CN115044040A - 含有聚酰亚胺的聚合物、正型感光性树脂组成物、负型感光性树脂组成物及图案形成方法 - Google Patents
含有聚酰亚胺的聚合物、正型感光性树脂组成物、负型感光性树脂组成物及图案形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115044040A CN115044040A CN202210219992.1A CN202210219992A CN115044040A CN 115044040 A CN115044040 A CN 115044040A CN 202210219992 A CN202210219992 A CN 202210219992A CN 115044040 A CN115044040 A CN 115044040A
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- photosensitive resin
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 title description 15
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 phenol compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 157
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 71
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
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- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
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- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
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- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YDNHCHDMPIHHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-[bis(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)amino]propanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCN(CCC(=O)OC)CCC(=O)OC YDNHCHDMPIHHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMJNUOYYIYNPJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-[butyl-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)amino]propanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCN(CCCC)CCC(=O)OC BMJNUOYYIYNPJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SRLHDBRENZFCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-di(butan-2-yl)butan-2-amine Chemical compound CCC(C)N(C(C)CC)C(C)CC SRLHDBRENZFCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CLZGJKHEVKJLLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diheptylheptan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCN(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC CLZGJKHEVKJLLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- DVECLMOWYVDJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DVECLMOWYVDJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QZZYYBQGTSGDPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C#N)=CN=C21 QZZYYBQGTSGDPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- UJJDEOLXODWCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(Cl)=O UJJDEOLXODWCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAELLLITIZHOGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(C)(C)C JAELLLITIZHOGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRGJIIMZXMWMCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)O BRGJIIMZXMWMCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AANIRNIRVXARSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M trifluoromethanesulfonate;trimethylsulfanium Chemical compound C[S+](C)C.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AANIRNIRVXARSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TUODWSVQODNTSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M trifluoromethanesulfonate;tris[4-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]phenyl]sulfanium Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC(OC(C)(C)C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC(C)(C)C)C=C1 TUODWSVQODNTSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAYMLNNRGCYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfonium triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FAYMLNNRGCYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
- C08G73/1071—Wholly aromatic polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/022—Quinonediazides
- G03F7/0226—Quinonediazides characterised by the non-macromolecular additives
-
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明关于含有聚酰亚胺结构的聚合物、正型感光性树脂组成物、负型感光性树脂组成物、图案形成方法、硬化被膜形成方法、层间绝缘膜、表面保护膜、及电子零件。
现有技术
伴随个人电脑、数码相机、行动电话等各种电子设备的小型化、高性能化,对半导体元件进一步的小型化、薄型化及高密度化的要求急速提高。伴随于此,要求半导体元件的层间绝缘膜、表面保护膜兼具更优异的电特性、耐热性、机械特性等。
在所谓三维叠层的高密度安装技术中,就可在基板上形成图案的感光性绝缘材料而言,聚酰亚胺膜自以往便被应用作为保护被膜、绝缘层,其绝缘性、机械特性、与基板的密接性等持续受到注目,即便在现在其开发仍然旺盛。
以往,就感光性的聚酰亚胺系材料而言,有人提出利用了是聚酰亚胺的前驱体的聚酰胺酸的材料,例如在聚酰胺酸的羧基将感光基团通过酯键予以导入所成者(专利文献1、专利文献2)。然而,这些提案中,在形成经图案化的皮膜后,为了获得目标的聚酰亚胺皮膜,必须以超过300℃的高温进行酰亚胺化处理,而为了耐受此高温,会有基底基材受限制、使配线的铜发生氧化的问题。
就其改善而言,已有人提出将后硬化温度的低温化作为目的的使用了酰亚胺化后的碱可溶性树脂的感光性聚酰亚胺(专利文献3、专利文献4)。通常已闭环的聚酰亚胺会有溶剂溶解性不足的问题,但如专利文献3、专利文献4所见,通过使含氟烷基的单元包含于聚合物结构中,可确保在通用溶剂的溶解性。
专利文献3提出含有已闭环的聚酰亚胺的负型感光性组成物,通过使用2,2-双(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷作为二胺单元,来兼顾在环己酮的溶解性及碱显影性。
又专利文献4提出使用了已闭环的聚酰亚胺、光酸产生剂及具有羟甲基的热交联剂的正型感光性树脂组成物,通过使用2,2-双(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷作为二胺单元,并使用2,2’-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐作为酸酐单元,来兼顾在γ-丁内酯的溶解性及碱显影性。
