CN115067177A - Total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115067177A
CN115067177A CN202210676609.5A CN202210676609A CN115067177A CN 115067177 A CN115067177 A CN 115067177A CN 202210676609 A CN202210676609 A CN 202210676609A CN 115067177 A CN115067177 A CN 115067177A
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parts
fertilizer
organic
weight
roses
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Inventor
武军
李彦超
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Qijiu Horticultural Technology Beijing Co ltd
Zhongnongshichuang Beijing Environmental Engineering Technology Co ltd
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Qijiu Horticultural Technology Beijing Co ltd
Zhongnongshichuang Beijing Environmental Engineering Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210676609.5A priority Critical patent/CN115067177A/en
Publication of CN115067177A publication Critical patent/CN115067177A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of plant cultivation and comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20% of an organic substrate, 15-25% of an inorganic fertilizer and 55-75% of organic wastes, wherein the organic substrate comprises crop straws, mushroom residues, grass peat, sawdust, tree barks and livestock and poultry manure, the inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, and the organic wastes comprise agricultural wastes, plant extraction residues, green plant trimmings and kitchen wastes; the substrate is obtained by fully mixing and fermenting the organic substrate and various organic wastes, can realize full-effect harmless resource treatment of the organic wastes, accords with the implementation of an environment-friendly concept, can meet the requirement of agricultural green development, and can further reduce the production cost.

Description

Total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Soilless culture refers to a culture method in which water, grass carbon or forest leaf mold, vermiculite and other media are used as substrates for fixing plants, and the plant roots can directly contact with nutrient solution. The nutrient solution in the soilless culture has the advantages of easy control of the components, capability of being adjusted at any time, water saving, fertilizer saving, high yield, cleanness, sanitation, no pollution, avoidance of continuous cropping obstacles and the like, and can be used for cultivating flowers, medicinal plants and the like. The soilless culture is characterized in that the artificially created root growth environment of the crops replaces the soil environment, the requirements of the crops on the conditions of nutrients, moisture, air and the like can be met, and the conditions are controlled and adjusted to promote the crops to grow better and obtain better nutrition and growth balance in reproductive growth. Therefore, the crops cultivated without soil usually grow well, the yield is high, and the quality is superior.
After the cultivation medium is used for one crop, most of the medium is disposable due to the change of nutrients and organic matter composition and physical structure, continuous cropping obstacles and the like, the medium cannot be continuously utilized, the production cost of medium cultivation is high, the popularization and application of the medium cultivation technology are seriously influenced, and the medium has greater limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses, the substrate in the scheme is obtained by fully mixing and fermenting organic substrates and various organic wastes, the total-effect harmless resource treatment of the organic wastes can be realized, the implementation of an environment-friendly concept is met, the green development requirement of agriculture can be met, and the production cost can be further reduced.
Another object of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20% of organic matrix, 15-25% of inorganic fertilizer and 55-75% of organic waste.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the organic substrate comprises 10-15 parts of crop straws, 10-15 parts of mushroom residues, 10-15 parts of turf, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of bark and 25-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure by weight.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, and the weight parts of the inorganic fertilizer comprise 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of lime.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the organic waste comprises 20-25 parts by weight of agricultural waste, 20-25 parts by weight of plant extraction residues, 25-40 parts by weight of green plant trimmings and 20-25 parts by weight of kitchen waste.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10% of organic matrix, 15% of inorganic fertilizer and 75% of various organic wastes.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20% of organic matrix, 25% of inorganic fertilizer and 55% of various organic wastes.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15% of organic matrix, 20% of inorganic fertilizer and 65% of various organic wastes.
A preparation method of a total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing an organic matrix: preparing 12.5 parts of crop straws, 12.5 parts of mushroom residues, 12.5 parts of grass peat, 12.5 parts of sawdust, 12.5 parts of barks and 37.5 parts of livestock and poultry manure according to the mixture ratio;
s2, fermentation: injecting water into the organic matrix prepared in the step S1, controlling the water content in the organic matrix to be 30%, manually stirring and mixing the organic matrix, placing the organic matrix in a preset rectangular groove after mixing, and fermenting to obtain the organic matrix;
s3, preparing an inorganic fertilizer: preparing 12.5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12.5 parts of urea, 12.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 12.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 12.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 12.5 parts of plant ash and 12.5 parts of lime according to the proportion, and fully stirring and mixing;
s4, preparing organic waste: preparing 22.5 parts of agricultural wastes, 22.5 parts of plant extraction residues, 22.5 parts of green plant trimmings and 22.5 parts of kitchen waste according to a ratio, manually stirring and mixing the materials, and fermenting the mixture after mixing is completed to obtain a mixture;
s5, covering: covering the organic fertilizer which is stirred and mixed in the S3 and the mixture which is fermented in the S4 on the organic substrate which is fermented in the S2;
s6, disinfection: sterilizing the substrate completed in S5 with high-temperature steam;
s7, sowing: the rose seeds were placed on the sterilized S6.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation temperature in S2 and S4 are both 80 ℃ and the duration is 30 days.
