile: stacking the dregs mixed with the composite bacterial powder into a fermentation dregs stack with the height of 80-100 cm, the length of 100-300 cm and the width of 100-300 cm, embedding a probe of an electronic pH meter into the middle position of the fermentation dregs stack, embedding a probe of an electronic thermometer into the middle position of the fermentation dregs stack, obliquely inserting the control rods into the fermentation dregs stack at an angle of 15-55 degrees with the ground, with the sealing end downward, one end with a plastic cover upward and exposed outside the fermentation dregs stack, and the distance between adjacent control rods is 20-30 cm, uniformly and obliquely inserting 30-100 control rods into each fermentation dregs stack, covering and sealing the fermentation dregs stack by using a plastic film, only exposing the upper ends of the control rods outside the plastic film, and tightly covering the plastic covers the upper ends of the control rods;

(7) temperature monitoring: monitoring the temperature in the fermented dreg pile by using an electronic thermometer in the natural fermentation process, and keeping the temperature between 40 and 65 ℃; when the temperature in the fermentation dreg pile is higher than 65 ℃, a plastic cover on the control rod is opened to lower the temperature, and when the temperature in the fermentation dreg pile is lower than 40 ℃, the plastic cover on the control rod is covered to raise the temperature;

(8) monitoring the pH value: monitoring the pH value in the fermentation dreg pile by using an electronic pH meter in the natural fermentation process, opening a plastic cover on a control rod when the pH value in the fermentation dreg pile exceeds 8, adding dilute phosphoric acid with the concentration of 0.1-0.3mol/l from a pipe orifice of the control rod, and uniformly adding until the pH value is less than 5.5;

(9) and (3) completing fermentation: and (3) keeping the fermentation residue pile for natural fermentation, fermenting for 13-17 days in summer and fermenting for 18-22 days in winter, finishing the fermentation when the temperature in the fermentation residue pile is lower than 40 ℃, removing the electronic thermometer, the electronic pH meter and the control rod, scattering the residues, spreading, airing, and collecting and bagging when the water content is 15-20% to obtain the salvia miltiorrhiza planting residue compound fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing the salvia miltiorrhiza residue compound fertilizer for planting according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the residue is one or more of granule residue of rhizoma corydalis, radix Isatidis granule residue, and compound radix Isatidis granule residue.

3. The method for preparing the salvia miltiorrhiza residue compound fertilizer for planting according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the number of the bacillus subtilis in the step (1) is 100 hundred million/g, the number of the aspergillus niger is 50 hundred million/g, the number of the bacillus stearothermophilus is 50 hundred million/g, and the number of the yeast is 100 hundred million/g.

4. The method for preparing the salvia miltiorrhiza residue compound fertilizer for planting according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding the composite bacteria and water in the step (1) according to the mass ratio of 1: 50 into the cold boiled water at the temperature of 30 ℃.

5. The method for preparing the salvia miltiorrhiza residue compound fertilizer for planting according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of the composite bacterial suspension to the corncob coarse powder in the step (3) is 1: 30.

6. The method for preparing the salvia miltiorrhiza residue compound fertilizer for planting according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of the compound bacterial powder in the step (4) to the dry medicinal materials is 100: 5.

7. The method for preparing the salvia miltiorrhiza residue compound fertilizer for planting according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) obliquely inserting the control rods into the fermentation residue pile at an angle of 35 degrees with the ground, sealing the end downwards, upwards exposing one end with a plastic cover outside the fermentation residue pile, wherein the distance between every two adjacent control rods is 30cm, and uniformly and obliquely inserting 50 control rods into each fermentation residue pile.

8. The method for preparing the salvia miltiorrhiza residue compound fertilizer for planting according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the concentration of the dilute phosphoric acid in the step (8) is 0.2 mol/l.

9. The method for preparing the salvia miltiorrhiza residue compound fertilizer for planting according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the prepared medicinal residue compound fertilizer for planting the salvia miltiorrhiza is used for planting the salvia miltiorrhiza.

10. The method for preparing the salvia miltiorrhiza residue compound fertilizer for planting according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the application method of the dregs of a decoction compound fertilizer for planting the salvia miltiorrhiza is characterized by selecting sandy soil which is not planted with the salvia miltiorrhiza for the first year, has deep soil layer, good drainage and medium fertility, removing impurities such as weeds, stones and the like, taking the dregs of a decoction compound fertilizer for planting the salvia miltiorrhiza, uniformly scattering the dregs of a decoction compound fertilizer on the soil surface according to the amount of 800 kilograms per mu, applying the conventionally applied fertilizers together, then deeply ploughing and preparing the soil, deeply turning the applied fertilizers into the soil, uniformly mixing, finely harrowing, and selecting annual robust daughter roots with straight roots, purple color, uniform size, no deformity, no fracture, no diseases and insect pests, and 7-10mm in diameter for planting according to the conventional method for planting the salvia miltiorrhiza and simultaneously carrying out field management.