氟烷基就溶剂溶解性的改善而言是有效果的,但考量属于全氟烷基化合物及多氟烷基化合物(PFAS)的群组中的化合物的一部分对环境的负荷、有关健康的危害性的担忧,已成为欧洲的REACH(Registration,Evaluation,Authorization and Restriction ofChemicals)规则中的限制物质,今后该规约也将变得更为严苛。在以此种事实为背景下,电子零件中作为绝缘膜、保护膜而永久残存的材料中的氟烷基的使用受到限制。
如此这般,今后伴随着晶片的高密度化、高整合化,绝缘保护膜的再配线技术中的图案的微细化想必也会日益进展,所以在感光性树脂组成物中,强烈期望着能不损及通过加热而获得的图案及保护被膜的机械特性、密接性等优异的特征,又溶剂溶解性良好且实现高分辨率的组成物。
现有技术文献
专利文献
[专利文献1]日本特开昭49-115541号公报
[专利文献2]日本特开昭55-45746号公报
[专利文献3]日本特开2011-123278号公报
[专利文献4]日本特开2006-313237号公报
发明内容
[发明所欲解决的课题]
本发明是鉴于上述事实而作成的,目的为提供一种含有聚酰亚胺的聚合物,是溶剂溶解性良好且可溶于碱性水溶液中,又可使用作为能形成微细图案且能获得高分辨率的正型感光性树脂组成物及负型感光性树脂组成物的基础树脂。
又,本发明的其他目的为提供一种正型感光性树脂组成物及负型感光性树脂组成物,使用了在图案形成中可溶于碱性水溶液、解像性优异、且可形成微细图案的上述聚合物。
[解决课题的手段]
为了解决上述课题,本发明提供一种聚合物,其特征为:包含下列通式(1)表示的结构单元。
式中,X1为4价的有机基团,Z1为2价的有机基团,k=1~3的整数。
若为此种聚合物,则因为溶剂溶解性良好且不会损及在碱性水溶液的溶解性,所以可使用作为能形成微细图案且能获得高分辨率的感光性树脂组成物的基础树脂。
此时,上述通式(1)表示的结构单元为下列通式(2)表示者较为理想。
式中,Z2为2价的有机基团,X1及k与上述相同。
若为包含上述通式(2)表示的结构单元的聚合物,会因为作为原料的化合物容易取得且容易合成,而使聚合物的生产性提高。
又,本发明的聚合物更包含下列通式(3)表示的结构单元。
式中,X2为2价的有机基团,Z1及k与上述相同。
本发明的聚合物通过更包含上述通式(3)表示的结构单元而成为溶剂溶解性更佳者,并成为硬化膜的机械特性亦良好者。
此时,上述通式(3)表示的结构单元为下列通式(4)较为理想。
式中,Z2为2价的有机基团,X2及k与上述相同。
若为包含上述通式(4)表示的结构单元的聚合物,会因为作为原料的化合物容易取得且容易合成,而使聚合物的生产性提高。
又,本发明提供一种正型感光性树脂组成物,其特征为包含:
(A)上述聚合物;
(B)因为光而产生酸且使对于碱性水溶液的溶解速度增大的感光剂,是具有醌二叠氮结构的化合物;及
(D)溶剂。
如此这般,通过使用(B)成分的感光剂,在图案形成中曝光部对于碱性水溶液的显影液的溶解速度会变大而变得可溶,在未曝光部则因为感光剂的碱溶解防止性而不会溶解,而可获得正像。包含上述通式(1)表示的结构单元的聚合物。因为聚合物本身即会表现碱可溶性,所以在开口的图案底部会变得不易产生渣滓等残渣、拖尾等图案劣化,用以形成微细图案是具优势的。
又,此时,上述正型感光性树脂组成物更包含(C)选自借甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的氨基缩合物、平均1分子中具有2个以上的羟甲基或烷氧羟甲基的苯酚化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成环氧丙基的化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成下列式(C-1)表示的取代基的化合物、及含有2个以上的下列式(C-2)表示的具有环氧丙基的氮原子的化合物中的1种或2种以上的交联剂较为理想。
式中,虚线表示键结,Rc表示碳数1~6的直链状、分枝状、或环状的烷基,s表示1或2。
若为包含此种(C)成分者,可在本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物的图案形成后的后硬化中发生交联反应,而使硬化物的强度更为上升,可形成更理想的硬化皮膜。
然后,本发明提供一种负型感光性树脂组成物,其特征为包含:
(A’)上述聚合物;
(B’)光酸产生剂;
(C)选自借甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的氨基缩合物、平均1分子中具有2个以上的羟甲基或烷氧羟甲基的苯酚化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成环氧丙基的化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成下列式(C-1)表示的取代基的化合物、及含有2个以上的下列式(C-2)表示的具有环氧丙基的氮原子的化合物中的1种或2种以上的交联剂;及
(D)溶剂;
式中,虚线表示键结,Rc表示碳数1~6的直链状、分枝状、或环状的烷基,s表示1或2。
如此这般,亦可通过使用(B’)成分的光酸产生剂,而在图案形成中于曝光部产生酸,使添加的(C)成分的交联剂的交联基团与聚合物的交联反应点进行交联,借此曝光部会变得不溶于显影液而制得会获得负像的组成物。
然后,本发明提提供一种图案形成方法,其特征为包括下列步骤:
(1)形成步骤,将上述的正型感光性树脂组成物涂布于基板上,形成感光材皮膜;
(2)加热步骤,将上述感光材皮膜加热;
(3)曝光步骤,间隔光掩膜以波长190~500nm的高能射线或电子束对上述感光材皮膜进行曝光;及
(4)显影步骤,使用碱性水溶液的显影液进行显影。
若为此种图案形成方法,则通过使用上述正型感光性树脂组成物,曝光部可溶于碱性水溶液中,且可在不产生渣滓等的情况下形成微细图案,又可获得高分辨率。
又,本发明提供一种图案形成方法,其特征为包括下列步骤:
(I)形成步骤,将上述的负型感光性树脂组成物涂布于基板上,形成感光材皮膜;
(II)加热步骤,将上述感光材皮膜加热;
(III)曝光步骤,间隔光掩膜以波长190~500nm的高能射线或电子束对上述感光材皮膜进行曝光;及
(IV)显影步骤,使用碱性水溶液的显影液进行显影。
本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物的基础树脂的聚合物因为含有上述通式(1)表示的结构单元,所以可进行利用碱性水溶液所为的碱显影。
此时,上述曝光步骤(III)与上述显影步骤(IV)之间,更包括上述感光材皮膜的曝光后加热步骤较为理想。
通过在曝光后包括加热步骤(曝光后烘烤(PEB)),可将因曝光而由光酸产生剂产生的酸作为催化剂,而促进交联剂的交联基团与聚合物的交联反应点的交联反应。
然后,提供一种硬化被膜形成方法,包括下列步骤:对通过本发明的上述图案形成方法所获得的形成有图案的被膜,于温度100~300℃进行加热、后硬化。
若为此种硬化被膜形成方法,即便在以低温进行硬化的情况下仍能形成机械特性良好的硬化皮膜(图案)。
又,本发明提供一种层间绝缘膜或表面保护膜,其特征为:是由上述的正型感光性树脂组成物或上述的负型感光性树脂组成物硬化而成的硬化被膜所构成的。
本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物或本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物硬化而成的硬化被膜与基板的密接性、耐热性、电特性、机械强度及对碱性剥离液等的药品耐性优异,且将其作为保护用被膜而制成的半导体元件的可靠性亦优异,所以作为电气、电子零件、半导体元件等的保护用被膜(层间绝缘膜或表面保护膜)是理想的。
又,本发明提供一种电子零件,其特征为:具有上述层间绝缘膜或表面保护膜。
此种保护用被膜(层间绝缘膜或表面保护膜)因为其耐热性、药品耐性、及绝缘性,而在包括再配线用途的半导体元件用绝缘膜、多层印刷基板用绝缘膜等是有效的,可制成可靠性优异的电子零件。
[发明的效果]
如以上所述,若为本发明,则可提供一种含有聚酰亚胺的聚合物,溶剂溶解性良好且可溶于碱性水溶液中,又可使用作为能形成微细图案且能获得高分辨率的正型感光性树脂组成物及负型感光性树脂组成物的基础树脂。
又,可提供一种正型感光性树脂组成物及负型感光性树脂组成物,使用了在图案形成中可溶于碱性水溶液、解像性优异、且可形成微细图案的上述聚合物。
具体实施方式
如上述,寻求溶剂溶解性良好且可溶于碱性水溶液中,又可使用作为能形成微细图案且能获得高分辨率的感光性树脂组成物的基础树脂的聚合物。
本申请发明人们为了达成上述目的而努力研究,结果发现将具有下述通式(1)表示的结构单元的聚合物作为感光性树脂组成物的基础树脂使用时,该聚合物因为溶剂溶解性良好且可溶于碱性水溶液的显影液中,所以可应用于能进行碱性水溶液显影的正型感光性树脂组成物、及能进行碱性水溶液显影的负型感光性树脂组成物中,而使用这些感光性树脂组成物所获得的图案微细且图案形状良好。
然后,使用包含具通式(1)表示的结构单元的聚合物作为基础树脂的感光性树脂组成物,发现在图案形成后以低温进行加热时获得的保护被膜机械强度、密接性优异。亦即,发现具有因使用包含具上述结构单元的聚合物作为基础树脂的感光性树脂组成物所形成的图案而获得的硬化被膜,作为电气、电子零件保护被膜、绝缘保护被膜是优异的,而完成本发明。另外,本说明书中亦将电气、电子零件统称为“电子零件”。
亦即,本发明为一种聚合物,其特征为:包含下列通式(1)表示的结构单元。
式中,X1为4价的有机基团,Z1为2价的有机基团,k=1~3的整数。
以下,针对本发明详细地说明,但本发明并不限定于这些。
[含有聚酰亚胺结构的聚合物]
本发明的聚合物包含下列通式(1)表示的结构单元(以下,亦称作结构单元(1))。
式中,X1为4价的有机基团,Z1为2价的有机基团,k=1~3的整数。
上述通式(1)中的2个苯酚部分中,各自的苯环独立地经1~3个氟原子取代(k=1~3)。氟原子的取代数及取代位置并不特别限定,考量原料的取得容易性,取代数为1较为理想,取代位置为苯酚性羟基的邻位或对位较为理想,为邻位更为理想。氟原子位于苯酚性羟基的邻位或对位时,因为氟原子具有电子吸引性,所以苯酚性羟基的酸性度会变高,对于碱性水溶液的显影液的溶解性会提高。
如此这般,本发明通过以氟取代苯酚部分替代氟烷基并导入聚合物中,来同时提高对通用溶剂的溶解性及碱显影性。