The application of a full-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses in rose culture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the scheme is obtained by fully mixing and fermenting the organic substrate and various organic wastes, can realize full-effect harmless recycling treatment of the organic wastes, accords with the implementation of an environment-friendly concept, can meet the requirement of green development of agriculture, and can further reduce the production cost.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10% of organic matrix, 15% of inorganic fertilizer and 75% of various organic wastes.
The organic substrate comprises 10 parts of crop straws, 10 parts of mushroom residues, 10 parts of turf, 10 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of bark and 50 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises 10 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts by weight of urea, 15 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate, 15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 15 parts by weight of plant ash and 15 parts by weight of lime, wherein the ammonium bicarbonate: the fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer due to weak acid reaction, can meet the planting requirement, and has quick response and strong practicability; urea: the fertilizer efficiency is long, the urea is in a neutral reaction, and the fertilizer is suitable for various soils and can ensure the actual use effect; ammonium sulfate: the fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water, quick in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to plant and strong in practicability, and has a weak acid reaction; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: slightly alkaline, slow fertilizer effect and long after-effect. If the organic acid fertilizer is used for preparing compost with crop straws, garbage, animal manure and the like, organic acid can be generated in the fermentation and decomposition process to increase the fertilizer efficiency, the organic acid fertilizer is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, is suitable for acidic or slightly acidic soil, can supplement the deficiency of calcium and magnesium microelements in the soil, and can ensure the actual planting effect; potassium sulfate: the fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer and also can be used as a top dressing, the fertilizer is suitable for ditching and deep application, the effect is quick when the fertilizer is close to a hairy root layer, the fertilizer is neutral, moisture absorption and caking are not easy to occur, the fertilizer can be applied to common soil, and the fertilizer requirement of planting can be met; plant ash: is residue after plant combustion, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, and can be used as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer; lime: the fertilizer is alkaline, after being applied, the fertilizer not only increases calcium fertilizer in soil and improves soil structure, but also neutralizes soil acidity, and when composting is carried out, a small amount of lime is added, so that the decomposition can be accelerated.
The organic waste comprises 20 parts of agricultural waste, 20 parts of plant extraction residues, 40 parts of green plant trimmings and 20 parts of kitchen waste by weight, the waste can be fully utilized, the utilization degree of resources is high, the implementation of an environment-friendly concept is met, the requirement of agricultural green development can be met, the production and processing cost can be further reduced, the practicability is high, the use effect is good, and the popularization and the utilization are facilitated.
Example 2:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10% of organic matrix, 15% of inorganic fertilizer and 75% of various organic wastes.
Wherein the organic substrate comprises 15 parts of crop straws, 15 parts of mushroom residues, 15 parts of turf, 15 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of bark and 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, wherein the weight parts of the substances are 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of lime, and the weight parts of the substances are as follows: the fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer due to weak acid reaction, can meet the planting requirement, and has quick response and strong practicability; urea: the fertilizer efficiency is long, the urea is in a neutral reaction, and the fertilizer is suitable for various soils and can ensure the actual use effect; ammonium sulfate: the fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water, quick in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to plant and strong in practicability, and has a weak acid reaction; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: slightly alkaline, slow fertilizer effect and long after-effect. If the organic acid fertilizer is used for preparing compost with crop straws, garbage, animal manure and the like, organic acid can be generated in the fermentation and decomposition process to increase the fertilizer efficiency, the organic acid fertilizer is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, is suitable for acidic or slightly acidic soil, can supplement the deficiency of calcium and magnesium microelements in the soil, and can ensure the actual planting effect; potassium sulfate: the fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer and also can be used as a top dressing, the fertilizer is suitable for ditching and deep application, the effect is quick when the fertilizer is close to a hairy root layer, the fertilizer is neutral, moisture absorption and caking are not easy to occur, the fertilizer can be applied to common soil, and the fertilizer requirement of planting can be met; plant ash: is residue after plant combustion, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, and can be used as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer; lime: the fertilizer is alkaline, after being applied, the fertilizer not only increases calcium fertilizer in soil and improves soil structure, but also neutralizes soil acidity, and when composting, a small amount of lime is added to accelerate decomposition.