上述通式(1)中的X1为4价的有机基团,只要是4价的有机基团的话并不限定。较理想为碳数4~40的脂环族脂肪族基团或芳香族基团的4价的有机基团或含有硅氧烷骨架的4价的有机基团,更甚理想为下式(5)表示的4价的有机基团。又,X1的结构亦可为1种,亦可2种以上的组合。
式中,R1、R2各自独立地表示甲基或苯基,q1及q2表示1~20的整数,虚线表示键结。
上述通式(1)中的Z1为2价的有机基团,只要是2价的有机基团的话并不限定,为碳数4~40的2价的有机基团较为理想,为含有1~4个具有取代基的芳香族环或脂肪族环的环状有机基团、或不具有环状结构的脂肪族基团或硅氧烷基团更为理想。就更甚理想的Z1而言,可列举如下式(6)表示的结构。
-----O-Z2-O----- (6)
式中,Z2为2价的有机基团,虚线表示键结。
亦即,本发明的聚合物的以通式(1)表示的结构单元为下列通式(2)表示的结构单元(结构单元(2))较为理想。
式中,Z2为2价的有机基团,X1及k与上述相同。
只要上述通式(6)中的Z2为2价的有机基团的话并不限定,但为下式(7)表示的结构较为理想。又,Z2的结构亦可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
式中,q3表示0~4的整数,q4表示0~6的整数,q5表示0~3的整数,q6表示0~10的整数,q7表示0或1,q8表示0~2的整数,q9表示1~30的整数,q10表示0~10的整数,q11表示0~10的整数,q12表示0~12的整数,q13表示0~40的整数,q14表示1~40的整数,R3表示氟原子、甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基或三氟甲基,q3~q6、q8、q10~q12为2以上时,R3可分别相同亦可相异,R4是各自独立地为氢原子、氟原子、或碳数1~6的烷基,虚线表示键结。
若为包含上述通式(1)表示的结构单元的树脂的话,因为在有机溶剂的溶解性良好且变得可溶于碱性水溶液中,所以使用了该树脂的组成物可形成微细图案且能获得高分辨率,会成为获得的硬化膜的机械强度、对基板的密接力、耐热性亦良好者。又,结构单元(1)在后硬化时没有必要进行闭环反应,可相对地降低硬化反应温度。
又本发明的聚合物除了上述通式(1)表示的结构单元以外,更含有下列通式(3)表示的结构单元(以下,亦称作结构单元(3))较为理想。
式中,X2为2价的有机基团,Z1及k与上述相同。
上述通式(3)中的X2为2价的有机基团,只要是2价的有机基团的话并不限定。较理想为碳数4~40的脂肪族链长结构或脂环族脂肪族基团或芳香族基团的2价的有机基团。更甚理想为下式(8)表示的2价的有机基团。又,X2的结构亦可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
式中,R5各自独立地为氢原子、氟原子、或碳数1~6的烷基,q15为1~30的整数,虚线表示键结。
若为包含上述通式(3)表示的结构单元的树脂的话,因为能使进行图案形成后获得的硬化膜的延伸等机械特性、对基板的密接力改善所以较为理想。
又本发明的聚合物除了上述通式(1)~(3)表示的结构单元以外,可更包含下列通式(9)~(12)表示的结构单元中的任1种以上。
式中,X3为与上述X1相同或相异的4价的有机基团,X4为2价的有机基团。
式中,X5为与上述X2相同或相异的2价的有机基团,X6为与上述X4相同或相异的2价的有机基团。
式中,X7为与上述X1相同或相异的4价的有机基团,X8为与上述X4相同或相异的2价的有机基团,Ra及Rb是各自独立地为氢原子、碳数1~10且之间亦可含有杂原子、亦可具有取代基的有机基团。
式中,X9为与上述X2相同或相异的2价的有机基团,X10为4价的有机基团。
上述通式(9)中的X3为4价的有机基团,可与上述X1相同或相异,只要是4价的有机基团的话并不限定。较理想为碳数4~40的脂环族脂肪族基团或芳香族基团的4价的有机基团或含有硅氧烷骨架的4价的有机基团,更甚理想为上式(5)表示的4价的有机基团。又,X3的结构可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
上述通式(9)中的X4为2价的有机基团,只要是2价的有机基团的话并不限定,但为碳数6~40的2价的有机基团较为理想,为含有1~4个具有取代基的芳香族环或脂肪族环的环状有机基团、或不具有环状结构的脂肪族基团或硅氧烷基团更为理想。就更甚理想的X4而言,可列举如下式(13)、(14)或(15)表示的结构。又,X4的结构可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
式中,q16表示1~20的整数,s1为1~40的整数,s2、s3各自独立地表示0~40的整数,虚线表示键结。
式中,q17表示1~4的整数,R6表示氟原子、甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基或三氟甲基,q17为2以上时,R6可各自相同亦可相异,q18表示1~40的整数,虚线表示键结。
式中,q19、q20、及q21表示1~10的整数,q22表示1~20的整数,虚线表示键结。
若为包含上述通式(9)表示的结构单元的树脂的话,因为能使进行图案形成后获得的硬化膜的机械强度、对基板的密接力、耐热性改善所以较为理想。又,因为结构单元(9)在后硬化时没有必要进行闭环反应,可相对地降低硬化反应温度,所以较为理想。
上述通式(10)中的X5为2价的有机基团,可与上述X2相同或相异,只要是2价的有机基团的话并不限定。较理想为碳数4~40的脂肪族链长结构或脂环族脂肪族基团或芳香族基团的2价的有机基团。更甚理想为上述式(8)表示的2价的有机基团。又,X5的结构可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
上述通式(10)中的X6为2价的有机基团,可与上述X4相同或相异,只要是2价的有机基团的话并不限定。较理想为碳数6~40的2价的有机基团,为含有1~4个具有取代基的芳香族环或脂肪族环的环状有机基团、或不具有环状结构的脂肪族基团或硅氧烷基团。更甚理想可列举如上述式(13)、(14)或(15)表示的结构。又,X6的结构可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
若为包含上述通式(10)表示的结构单元的树脂的话,因为能使进行图案形成后获得的硬化膜的延伸等机械特性、对基板的密接力改善所以较为理想。
上述通式(11)中的X7为4价的有机基团,可与上述X1相同或相异,只要是4价的有机基团的话并不限定。较理想为碳数4~40的脂环族脂肪族基团或芳香族基团的4价的有机基团或含有硅氧烷骨架的4价的有机基团,更甚理想为上述式(5)表示的4价的有机基团。又,X7的结构可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
上述通式(11)中的X8为2价的有机基团,可与上述X4相同或相异,只要是2价的有机基团的话并不限定。较理想为碳数6~40的2价的有机基团,为含有1~4个具有取代基的芳香族环或脂肪族环的环状有机基团、或不具有环状结构的脂肪族基团或硅氧烷基团。更甚理想可列举如上述式(13)、(14)或(15)表示的结构。又,X8的结构可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
若为包含上述通式(11)表示的结构单元的树脂的话,因为能使进行图案形成后获得的硬化膜的延伸等机械特性、对基板的密接力改善所以较为理想。
上述通式(12)中的X9为2价的有机基团,可与上述X2相同或相异,只要是2价的有机基团的话并不限定。较理想为碳数4~40的脂肪族链长结构或脂环族脂肪族基团或芳香族基团的2价的有机基团。更甚理想为上述式(8)表示的2价的有机基团。又,X9的结构可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
上述通式(12)中的X10为4价的有机基团,只要是4价的有机基团的话并不限定,但为碳数6~40的4价的有机基团较为理想,为含有1~4个具有取代基的芳香族环或脂肪族环的环状有机基团、或不具有环状结构的脂肪族基团或硅氧烷基团更为理想。就更甚理想的X10而言,可列举如下式(16)表示的结构。又,X10的结构可为1种,亦可为2种以上的组合。
式中,q23、q24、及q25表示1~10的整数,q26表示1~20的整数,虚线表示键结。
若为包含上述通式(12)表示的结构单元的树脂的话,因为能使进行图案形成后获得的硬化膜的机械强度、对基板的密接力、耐热性改善所以较为理想。又,因为结构单元(12)在后硬化时没有必要进行闭环反应,可相对地降低硬化反应温度,所以较为理想。
上述含有聚酰亚胺结构的聚合物的理想的重均分子量为5,000~100,000较为理想,为7,000~50,000更为理想。若重均分子量为5,000以上,将使用了上述树脂作为基础树脂的感光性树脂组成物在基板上成膜为所期望的膜厚会变容易,若重均分子量为100,000以下,该感光性树脂组成物的粘度不会变得太高,不会有无法成膜的疑虑。另外,本发明中,重均分子量(以下,亦简单称作“分子量”),是利用凝胶渗透层析仪(GPC)所获得的聚苯乙烯换算值。
[含有聚酰亚胺结构的聚合物的制造方法]
本发明的聚合物包含下列通式(1)表示的结构者,较理想为包含下列通式(2)表示的结构者。
式中,X1、Z1及k与上述相同。
式中,Z2为2价的有机基团,X1及k与上述相同。
包含上述通式(2)表示的结构单元的聚合物,可通过使下列通式(17)表示的四羧酸二酐与下列通式(18)表示的二胺进行反应来获得。首先,可通过使下列通式(17)表示的四羧酸二酐与下列通式(18)表示的二胺进行反应,合成酰胺酸之后,再利用加热脱水形成酰亚胺环借此获得包含结构单元(2)的聚合物。
上述结构单元(2)的制造,可在如γ-丁内酯、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮的高沸点且极性高的溶剂中将二胺溶解后,添加酸酐,并以0~80℃,较佳为10~50℃的条件使其反应而制成酰胺酸后,再添加二甲苯等非极性的溶剂,并于100~200℃,较佳为130~180℃进行加热,一边从反应系统将水除去一边进行酰亚胺化反应,借此实施。
式中,X1与上述相同。
式中,Z2及k与上述相同。