Wherein, organic waste includes agricultural waste, plant extraction sediment, green plant clipping thing and kitchen garbage, and the part by weight of each material is agricultural waste 25 parts, plant extraction sediment 25 parts, green plant clipping thing 25 parts and kitchen garbage 25 parts, can realize the make full use of wastes material, and the utilization degree of resource is high, accords with the implementation of environmental protection theory, can satisfy the green development requirement of agricultural, and the cost of reduction production and processing that can step forward, and the practicality is strong, and the effect of use is good, does benefit to and utilizes widely.
Example 3:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10% of organic matrix, 15% of inorganic fertilizer and 75% of various organic wastes.
The organic substrate comprises 12.5 parts of crop straws, 12.5 parts of mushroom residues, 12.5 parts of peat, 12.5 parts of sawdust, 12.5 parts of bark and 37.5 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, wherein the weight parts of the substances are 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of lime, and the weight parts of the substances are as follows: the fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer due to weak acid reaction, can meet the planting requirement, and has quick response and strong practicability; urea: the fertilizer efficiency is long, the urea is in neutral reaction, and the fertilizer is suitable for various soils and can ensure the actual using effect; ammonium sulfate: the fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water, quick in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to plant and strong in practicability, and has a weak acid reaction; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: slightly alkaline, slow fertilizer effect and long after-effect. If the organic acid fertilizer is used for preparing compost with crop straws, garbage, animal manure and the like, organic acid can be generated in the fermentation and decomposition process to increase the fertilizer efficiency, the organic acid fertilizer is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, is suitable for acidic or slightly acidic soil, can supplement the deficiency of calcium and magnesium microelements in the soil, and can ensure the actual planting effect; potassium sulfate: the fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer and also can be used as a top dressing, the fertilizer is suitable for ditching and deep application, the effect is quick when the fertilizer is close to a hairy root layer, the fertilizer is neutral, moisture absorption and caking are not easy to occur, the fertilizer can be applied to common soil, and the fertilizer requirement of planting can be met; plant ash: is residue after plant combustion, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, and can be used as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer; lime: the fertilizer is alkaline, after being applied, the fertilizer not only increases calcium fertilizer in soil and improves soil structure, but also neutralizes soil acidity, and when composting is carried out, a small amount of lime is added, so that the decomposition can be accelerated.
Wherein, organic waste includes agricultural waste, the plant extraction sediment, green plant pruning thing and kitchen garbage, the part by weight of each material is agricultural waste 22.5 parts, the plant extraction sediment 22.5 parts, green plant pruning thing 22.5 parts and kitchen garbage 22.5 parts, can realize the make full use of wastes material, the utilization degree of resource is high, accord with the implementation of environmental protection theory, can satisfy the green development requirement of agricultural, and the cost of reduction production and processing that can step forward, therefore, the clothes hanger is strong in practicability, the effect of use is good, and the clothes hanger is favorable for being generalized to utilize.
Example 4:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20% of organic matrix, 25% of inorganic fertilizer and 55% of various organic wastes.
The organic substrate comprises 10 parts of crop straws, 10 parts of mushroom residues, 10 parts of turf, 10 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of bark and 50 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, wherein the weight parts of the substances are 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of lime, and the weight parts of the substances are as follows: the fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer due to weak acid reaction, can meet the planting requirement, and has quick response and strong practicability; urea: the fertilizer efficiency is long, the urea is in neutral reaction, and the fertilizer is suitable for various soils and can ensure the actual using effect; ammonium sulfate: the fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water, quick in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to plant and strong in practicability, and has a weak acid reaction; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: slightly alkaline, slow fertilizer effect and long after-effect. If the organic acid fertilizer is used for preparing compost with crop straws, garbage, animal manure and the like, organic acid can be generated in the fermentation and decomposition process to increase the fertilizer efficiency, the organic acid fertilizer is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, is suitable for acidic or slightly acidic soil, can supplement the deficiency of calcium and magnesium microelements in the soil, and can ensure the actual planting effect; potassium sulfate: the fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer and also can be used as a top dressing, the fertilizer is suitable for ditching and deep application, the effect is quick when the fertilizer is close to a hairy root layer, the fertilizer is neutral, moisture absorption and caking are not easy to occur, the fertilizer can be applied to common soil, and the fertilizer requirement of planting can be met; plant ash: is residue after plant combustion, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, and can be used as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer; lime: the fertilizer is alkaline, after being applied, the fertilizer not only increases calcium fertilizer in soil and improves soil structure, but also neutralizes soil acidity, and when composting is carried out, a small amount of lime is added, so that the decomposition can be accelerated.