就理想的上述通式(17)表示的四羧酸二酐的例子而言,可列举如芳香族酸二酐、脂环族酸二酐、脂肪族酸二酐、含硅氧烷骨架的二酐等。就芳香族酸二酐而言,可列举如焦蜜石酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐、2,3,2’,3’-联苯四甲酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-三联苯四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-氧基苯二甲酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-氧基苯二甲酸二酐、2,3,2’,3’-氧基苯二甲酸二酐、二苯砜-3,3’,4,4’-四羧酸二酐、二苯甲酮-3,3’,4,4’-四羧酸二酐、2,2-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、2,2-双(2,3-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、1,1-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、1,1-双(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、双(2,3-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、1,4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯二酐、对亚苯基双(偏苯三甲酸单酯酸酐)、双(1,3-二氧代基-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-羧酸)1,4-亚苯基、2,2-双(4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基)丙烷、1,2,5,6-萘四羧酸二酐、2,3,6,7-萘四羧酸二酐、9,9-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)芴二酐、9,9-双(4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基)芴二酐、2,3,5,6-吡啶四羧酸二酐、3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酐、2,2-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐、2,2-双(4-(3,4-二羧基苯甲酰氧基)苯基)六氟丙烷二酐、1,6-二氟焦蜜石酸二酐、1-三氟甲基焦蜜石酸二酐、1,6-二三氟甲基焦蜜石酸二酐、2,2’-双(三氟甲基)-4,4’-双(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)联苯二酐、2,2’-双[(二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐、2,2’-双[(二羧基苯氧基)苯基]六氟丙烷二酐,或将它们的芳香族环经烷基、烷氧基、卤素原子等进行取代所得的酸二酐化合物等,但不限定于这些。
就脂环族酸二酐而言,可列举如1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-环戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-环己烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-环戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-四甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,3-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-环庚烷四羧酸二酐、2,3,4,5-四氢呋喃四羧酸二酐、3,4-二羧基-1-环己基琥珀酸二酐、2,3,5-三羧基环戊基乙酸二酐、3,4-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘琥珀酸二酐、双环[3,3,0]辛烷-2,4,6,8-四羧酸二酐、双环[4,3,0]壬烷-2,4,7,9-四羧酸二酐、双环[4,4,0]癸烷-2,4,7,9-四羧酸二酐、双环[4,4,0]癸烷-2,4,8,10-四羧酸二酐、三环[6,3,0,02,6]十一烷-3,5,9,11-四羧酸二酐、双环[2,2,2]辛烷-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、双环[2,2,2]辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、双环[2,2,1]庚烷四羧酸二酐、双环[2,2,1]庚烷-5-羧基甲基-2,3,6-三羧酸二酐、7-氧杂双环[2,2,1]庚烷-2,4,6,8-四羧酸二酐、八氢萘-1,2,6,7-四羧酸二酐、十四氢蒽-1,2,8,9-四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二环己烷四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-氧基二环己烷四羧酸二酐、5-(2,5-二氧代基四氢-3-呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐、及“RIKACID”(注册商标)BT-100(以上、商品名、新日本理化(股)制)及它们的衍生物,或将它们的脂环经烷基、烷氧基、卤素原子等取代所得的酸二酐化合物等,但并不限定于这些。
就脂肪族酸二酐而言,可列举如1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-戊烷四羧酸二酐、及它们的衍生物等,但并不限定于这些。
就含硅氧烷骨架的二酐而言,可列举如1,3-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷二酐、3,3’-((1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二硅氧烷二基)二-3,1-丙烷二基)双(二氢-2,5-呋喃二酮)、及它们的衍生物等,但并不限定于这些。
这些芳香族酸二酐、脂环族酸二酐、脂肪族酸二酐或含硅氧烷骨架的二酐可单独使用,或可将2种以上组合使用。
就上述通式(18)表示的二胺化合物的制造方法而言,并不特别限定,但可列举如通过使下列通式(19)表示的硝基苯酚化合物与下列通式(20)表示的二羟基化合物在有机溶剂中于碳酸钾等碱性催化剂的存在下,进行芳香族亲核取代反应,获得下列通式(21)表示的二硝基化合物后,再将硝基还原的方法。
式中,k与上述相同。
HO-Z2-OH (20)
式中,Z2与上述相同。
式中,Z2、k与上述相同。
就上述芳香族亲核取代反应中使用的有机溶剂而言,只要是不会对反应造成影响的溶剂的话并不特别限定,可使用苯、甲苯、二甲苯、等芳香族烃类;正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷等脂肪族烃类;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮等酰胺类;二乙醚、四氢呋喃、1,4-二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、环戊基甲醚等醚类;2-丁酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮等酮类;乙腈等腈类;二甲基亚砜;氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷等卤化烃类;乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丁酯等酯类等。这些溶剂可单独使用,亦可将2种以上组合使用。另外,若溶剂中含有过多水分,会有不期望的副反应发生的可能性,所以溶剂是使用脱水溶剂,或脱水后再使用较为理想。
反应温度只要在溶剂的沸点以下即可,可设定为0~200℃左右,但为50~170℃较为理想。
就在上述反应使用的碱性催化剂而言,可例示如三乙胺、三丁胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺等三烷基胺类;N-甲基吗啉等脂肪族环状叔胺类;N,N-二甲基苯胺、三苯基胺等芳香族胺类;吡啶、甲吡啶、二甲基吡啶、喹啉、N,N-二甲基-4-氨基吡啶等杂环胺类;碳酸钠、碳酸钾等碱金属或碱土金属的碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐;叔丁氧基钾、氢化钠等碱金属盐。较理想可列举如碳酸钠、碳酸钾等碱金属或碱土金属的碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐。这些碱性催化剂可单独使用或亦可将2种以上组合使用。
就将上述通式(21)的硝基还原的方法而言,可采用公知的方法,并无特别限制,例如有使用钯-碳、氧化铂、雷尼镍、铂-碳、铑-氧化铝、硫化铂碳、还原铁、氯化铁、锡、氯化锡、锌等作为催化剂,并使用氢气、联氨、氯化氢、氯化铵等作为氢原子源来进行的方法。尤其,考量副反应不易发生,可轻易地获得目标物的观点,为接触氢化较为理想。又,催化剂的使用量因为是根据氢源的种类、反应条件而适当地决定的,因此并不特别限定,但相对于二硝基化合物并按金属换算计通常为0.01摩尔%到50摩尔%,较理想为0.1摩尔%到20摩尔%。
就上述还原反应的反应溶剂而言,可使用不会对反应造成影响的溶剂。可列举如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯等酯系溶剂;甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烃溶剂;正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷等脂肪族烃溶剂;1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃、二噁烷等醚系溶剂;甲醇、乙醇等醇系溶剂;2-丁酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮等酮系溶剂;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜等非质子性极性溶剂;水等。这些溶剂可单独使用,或亦可将2种以上组合使用。
上述还原反应的反应温度为0~100℃较为理想,为10~50℃更为理想。又,就接触氢化而言,考量反应速度提升以及能以低温进行反应等的观点,使用高压釜等而在加压条件下进行较佳。