Wherein, organic waste includes agricultural waste, plant extraction sediment, green plant clipping thing and kitchen garbage, and the part by weight of each material is agricultural waste 20 parts, plant extraction sediment 20 parts, green plant clipping thing 40 parts and kitchen garbage 20 parts, can realize the make full use of wastes material, and the utilization degree of resource is high, accords with the implementation of environmental protection theory, can satisfy the green development requirement of agricultural, and the cost of reduction production and processing that can step forward, and the practicality is strong, and the effect of use is good, does benefit to and utilizes widely.
Example 5:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20% of organic matrix, 25% of inorganic fertilizer and 55% of various organic wastes.
Wherein the organic substrate comprises 15 parts of crop straws, 15 parts of mushroom residues, 15 parts of turf, 15 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of bark and 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, wherein the weight parts of the substances are 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of lime, and the weight parts of the substances are as follows: the fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer due to weak acid reaction, can meet the planting requirement, and has quick response and strong practicability; urea: the fertilizer efficiency is long, the urea is in neutral reaction, and the fertilizer is suitable for various soils and can ensure the actual using effect; ammonium sulfate: the fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water, quick in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to plant and strong in practicability, and has a weak acid reaction; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: slightly alkaline, slow fertilizer effect and long after-effect. If the organic acid fertilizer is used for preparing compost with crop straws, garbage, animal manure and the like, organic acid can be generated in the fermentation and decomposition process to increase the fertilizer efficiency, the organic acid fertilizer is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, is suitable for acidic or slightly acidic soil, can supplement the deficiency of calcium and magnesium microelements in the soil, and can ensure the actual planting effect; potassium sulfate: the fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer and also can be used as a top dressing, the fertilizer is suitable for ditching and deep application, the effect is quick when the fertilizer is close to a hairy root layer, the fertilizer is neutral, moisture absorption and caking are not easy to occur, the fertilizer can be applied to common soil, and the fertilizer requirement of planting can be met; plant ash: is residue after plant combustion, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, and can be used as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer; lime: the fertilizer is alkaline, after being applied, the fertilizer not only increases calcium fertilizer in soil and improves soil structure, but also neutralizes soil acidity, and when composting is carried out, a small amount of lime is added, so that the decomposition can be accelerated.
Wherein, organic waste includes agricultural waste, plant extraction sediment, green plant clipping thing and kitchen garbage, and the part by weight of each material is agricultural waste 25 parts, plant extraction sediment 25 parts, green plant clipping thing 25 parts and kitchen garbage 25 parts, can realize the make full use of wastes material, and the utilization degree of resource is high, accords with the implementation of environmental protection theory, can satisfy the green development requirement of agricultural, and the cost of reduction production and processing that can step forward, and the practicality is strong, and the effect of use is good, does benefit to and utilizes widely.
Example 6:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20% of organic matrix, 25% of inorganic fertilizer and 55% of various organic wastes.