就理想的上述通式(19)表示的硝基苯酚化合物而言,可列举如2,3-二氟-4-硝基苯酚、2,3-二氟-5-硝基苯酚、2,3-二氟-6-硝基苯酚、2,4-二氟-5-硝基苯酚、2,4-二氟-3-硝基苯酚、2,4-二氟-6-硝基苯酚、2,5-二氟-4-硝基苯酚、2,5-二氟-3-硝基苯酚、2,5-二氟-6-硝基苯酚、2,6-二氟-4-硝基苯酚、2,6-二氟-3-硝基苯酚、3,4-二氟-2-硝基苯酚、3,4-二氟-5-硝基苯酚、3,4-二氟-6-硝基苯酚、3,5-二氟-2-硝基苯酚、3,5-二氟-4-硝基苯酚、2,3,4-三氟-5-硝基苯酚、2,3,4-三氟-6-硝基苯酚、2,3,5-三氟-4-硝基苯酚、2,3,5-三氟-6-硝基苯酚、2,3,6-三氟-4-硝基苯酚、2,3,6-三氟-5-硝基苯酚、2,4,5-三氟-3-硝基苯酚、2,4,5-三氟-6-硝基苯酚、2,4,6-三氟-3-硝基苯酚、2,3,4,5-四氟-6-硝基苯酚、2,3,4,6-四氟-5-硝基苯酚、2,3,5,6-四氟-4-硝基苯酚等,但并不限定于这些。
又就理想的上述通式(20)表示的二羟基化合物而言,可列举如邻苯二酚、间苯二酚、对苯二酚、4-氟邻苯二酚、5-氟间苯二酚、四氟对苯二酚、1,5-二羟基萘、2,6-二羟基萘、4,4’-联苯酚、八氟-4,4’-联苯酚、4,4’-二羟基二苯醚、双(4-羟基苯基)硫醚、4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二羟基二苯甲烷、1,4-苯二甲醇、4-羟基苄醇、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸、双(4-羟基苯基)砜、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、1,4-双(4-羟基苯氧基)苯、4,4’-(2,6-萘二基双(氧基))双酚、4,4’-(1,1’-联苯基-4,4’-二基双(氧基))双酚、4,4’-双(4-羟基苯氧基)二苯砜、2,2’-双(4-(4-羟基苯氧基)苯基)丙烷、2,2’-双(4-(4-羟基苯氧基)苯基)六氟丙烷、1,4-双(2-(4-羟基苯基)-2-丙基)苯、9,9’-双(4-羟基苯基)芴、1,1’-双(4-羟基苯基)环己烷、9H-咔唑-2,7-二醇、芴-2,7-二醇、2,7-二羟基-9,10-蒽二酮、2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1,2-二醇、2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2,5-二醇、2,3-二氢-1-(4-羟基苯基)-1,3,3-三甲基-1H-茚-5-醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,4-环己二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、4,4’-亚甲基双(环己醇)、5-羟基-1,3,3-三甲基环己甲醇、双环(2,2,1)庚烷-2,5-二醇、双环(2,2,1)庚烷-2,5-二甲醇、1,3-金刚烷二醇、3-(羟甲基)-1-金刚烷醇、1,3-金刚烷二甲醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、二丁二醇、2-(2-(2-羟基丙氧基)丙氧基)-1-丙醇、3,3’-(1,2-乙烷二基双(氧基))双-1-丙醇、3,3’-(1,4-亚苯基双(二甲基亚硅基))双-1-丙醇、3,3’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二硅氧烷二基)双-1-丙醇等,但并不限定于这些。
另一方面,如上述般,本发明的聚合物除了上述通式(1)表示的结构单元以外,可更含有下列结构单元(3),可更含有下列结构单元(4)较为理想。
式中,X2、Z1及k与上述相同。
式中,X2、Z2及k与上述相同。
包含上述通式(4)表示的结构单元的聚合物,可通过使下列通式(22)表示的二羧酸化合物与上述通式(18)表示的二胺进行反应来获得。
式中,X2与上述相同。
在此,包含结构单元(4)的聚合物,例如可通过使上述通式(22)表示的二羧酸化合物与上述通式(18)表示的二胺在脱水缩合剂存在下进行反应来获得。亦即,上述通式(22)表示的二羧酸化合物是于反应溶剂中以溶解后的状态使用于反应中,并在此反应溶液中,于冰冷条件下投入并混合已知的脱水缩合剂(例如二环己基碳二亚胺、1-乙氧基羰基-2-乙氧基-1,2-二氢喹啉、1,1-羰基二氧基-二-1,2,3-苯并三唑、N,N’-二琥珀酰亚氨基碳酸酯等),将上述通式(22)表示的二羧酸化合物制成酸酐后,将使上述通式(18)表示的二胺于其他溶剂中溶解或分散后所得者滴加投入至其中,使其聚缩合,借此可获得包含结构单元(4)的聚合物。
又,就使上述通式(22)表示的二羧酸化合物与上述通式(18)表示的二胺(二胺化合物)进行反应而获得包含结构单元(4)的聚合物的其他方法而言,可列举如使用氯化亚砜或二氯草酸等氯化剂将上述通式(22)表示的二羧酸化合物转换为酰氯,再使其与上述通式(18)表示的二胺进行反应借此合成的方法。
将上述二羧酸化合物使用氯化剂转换成酰氯的反应中,亦可更使用碱性化合物。就此碱性化合物而言,例如可使用吡啶、N,N-二甲基-4-氨基吡啶、三乙胺等。
然后,通过使获得的二羧酸化合物的酰氯与上述通式(18)表示的二胺在碱性催化剂存在下进行反应,可获得目标的包含结构单元(4)的聚合物。此时,就碱性催化剂而言,可列举如吡啶、N,N-二甲基-4-氨基吡啶、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]九-5-烯等。这些碱性催化剂可单独使用,或亦可将2种以上组合使用。
制造本发明的聚合物的方法中,就经由酰氯的方法中所使用的有机溶剂而言,较理想为会将通过上述二羧酸化合物及其酰氯、与二胺类的聚缩合反应所获得的聚合物充分溶解者。具体而言,可列举如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四甲基脲、六甲基磷酸三酰胺、γ-丁内酯等极性溶剂。又,除了极性溶剂以外,亦可使用酮类、酯类、内酯类、醚类、卤化烃类、烃类等。可列举如丙酮、二乙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、草酸二乙酯、丙二酸二乙酯、二乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,4-二氯丁烷、三氯乙烷、氯苯、邻二氯苯、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等。这些有机溶剂可单独使用,或将2种以上组合使用。
就上述通式(22)表示的二羧酸化合物中的X2的理想例而言,可列举如与上述相同的例子。
又,就上述通式(22)表示的二羧酸化合物而言,可列举如丙二酸、二甲基丙二酸、乙基丙二酸、异丙基丙二酸、二正丁基丙二酸、琥珀酸、四氟琥珀酸、甲基琥珀酸、2,2-二甲基琥珀酸、2,3-二甲基琥珀酸、二甲基甲基琥珀酸、戊二酸、六氟戊二酸、2-甲基戊二酸、3-甲基戊二酸、2,2-二甲基戊二酸、3,3-二甲基戊二酸、3-乙基-3-甲基戊二酸、己二酸、2-甲基己二酸、3-甲基己二酸、八氟己二酸、庚二酸、2,2,6,6-四甲基庚二酸、辛二酸、十二氟辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十六氟癸二酸、1,9-壬二酸、十二烷二酸、十三烷二酸、十四烷二酸、十五烷二酸、十六烷二酸、十七烷二酸、十八烷二酸、十九烷二酸、二十烷二酸、二十一烷二酸、二十二烷二酸、二十三烷二酸、二十四烷二酸、二十五烷二酸、二十六烷二酸、二十七烷二酸、二十八烷二酸、二十九烷二酸、三十烷二酸、三十一烷二酸、三十二烷二酸、二乙醇酸等。
又,就具有芳香环的二羧酸化合物而言,可列举如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、4,4’-二苯醚二甲酸、3,4’-二苯醚二甲酸、3,3’-二苯醚二甲酸、4,4’-联苯二甲酸、3,4’-联苯二甲酸、3,3’-联苯二甲酸、4,4’-二苯甲酮二羧酸、3,4’-二苯甲酮二羧酸、3,3’-二苯甲酮二羧酸、4,4’-六氟异亚丙基二苯甲酸、4,4’-二羧基二苯基酰胺、1,4-亚苯基二乙酸、双(4-羧基苯基)硫醚、2,2-双(4-羧基苯基)-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷、双(4-羧基苯基)四苯基二硅氧烷、双(4-羧基苯基)四甲基二硅氧烷、双(4-羧基苯基)砜、双(4-羧基苯基)甲烷、5-叔丁基间苯二甲酸、5-溴间苯二甲酸、5-氟间苯二甲酸、5-氯间苯二甲酸、2,2-双-(对羧基苯基)丙烷、2,6-萘二羧酸等,但并不限定于这些。又,这些可单独使用,或亦可混合使用。
(聚合物的分子量及封端剂的导入)
上述碱可溶性树脂的理想的分子量较理想为5,000~100,000,更理想为7,000~50,000。若分子量为5,000以上,将使用了上述碱可溶性树脂作为基础树脂的感光性树脂组成物在基板上成膜为所期望的膜厚会变容易,若分子量为100,000以下,该感光性树脂组成物的粘度不会变得太高,不会有无法成膜的疑虑。
上述碱可溶性树脂,考量缩聚合反应时分子量的控制、获得的聚合物的经时的分子量变化,亦即抑制凝胶化的目的,可通过封端剂将两末端予以封端。就与酸二酐反应的封端剂而言,可列举如单胺、一元醇等。又,就与二胺化合物反应的封端剂而言,酸酐、单羧酸、单酰氯化合物、单活性酯化合物、二碳酸酯类、乙烯醚类等。又,通过使封端剂进行反应,可将各种有机基团导入而作为末端基团。