The organic substrate comprises 12.5 parts of crop straws, 12.5 parts of mushroom residues, 12.5 parts of peat, 12.5 parts of sawdust, 12.5 parts of bark and 37.5 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, wherein the weight parts of the substances are 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of lime, and the weight parts of the substances are as follows: the fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer due to weak acid reaction, can meet the planting requirement, and has quick response and strong practicability; urea: the fertilizer efficiency is long, the urea is in neutral reaction, and the fertilizer is suitable for various soils and can ensure the actual using effect; ammonium sulfate: the fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water, quick in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to plant and strong in practicability, and has a weak acid reaction; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: slightly alkaline, slow fertilizer effect and long after-effect. If the organic acid fertilizer is used for preparing compost with crop straws, garbage, animal manure and the like, organic acid can be generated in the fermentation and decomposition process to increase the fertilizer efficiency, the organic acid fertilizer is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, is suitable for acidic or slightly acidic soil, can supplement the deficiency of calcium and magnesium microelements in the soil, and can ensure the actual planting effect; potassium sulfate: the fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer and also can be used as a top dressing, the fertilizer is suitable for ditching and deep application, the effect is quick when the fertilizer is close to a hairy root layer, the fertilizer is neutral, moisture absorption and caking are not easy to occur, the fertilizer can be applied to common soil, and the fertilizer requirement of planting can be met; plant ash: is residue after plant combustion, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, and can be used as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer; lime: the fertilizer is alkaline, after being applied, the fertilizer not only increases calcium fertilizer in soil and improves soil structure, but also neutralizes soil acidity, and when composting is carried out, a small amount of lime is added, so that the decomposition can be accelerated.
Wherein, organic waste includes agricultural waste, the plant extraction sediment, green plant pruning thing and kitchen garbage, the part by weight of each material is agricultural waste 22.5 parts, the plant extraction sediment 22.5 parts, green plant pruning thing 22.5 parts and kitchen garbage 22.5 parts, can realize the make full use of wastes material, the utilization degree of resource is high, accord with the implementation of environmental protection theory, can satisfy the green development requirement of agricultural, and the cost of reduction production and processing that can step forward, therefore, the clothes hanger is strong in practicability, the effect of use is good, and the clothes hanger is favorable for being generalized to utilize.
Example 7:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15% of organic matrix, 20% of inorganic fertilizer and 65% of various organic wastes.
The organic substrate comprises 10 parts of crop straws, 10 parts of mushroom residues, 10 parts of turf, 10 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of bark and 50 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, wherein the weight parts of the substances are 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of lime, and the weight parts of the substances are as follows: the fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer due to weak acid reaction, can meet the planting requirement, and has quick response and strong practicability; urea: the fertilizer efficiency is long, the urea is in neutral reaction, and the fertilizer is suitable for various soils and can ensure the actual using effect; ammonium sulfate: the fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water, quick in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to plant and strong in practicability, and has a weak acid reaction; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: slightly alkaline, slow fertilizer effect and long after-effect. If the organic acid fertilizer is used for preparing compost with crop straws, garbage, animal manure and the like, organic acid can be generated in the fermentation and decomposition process to increase the fertilizer efficiency, the organic acid fertilizer is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, is suitable for acidic or slightly acidic soil, can supplement the deficiency of calcium and magnesium microelements in the soil, and can ensure the actual planting effect; potassium sulfate: the fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer and also can be used as a top dressing, the fertilizer is suitable for ditching and deep application, the effect is quick when the fertilizer is close to a hairy root layer, the fertilizer is neutral, moisture absorption and caking are not easy to occur, the fertilizer can be applied to common soil, and the fertilizer requirement of planting can be met; plant ash: is residue after plant combustion, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, and can be used as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer; lime: the fertilizer is alkaline, after being applied, the fertilizer not only increases calcium fertilizer in soil and improves soil structure, but also neutralizes soil acidity, and when composting is carried out, a small amount of lime is added, so that the decomposition can be accelerated.
Wherein, organic waste includes agricultural waste, plant extraction sediment, green plant clipping thing and kitchen garbage, and the part by weight of each material is agricultural waste 20 parts, plant extraction sediment 20 parts, green plant clipping thing 40 parts and kitchen garbage 20 parts, can realize the make full use of wastes material, and the utilization degree of resource is high, accords with the implementation of environmental protection theory, can satisfy the green development requirement of agricultural, and the cost of reduction production and processing that can step forward, and the practicality is strong, and the effect of use is good, does benefit to and utilizes widely.
Example 8:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15% of organic matrix, 20% of inorganic fertilizer and 65% of various organic wastes.