就使用作为酸酐基团末端的封端剂的单胺而言,可列举如苯胺、5-氨基-8-羟基喹啉、4-氨基-8-羟基喹啉、1-羟基-8-氨基萘、1-羟基-7-氨基萘、1-羟基-6-氨基萘、1-羟基-5-氨基萘、1-羟基-4-氨基萘、1-羟基-3-氨基萘、1-羟基-2-氨基萘、1-氨基-7-羟基萘、2-羟基-7-氨基萘、2-羟基-6-氨基萘、2-羟基-5-氨基萘、2-羟基-4-氨基萘、2-羟基-3-氨基萘、1-氨基-2-羟基萘、1-羧基-8-氨基萘、1-羧基-7-氨基萘、1-羧基-6-氨基萘、1-羧基-5-氨基萘、1-羧基-4-氨基萘、1-羧基-3-氨基萘、1-羧基-2-氨基萘、1-氨基-7-羧基萘、2-羧基-7-氨基萘、2-羧基-6-氨基萘、2-羧基-5-氨基萘、2-羧基-4-氨基萘、2-羧基-3-氨基萘、1-氨基-2-羧基萘、2-氨基烟碱酸、4-氨基烟碱酸、5-氨基烟碱酸、6-氨基烟碱酸、4-氨基水杨酸、5-氨基水杨酸、6-氨基水杨酸、三聚氰酸一酰胺、2-氨基苯甲酸、3-氨基苯甲酸、4-氨基苯甲酸、2-氨基苯磺酸、3-氨基苯磺酸、4-氨基苯磺酸、3-氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶、2-氨基苯酚、3-氨基苯酚、4-氨基苯酚、5-氨基-8-巯基喹啉、4-氨基-8-巯基喹啉、1-巯基-8-氨基萘、1-巯基-7-氨基萘、1-巯基-6-氨基萘、1-巯基-5-氨基萘、1-巯基-4-氨基萘、1-巯基-3-氨基萘、1-巯基-2-氨基萘、1-氨基-7-巯基萘、2-巯基-7-氨基萘、2-巯基-6-氨基萘、2-巯基-5-氨基萘、2-巯基-4-氨基萘、2-巯基-3-氨基萘、1-氨基-2-巯基萘、3-氨基-4,6-二巯基嘧啶、2-氨基硫基苯酚、3-氨基硫基苯酚、4-氨基硫基苯酚、2-乙炔基苯胺、3-乙炔基苯胺、4-乙炔基苯胺、2,4-二乙炔基苯胺、2,5-二乙炔基苯胺、2,6-二乙炔基苯胺、3,4-二乙炔基苯胺、3,5-二乙炔基苯胺、1-乙炔基-2-氨基萘、1-乙炔基-3-氨基萘、1-乙炔基-4-氨基萘、1-乙炔基-5-氨基萘、1-乙炔基-6-氨基萘、1-乙炔基-7-氨基萘、1-乙炔基-8-氨基萘、2-乙炔基-1-氨基萘、2-乙炔基-3-氨基萘、2-乙炔基-4-氨基萘、2-乙炔基-5-氨基萘、2-乙炔基-6-氨基萘、2-乙炔基-7-氨基萘、2-乙炔基-8-氨基萘、3,5-二乙炔基-1-氨基萘、3,5-二乙炔基-2-氨基萘、3,6-二乙炔基-1-氨基萘、3,6-二乙炔基-2-氨基萘、3,7-二乙炔基-1-氨基萘、3,7-二乙炔基-2-氨基萘、4,8-二乙炔基-1-氨基萘、4,8-二乙炔基-2-氨基萘、4-氟苯胺、3-氟苯胺、2-氟苯胺、2,4-二氟苯胺、3,4-二氟苯胺、2,4,6-三氟苯胺、2,3,4-三氟苯胺、五氟苯胺等,但并不限定于这些。这些可单独使用1种,亦可将2种以上并用。
另一方面,就使用作为酸酐基团末端的封端剂的一元醇而言,可列举如甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、1-戊醇、2-戊醇、3-戊醇、1-己醇、2-己醇、3-己醇、1-庚醇、2-庚醇、3-庚醇、1-辛醇、2-辛醇、3-辛醇、1-壬醇、2-壬醇、1-癸醇、2-癸醇、1-十一烷醇、2-十一烷醇、1-十二烷醇、2-十二烷醇、1-十三烷醇、2-十三烷醇、1-十四烷醇、2-十四烷醇、1-十五烷醇、2-十五烷醇、1-十六烷醇、2-十六烷醇、1-十七烷醇、2-十七烷醇、1-十八烷醇、2-十八烷醇、1-十九烷醇、2-十九烷醇、1-二十烷醇、2-甲基-1-丙醇、2-甲基-2-丙醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、2-甲基-2-丁醇、3-甲基-2-丁醇、2-丙基-1-戊醇、2-乙基-1-己醇、4-甲基-3-庚醇、6-甲基-2-庚醇、2,4,4-三甲基-1-己醇、2,6-二甲基-4-庚醇、异壬基醇、3,7二甲基-3-辛醇、2,4二甲基-1-庚醇、2-庚基十一烷醇、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单丁醚、丙二醇1-甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、环戊醇、环己醇、单羟甲基环戊烷、单羟甲基二环戊烷、单羟甲基三环癸烷、降冰片、萜品醇等,但并不限定于这些。又,这些可单独使用1种,亦可将2种以上并用。
就使用作为氨基末端的封端剂的酸酐、单羧酸、单酰氯、及单活性酯化合物而言,可列举如邻苯二甲酸酐、马来酸酐、纳迪克酸酐、环己烷二羧酸酐、3-羟基苯二甲酸酐等酸酐;2-羧基苯酚、3-羧基苯酚、4-羧基苯酚、2-羧基硫基苯酚、3-羧基硫基苯酚、4-羧基硫基苯酚、1-羟基-8-羧基萘、1-羟基-7-羧基萘、1-羟基-6-羧基萘、1-羟基-5-羧基萘、1-羟基-4-羧基萘、1-羟基-3-羧基萘、1-羟基-2-羧基萘、1-巯基-8-羧基萘、1-巯基-7-羧基萘、1-巯基-6-羧基萘、1-巯基-5-羧基萘、1-巯基-4-羧基萘、1-巯基-3-羧基萘、1-巯基-2-羧基萘、2-羧基苯磺酸、3-羧基苯磺酸、4-羧基苯磺酸、2-乙炔基苯甲酸、3-乙炔基苯甲酸、4-乙炔基苯甲酸、2,4-二乙炔基苯甲酸、2,5-二乙炔基苯甲酸、2,6-二乙炔基苯甲酸、3,4-二乙炔基苯甲酸、3,5-二乙炔基苯甲酸、2-乙炔基-1-萘甲酸、3-乙炔基-1-萘甲酸、4-乙炔基-1-萘甲酸、5-乙炔基-1-萘甲酸、6-乙炔基-1-萘甲酸、7-乙炔基-1-萘甲酸、8-乙炔基-1-萘甲酸、2-乙炔基-2-萘甲酸、3-乙炔基-2-萘甲酸、4-乙炔基-2-萘甲酸、5-乙炔基-2-萘甲酸、6-乙炔基-2-萘甲酸、7-乙炔基-2-萘甲酸、8-乙炔基-2-萘甲酸等单羧酸类以及它们的羧基被酰氯化后的单酰氯化合物;及对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、马来酸、环己烷二羧酸、3-羟基苯二甲酸、5-降冰片烯-2,3-二羧酸、1,2-二羧基萘、1,3-二羧基萘、1,4-二羧基萘、1,5-二羧基萘、1,6-二羧基萘、1,7-二羧基萘、1,8-二羧基萘、2,3-二羧基萘、2,6-二羧基萘、2,7-二羧基萘等二羧酸类的仅单羧基被酰氯化后的单酰氯化合物;通过单酰氯化合物与N-羟基苯并三唑、N-羟基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二羧基酰亚胺的反应所获得的活性酯化合物等。
就使用作为氨基末端的封端剂的二碳酸酯化合物而言,可列举如二碳酸二叔丁酯、二碳酸二苄酯、二碳酸二甲酯、二碳酸二乙酯等。
就使用作为氨基末端的封端剂的乙烯醚化合物而言,可列举如丁基乙烯醚、环己基乙烯醚、乙基乙烯醚、2-乙基己基乙烯醚、异丁基乙烯醚、异丙基乙烯醚、正丙基乙烯醚、叔丁基乙烯醚、苄基乙烯醚等。
就使用作为氨基末端的封端剂的其他化合物而言,可列举如苯甲酰氯、氯甲酸芴甲酯、氯甲酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯、氯甲酸-叔丁酯、氯甲酸正丁酯、氯甲酸异丁酯、氯甲酸苄酯、氯甲酸烯丙酯、氯甲酸乙酯、氯甲酸异丙酯等氯甲酸酯类;异氰酸丁酯、异氰酸1-萘酯、异氰酸十八烷酯、异氰酸苯酯等异氰酸酯化合物类;甲磺酰氯、对甲苯磺酰氯等。
酸酐基团末端的封端剂的导入比例,相对于相当为本发明的聚合物的原料亦即上述通式(17)的四羧酸二酐成分为0.1~60摩尔%的范围较为理想,为5~50摩尔%特别理想,为5~20摩尔%更甚理想。又,氨基末端的封端剂的导入比例,相对于二胺成分为0.1~100摩尔%的范围较为理想,为5~90摩尔%特别理想。又,亦可通过使复数的封端剂进行反应来导入复数的相异的末端基团。
[感光性树脂组成物]
接着,说明有关将本发明的聚合物作为基础树脂的感光性树脂组成物。本发明中,通过将上述本发明的聚合物作为基础树脂来使用,可获得正型感光性树脂组成物、负型感光性树脂组成物。
[正型感光性树脂组成物]
首先,针对将本发明的聚合物作为基础树脂的感光性树脂组成物中的可进行碱显影的正型感光性树脂组成物进行说明。本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物可设定成例如以下说明的2种形态,并不限定于这些。
本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物的第1形态包含:
(A)包含结构单元(1)的聚合物、或除了结构单元(1)以外更包含结构单元(3)的聚合物;
(B)因为光而产生酸且使对于碱性水溶液的溶解速度增大的感光剂,是具有醌二叠氮结构的化合物;及
(D)溶剂。
本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物中的(A)成分的包含结构单元(1)、或除了结构单元(1)以外更包含结构单元(3)的聚合物,含有如上述般至少被一个氟原子取代的苯酚性羟基。此苯酚性羟基通过氟原子的电子吸引性而酸性度变高。借此可获得对于是碱性水溶液的显影液的期望的碱溶解速度,在图案形成时,不会在图案的开口产生阻碍、不会在图案的底部观察到渣滓,不会有损及分辨率的疑虑。又通过氟原子的抑制分子间的相互作用的效果,会使聚合物的溶剂溶解性提升。
本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物中的(B)成分,是会因为光而产生酸且使对于碱性水溶液的溶解速度增大的感光剂,是具有醌二叠氮结构的化合物。就(B)成分而言,可列举如在分子中具有1,2-重氮萘醌(naphthoquinonediazide)磺酰基的化合物。
就分子中具有1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基的化合物而言,可列举如在分子中具有下列通式(23)或(24)表示的1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基的化合物。
就导入了上述1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基的化合物而言,具体来说,可理想地使用三羟基二苯甲酮或四羟基二苯甲酮、具有苯酚性羟基的下列通式(25)表示的镇定物分子(ballast molecule)或具有下式(30)表示的重复单元的重均分子量为2,000~20,000而较理想为3,000~10,000的范围的酚醛清漆树脂。亦即,将以下列举的具有苯酚性羟基的树脂、化合物的苯酚性羟基的氢原子以上述1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基取代后所得者可理想地使用作为(B)成分。
在此,R101~R106各自独立地为氢原子、甲基、下式(26)表示的基团或下式(27)表示的基团。w为0~2的整数、z为0~2的整数,z为0时,w为1或2。E,在z为0且w为1时,为氢原子、甲基、或下式(26)表示的基团;在z为0且w为2时,其中一者为亚甲基或下式(28)表示的基团,另一者为氢原子、甲基或下式(26)表示的基团;在z为1时,为亚甲基或下式(28)表示的基团。在z为2的情况,当w为1时,E为次甲基或下式(29)表示的基团;当w为2时,E的其中一者为亚甲基或下式(28)表示的基团,另一者为次甲基或下式(29)表示的基团。
式中,a1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6、及a7各自为0~3的整数,但a1+a2≤5、a3+a4≤4、a6+a7≤3。
此时,上式(25)的低核体(镇定物分子)是苯环数为2~20个,更理想为2~10个,更甚理想为3~6个;且苯酚性羟基数与苯环数的比例为0.5~2.5,更理想为0.7~2.0,更甚理想为0.8~1.5者较佳。
就此种低核体(镇定物分子)而言,具体可列举如下列者。
上述例示的低核体(镇定物分子)中,可理想地使用(B-3)、(B-29)、(B-33)、(B-38)等,将这些镇定物分子的苯酚性羟基的氢原子以1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基取代而成的化合物可理想地使用为本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物的(B)成分。
式中,mm为0~3的整数。
具有上述式(30)表示的重复单元的酚醛清漆树脂,可通过使下式(31)表示的苯酚类,具体而言为邻甲酚、间甲酚、对甲酚、3,5-二甲苯酚等中的至少1种的苯酚类,与醛类以一般方法进行缩合来合成。
式中,mm为0~3的整数。
此时,就醛类而言,可列举如甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛等,但为甲醛较佳。
另外,上式(31)表示的苯酚类与醛类的比例,按摩尔比计为0.2~2,尤其为0.3~2的比例较为理想。
就导入了上述1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基的化合物中的1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基的导入方法而言,使用以1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰氯与苯酚性羟基的碱催化剂所为的脱盐酸缩合反应较为理想。在上式(25)表示的镇定物分子、三羟基二苯甲酮或四羟基二苯甲酮的情况时,将苯酚性羟基的氢原子以1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基予以取代的比例为10~100摩尔%,为50~100摩尔%较为理想;在具有上式(30)表示的重复单元的酚醛清漆树脂的情况时,将苯酚性羟基的氢原子以1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基予以取代的比例为2~50摩尔%,为3~27摩尔%较为理想。
(B)成分的添加量,相对于(A)成分100质量份为1~50质量份,更理想为10~40质量份较佳。又,可使用(B)成分中的1种,或亦可将2种以上组合使用。
通过掺合此种(B)成分,在曝光前会因为(B)成分的抗溶解性而抑制对于碱性水溶液的溶解性,系统会成为碱不溶性,在曝光时(B)成分的感光剂会因为光而产生酸,对于碱性水溶液的溶解速度会增大,系统会成为碱可溶性。
亦即,在显影液中使用碱性水溶液时,因为未曝光部不会溶解于显影液中,而曝光部在显影液中可溶,所以变得可形成正型的图案。
然后,第1形态的正型感光性树脂组成物中的(D)成分为溶剂。(D)成分的溶剂只要是能溶解(A)成分及(B)成分者并不限定。就溶剂而言,可列举如环己酮、环戊酮、甲基-2-正戊酮等酮类;3-甲氧基丁醇、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、1-乙氧基-2-丙醇等醇类;丙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单乙醚、丙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚等醚类;丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、乳酸乙酯、丙酮酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙酸叔丁酯、丙酸叔丁酯、丙二醇-单-叔丁基醚乙酸酯、γ-丁内酯等酯类等,可使用这些的1种以上。尤其,为乳酸乙酯、环己酮、环戊酮、丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、γ-丁内酯或它们的混合溶剂较为理想。
(D)成分的掺合量,相对于(A)成分及(B)成分的掺合量的合计100质量份为50~2,000质量份较为理想,尤其为100~l,000质量份较为理想。
接着,针对本发明的第2形态的正型感光性树脂组成物作叙述。本发明的第2形态的正型感光性树脂组成物除了上述(A)、(B)、(D)成分以外,更包含(C)选自借甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的氨基缩合物、平均1分子中具有2个以上的羟甲基或烷氧羟甲基的苯酚化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成环氧丙基的化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成下列式(C-1)表示的取代基的化合物、及含有2个以上的下列式(C-2)表示的具有环氧丙基的氮原子的化合物中的1种或2种以上的交联剂。
式中,虚线表示键结,Rc表示碳数1~6的直链状、分枝状、或环状的烷基,s表示1或2。
本发明的第2形态的正型感光性树脂组成物的(A)成分、(B)成分可理想地用与上述第1形态的正型感光性树脂组成物相同者。
本发明的第2形态的正型感光性树脂组成物中的(C)成分选自借甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的氨基缩合物、平均1分子中具有2个以上的羟甲基或烷氧羟甲基(烷氧基甲基)的苯酚化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成环氧丙基的化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成下列式(C-1)表示的基团的化合物、及含有2个以上的下列式(C-2)表示的具有环氧丙基的氮原子的化合物中的1种或2种以上的交联剂。
式中,虚线表示键结,Rc表示碳数1~6的直链状、分枝状、或环状的烷基,s表示1或2。
就上述经甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的氨基缩合物而言,可列举如经甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的三聚氰胺缩合物、或经甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的脲缩合物。
就上述经甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的三聚氰胺缩合物的制备而言,例如先依循公知的方法将三聚氰胺单体以福马林进行羟甲基化来改性,或将其再以醇进行烷氧化来改性,以制得下列通式(32)所示的改性三聚氰胺。另外,就上述醇而言,为低级醇,例如碳数1~4的醇较为理想。
式中,R7可相同亦可相异,为羟甲基、包含碳数1~4的烷氧基的烷氧基甲基或氢原子,但至少1者是羟甲基或上述烷氧基甲基。
就上述R7而言,可列举如羟甲基、甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基等烷氧基甲基及氢原子等。
就以上述通式(32)表示的改性三聚氰胺而言,具体可列举如三甲氧基甲基单羟甲基三聚氰胺、二甲氧基甲基单羟甲基三聚氰胺、三羟甲基三聚氰胺、六羟甲基三聚氰胺、六甲氧基羟甲基三聚氰胺等。然后,将以上述通式(32)表示的改性三聚氰胺或其多聚物(例如二聚体、三聚体等寡聚物体)依循一般方法,与甲醛进行加成缩合聚合直到成为所期望的分子量为止,获得经甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的三聚氰胺缩合物。
又,就经上述甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的脲缩合物的制备而言,例如依循公知的方法,将所期望的分子量的脲缩合物以甲醛进行羟甲基化来改性,或将其再以醇进行烷氧化来改性。
就经上述甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的脲缩合物的具体例而言,可列举如甲氧基甲基化脲缩合物、乙氧基甲基化脲缩合物、丙氧基甲基化脲缩合物等。
另外,亦可将这些改性三聚氰胺缩合物及改性脲缩合物的1种或2种以上混合使用。
然后,就平均1分子中具有2个以上的羟甲基或烷氧羟甲基的苯酚化合物而言,可列举如(2-羟基-5-甲基)-1,3-苯二甲醇、2,2’,6,6’-四甲氧基甲基双酚A、以下式(C-3)~(C-7)表示的化合物等。
另外,上述交联剂可使用1种或将2种以上组合使用。
另一方面,就将多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成环氧丙基的化合物而言,可列举如将双酚A、三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷、1,1,1-三(4-羟基苯基)乙烷的羟基在碱存在下与环氧氯丙烷反应而借此获得的化合物。就将多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成环氧丙基的化合物的理想例而言,可列举如下式(C-8)~(C-14)表示的化合物。
式中,t是2≤t≤3。
可将这些多元苯酚的羟基经环氧丙氧基取代而得的化合物(多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成环氧丙基的化合物)的1种或2种作为交联剂来使用。
就将多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成下式(C-1)表示的取代基的化合物而言,可列举如含有2个以上的该取代基并以下列式(C-15)表示者。
式中,虚线表示键结。
式中,1≤u≤3。
另一方面,就含有2个以上的下列式(C-2)表示的具有环氧丙基的氮原子的化合物而言,可列举如下列式(C-16)表示者。
式中,虚线表示键结,Rc表示碳数1~6的直链状、分枝状、或环状的烷基,s表示1或2。
式中,U表示碳数2~12的直链状、分枝状、环状的亚烷基、或2价的芳香族基团。
就上述式(C-16)表示的化合物而言,可例示如下列式(C-17)~(C-20)表示的化合物。
又,另一方面,就含有2个以上的上述式(C-2)表示的具有环氧丙基的氮原子的化合物而言,可理想地使用下列式(C-21)表示的化合物。
可将这些含有2个以上的上述式(C-2)表示的具有环氧丙基的氮原子的化合物的1种或2种使用作为交联剂。