Wherein the organic substrate comprises 15 parts of crop straws, 15 parts of mushroom residues, 15 parts of turf, 15 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of bark and 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, wherein the weight parts of the substances are 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of lime, and the weight parts of the substances are as follows: the fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer due to weak acid reaction, can meet the planting requirement, and has quick response and strong practicability; urea: the fertilizer efficiency is long, the urea is in neutral reaction, and the fertilizer is suitable for various soils and can ensure the actual using effect; ammonium sulfate: the fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water, quick in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to plant and strong in practicability, and has a weak acid reaction; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: slightly alkaline, slow fertilizer effect and long after-effect. If the organic acid fertilizer is used for preparing compost with crop straws, garbage, animal manure and the like, organic acid can be generated in the fermentation and decomposition process to increase the fertilizer efficiency, the organic acid fertilizer is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, is suitable for acidic or slightly acidic soil, can supplement the deficiency of calcium and magnesium microelements in the soil, and can ensure the actual planting effect; potassium sulfate: the fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer and also can be used as a top dressing, the fertilizer is suitable for ditching and deep application, the effect is quick when the fertilizer is close to a hairy root layer, the fertilizer is neutral, moisture absorption and caking are not easy to occur, the fertilizer can be applied to common soil, and the fertilizer requirement of planting can be met; plant ash: is residue after plant combustion, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, and can be used as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer; lime: the fertilizer is alkaline, after being applied, the fertilizer not only increases calcium fertilizer in soil and improves soil structure, but also neutralizes soil acidity, and when composting is carried out, a small amount of lime is added, so that the decomposition can be accelerated.
Wherein, organic waste includes agricultural waste, plant extraction sediment, green plant clipping thing and kitchen garbage, and the part by weight of each material is agricultural waste 25 parts, plant extraction sediment 25 parts, green plant clipping thing 25 parts and kitchen garbage 25 parts, can realize the make full use of wastes material, and the utilization degree of resource is high, accords with the implementation of environmental protection theory, can satisfy the green development requirement of agricultural, and the cost of reduction production and processing that can step forward, and the practicality is strong, and the effect of use is good, does benefit to and utilizes widely.
Example 9:
a total-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15% of organic matrix, 20% of inorganic fertilizer and 65% of various organic wastes.
The organic substrate comprises 12.5 parts of crop straws, 12.5 parts of mushroom residues, 12.5 parts of peat, 12.5 parts of sawdust, 12.5 parts of bark and 37.5 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime, wherein the weight parts of the substances are 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of plant ash and 15 parts of lime, and the weight parts of the substances are as follows: the fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer due to weak acid reaction, can meet the planting requirement, and has quick response and strong practicability; urea: the fertilizer efficiency is long, the urea is in a neutral reaction, and the fertilizer is suitable for various soils and can ensure the actual use effect; ammonium sulfate: the fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water, quick in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to plant and strong in practicability, and has a weak acid reaction; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: slightly alkaline, slow fertilizer effect and long after-effect. If the organic acid fertilizer is used for preparing compost with crop straws, garbage, animal manure and the like, organic acid can be generated in the fermentation and decomposition process to increase the fertilizer efficiency, the organic acid fertilizer is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, is suitable for acidic or slightly acidic soil, can supplement the deficiency of calcium and magnesium microelements in the soil, and can ensure the actual planting effect; potassium sulfate: the fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer and also can be used as a top dressing, the fertilizer is suitable for ditching and deep application, the effect is quick when the fertilizer is close to a hairy root layer, the fertilizer is neutral, moisture absorption and caking are not easy to occur, the fertilizer can be applied to common soil, and the fertilizer requirement of planting can be met; plant ash: is residue after plant combustion, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, and can be used as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer; lime: the fertilizer is alkaline, after being applied, the fertilizer not only increases calcium fertilizer in soil and improves soil structure, but also neutralizes soil acidity, and when composting is carried out, a small amount of lime is added, so that the decomposition can be accelerated.
Wherein, organic waste includes agricultural waste, the plant extraction sediment, green plant pruning thing and kitchen garbage, the part by weight of each material is agricultural waste 22.5 parts, the plant extraction sediment 22.5 parts, green plant pruning thing 22.5 parts and kitchen garbage 22.5 parts, can realize the make full use of wastes material, the utilization degree of resource is high, accord with the implementation of environmental protection theory, can satisfy the green development requirement of agricultural, and the cost of reduction production and processing that can step forward, therefore, the clothes hanger is strong in practicability, the effect of use is good, and the clothes hanger is favorable for being generalized to utilize.
In the above embodiments, a preparation method of a total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses comprises the following specific preparation steps:
s1, preparing an organic matrix: preparing 12.5 parts of crop straws, 12.5 parts of mushroom residues, 12.5 parts of grass peat, 12.5 parts of sawdust, 12.5 parts of barks and 37.5 parts of livestock and poultry manure according to the mixture ratio;
s2, fermentation: injecting water into the organic matrix prepared in the step S1, controlling the water content in the organic matrix to be 30%, manually stirring and mixing the organic matrix, placing the organic matrix in a preset rectangular groove after mixing, and fermenting to obtain the organic matrix;
s3, preparing an inorganic fertilizer: preparing 12.5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12.5 parts of urea, 12.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 12.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 12.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 12.5 parts of plant ash and 12.5 parts of lime according to the proportion, and fully stirring and mixing;
s4, preparing organic waste: preparing 22.5 parts of agricultural wastes, 22.5 parts of plant extraction residues, 22.5 parts of green plant trimmings and 22.5 parts of kitchen waste according to a ratio, manually stirring and mixing the materials, and fermenting the mixture after mixing is completed to obtain a mixture;
s5, covering: covering the organic fertilizer which is stirred and mixed in the S3 and the mixture which is fermented in the S4 on the organic substrate which is fermented in the S2;
s6, disinfection: sterilizing the substrate completed in S5 with high-temperature steam;
s7, sowing: the rose seeds were placed on the sterilized S6.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the modified concept of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A full-nutrition soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is characterized in that: the material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20% of organic matrix, 15-25% of inorganic fertilizer and 55-75% of organic waste.
2. A complete nutrient soilless culture substrate for roses according to claim 1 wherein: the organic substrate comprises 10-15 parts of crop straws, 10-15 parts of mushroom residues, 10-15 parts of peat, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of bark and 25-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure.
3. A complete nutrient soilless culture substrate for roses as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the inorganic fertilizer comprises 10 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts by weight of urea, 15 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate, 15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 15 parts by weight of plant ash and 15 parts by weight of lime.
4. A complete nutrient soilless culture substrate for roses according to claim 1 wherein: the organic waste comprises 20-25 parts of agricultural waste, 20-25 parts of plant extraction residues, 25-40 parts of green plant trimmings and 20-25 parts of kitchen waste.
5. A complete nutrient soilless culture substrate for roses according to claim 1 wherein: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10% of organic matrix, 15% of inorganic fertilizer and 75% of various organic wastes.
6. A complete nutrient soilless culture substrate for roses according to claim 1 wherein: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20% of organic matrix, 25% of inorganic fertilizer and 55% of various organic wastes.
7. A complete nutrient soilless culture substrate for roses according to claim 1 wherein: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15% of organic matrix, 20% of inorganic fertilizer and 65% of various organic wastes.
8. A preparation method of a total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing an organic matrix: preparing 12.5 parts of crop straws, 12.5 parts of mushroom residues, 12.5 parts of grass peat, 12.5 parts of sawdust, 12.5 parts of barks and 37.5 parts of livestock and poultry manure according to the mixture ratio;
s2, fermentation: injecting water into the organic matrix prepared in the step S1, controlling the water content in the organic matrix to be 30%, manually stirring and mixing the organic matrix, placing the organic matrix in a preset rectangular groove after mixing, and fermenting to obtain the organic matrix;
s3, preparing an inorganic fertilizer: preparing 12.5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12.5 parts of urea, 12.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 12.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 12.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 12.5 parts of plant ash and 12.5 parts of lime according to the proportion, and fully stirring and mixing;
s4, preparing organic waste: preparing 22.5 parts of agricultural wastes, 22.5 parts of plant extraction residues, 22.5 parts of green plant trimmings and 22.5 parts of kitchen waste according to a ratio, manually stirring and mixing the materials, and fermenting the mixture after the mixture is mixed to obtain a mixture;
s5, covering: covering the organic fertilizer which is stirred and mixed in the S3 and the mixture which is fermented in the S4 on the organic substrate which is fermented in the S2;
s6, disinfection: sterilizing the substrate completed in S5 with high-temperature steam;
s7, sowing: the rose seeds were placed on the sterilized S6.
9. The method for preparing a complete nutrient soilless culture substrate for roses according to claim 8, characterized in that: the fermentation temperature in S2 and S4 were both 80 ℃ and the duration was both 30 days.
10. An application of a full-nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses in rose culture.
CN202210676609.5A 2022-06-15 2022-06-15 Total nutrient soilless culture substrate suitable for roses and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN115067177A (en)

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