(C)成分是在使用了本发明的聚酰亚胺前驱体的聚合物的正型感光性树脂组成物的图案形成后,会在后硬化时发生交联反应,而使硬化物的强度更为提升的成分。此种(C)成分的重均分子量考量光硬化性及耐热性的观点,为150~10,000较为理想,尤其为200~3,000较为理想。
(C)成分的掺合量,在本发明的第2形态的正型感光性树脂组成物中相对于(A)成分100质量份为0.5~50质量份较为理想,尤其为1~30质量份较为理想。
又,就本发明的第2形态的正型感光性树脂组成物中的(D)成分的溶剂而言,可列举如与第1形态的正型感光性树脂组成物中说明的溶剂相同的溶剂作为理想例。
本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物可更包含(E)因为热而产生酸的化合物。(E)成分的因为热而产生酸的化合物可出于以下目的而添加:在上述图案形成后于施以温度100~300℃的加热、后硬化步骤中,以热来促进与(A)成分的交联反应。
就(E)成分而言,尤以在直到利用显影来形成图案为止皆不会促进膜的硬化,且不会阻碍图案形成者较为理想。为了实现这点,(E)成分为在将感光性树脂组成物予以涂膜后,在将溶剂除去、干燥的步骤的温度下不会产生酸,并因为图案形成后的热处理才开始产生酸而促进正型感光性树脂组成物的图案、被膜的硬化较为理想。具体而言,较佳为会因为100℃~300℃,更理想为150℃~300℃的热处理而分解并产生酸的化合物较为理想。通过含有此种(E)成分,在将正型感光性树脂组成物的图案、被膜于图案形成后施以的温度100~300℃下进行加热、后硬化的步骤中,可使其成为交联、硬化反应充分进行而得的图案、被膜。(E)成分,通过使交联、硬化反应更进一步地进行,可使获得的图案或被膜的机械强度、耐药品性、密接性等更为提升。
就理想的因为热而产生酸的化合物而言,并不特别限定,可使用日本特开2007-199653号公报的段落[0061]~[0085]中记载的化合物。
因为热而产生酸的化合物的掺合量,相对于本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物中的(A)成分100质量份为0.1质量份以上较为理想,为0.5质量份以上更为理想,又,为30质量份以下较为理想,为10质量份以下更为理想。
又,本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物中,亦可更含有(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分、(D)成分、及(E)成分以外的成分。就其他成分而言,可列举如密接助剂、(F)表面活性剂等,就(F)表面活性剂而言,可理想地使用下列例示的化合物等。
就(F)表面活性剂而言,为非离子性者较为理想,例如氟系表面活性剂,具体可列举如的全氟烷基聚氧乙烯乙醇、氟化烷基酯、全氟烷基胺氧化物、含氟有机硅氧烷系化合物、含聚氧亚烷基的有机硅氧烷系化合物等。
就这些表面活性剂而言,可使用市售品,可列举如Fluorad“FC-4430”(住友3M(股)制)、Surflon“S-141”及“S-145”(以上,旭玻璃(股)制)、UNIDYNE“DS-401”、“DS-4031”及“DS-451”(以上,大金工业(股)制)、Megafac“F-8151”(DIC(股)制)、“X-70-093”及“KP-341”(以上,信越化学工业(股)制)等。这些当中以Fluorad“FC-4430”(住友3M(股)制)、“X-70-093”及“KP-341”(信越化学工业(股)制)较为理想。
[负型感光性树脂组成物]
针对将本发明的聚合物作为基础树脂而得的感光性树脂组成物中,可进行碱显影的负型感光性树脂组成物进行说明。本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物,例如可设定为以下所说明的形态,但并不限定于这些。
本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物包含:
(A’)包含结构单元(1)的聚合物、或除了结构单元(1)以外更包含结构单元(3)的聚合物;
(B’)光酸产生剂;
(C)选自借甲醛或甲醛-醇改性的氨基缩合物、平均1分子中具有2个以上的羟甲基或烷氧羟甲基的苯酚化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成环氧丙基的化合物、多元苯酚的羟基的氢原子取代成下列式(C-1)表示的取代基的化合物、及含有2个以上的下列式(C-2)表示的具有环氧丙基的氮原子的化合物中的1种或2种以上的交联剂;及
(D)溶剂;
式中,虚线表示键结,Rc表示碳数1~6的直链状、分枝状、或环状的烷基,s表示1或2。
负型感光性树脂组成物的(A’)成分是包含结构单元(1)的聚合物、或除了结构单元(1)以外更包含结构单元(3)的聚合物。
负型感光性树脂组成物,可通过将由(B’)成分产生的酸作为催化剂,并通过(C)成分的交联基团与(A’)成分的聚合物进行交联,来形成负型的感光性树脂组成物。
负型感光性树脂组成物的(B’)成分是光酸产生剂。就光酸产生剂而言,可使用会因为波长190~500nm的光照射而产生酸并成为硬化催化剂者。可列举如鎓盐、二偶氮甲烷衍生物、乙二肟衍生物、β-酮砜衍生物、二砜衍生物、硝基苄基磺酸酯衍生物、磺酸酯衍生物、酰亚胺-基-磺酸酯衍生物、肟磺酸酯衍生物、亚氨基磺酸酯衍生物、三嗪衍生物等。
就上述鎓盐而言,可列举如下列通式(33)表示的化合物。
(R8)jM+K- (33)
式中,R8表示亦可有取代基的碳数1~12的直链状、分支状、或环状的烷基、碳数6~12的芳基或碳数7~12的芳烷基,M+表示錪或锍,K-表示非亲核性相对离子,j表示2或3。
上述R8中,就烷基而言,可列举如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、环己基、2-氧代基环己基、降莰基、金刚烷基等。就芳基而言,可列举如苯基;邻、间或对甲氧基苯基、乙氧苯基、间或对叔丁氧基苯基等烷氧基苯基;2-、3-或4-甲基苯基、乙基苯基、4-叔丁基苯基、4-丁基苯基、二甲基苯基等烷基苯基等。就芳烷基而言,可列举如苄基、苯乙基等各种基团。
就K-的非亲核性相对离子而言,可列举如氯化物离子、溴化物离子等卤化离子;三氟甲磺酸根、1,1,1-三氟乙磺酸根、九氟丁磺酸根等氟烷基磺酸根;甲苯磺酸根、苯磺酸根、4-氟苯磺酸根、1,2,3,4,5-五氟苯磺酸根等芳基磺酸根;甲磺酸根、丁烷磺酸根等烷基磺酸根等。
就二偶氮甲烷衍生物而言,可列举如下列通式(34)表示的化合物。
式中,R9可相同亦可相异地表示碳数1~12的直链状、分支状、或环状的烷基或卤化烷基、碳数6~12的芳基或卤化芳基、或碳数7~12的芳烷基。
上述R9中,就烷基而言,可列举如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、环戊基、环己基、降莰基、金刚烷基等。就卤化烷基而言,可列举如三氟甲基、1,1,1-三氟乙基、1,1,1-三氯乙基、九氟丁基等。就芳基而言,可列举如苯基;邻、间或对甲氧基苯基、乙氧基苯基、间或对叔丁氧基苯基等烷氧苯基;2-、3-或4-甲基苯基、乙基苯基、4-叔丁基苯基、4-丁基苯基、二甲基苯基等烷基苯基等。就卤化芳基而言,可列举如氟苯基、氯苯基、1,2,3,4,5-五氟苯基等。就芳烷基而言,可列举如苄基、苯乙基等。
就此种光酸产生剂而言,具体而言,可列举如三氟甲磺酸二苯基錪、三氟甲磺酸(对叔丁氧基苯基)苯基錪、对甲苯磺酸二苯基錪、对甲苯磺酸(对叔丁氧基苯基)苯基錪、三氟甲磺酸三苯基锍、三氟甲磺酸(对叔丁氧基苯基)二苯基锍、三氟甲磺酸双(对叔丁氧基苯基)苯基锍、三氟甲磺酸三(对叔丁氧基苯基)锍、对甲苯磺酸三苯基锍、对甲苯磺酸(对叔丁氧基苯基)二苯基锍、对甲苯磺酸双(对叔丁氧基苯基)苯基锍、对甲苯磺酸三(对叔丁氧基苯基)锍、九氟丁烷磺酸三苯基锍、丁烷磺酸三苯基锍、三氟甲磺酸三甲基锍、对甲苯磺酸三甲基锍、三氟甲磺酸环己基甲基(2-氧代基环己基)锍、对甲苯磺酸环己基甲基(2-氧代基环己基)锍、三氟甲磺酸二甲基苯基锍、对甲苯磺酸二甲基苯基锍、三氟甲磺酸二环己基苯基锍、对甲苯磺酸二环己基苯基锍、二苯基(4-硫基苯氧基苯基)锍六氟锑酸盐等鎓盐;双(苯磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(对甲苯磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(二甲苯磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(环己基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(环戊基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(正丁基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(异丁基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(仲丁基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(正丙基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(异丙基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(叔丁基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(正戊基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(异戊基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(仲戊基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、双(叔戊基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、1-环己基磺酰基-1-(叔丁基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、1-环己基磺酰基-1-(叔戊基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷、1-叔戊基磺酰基-1-(叔丁基磺酰基)二偶氮甲烷等二偶氮甲烷衍生物;双-邻(对甲苯磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(对甲苯磺酰基)-α-二苯基乙二肟、双-邻(对甲苯磺酰基)-α-二环己基乙二肟、双-邻(对甲苯磺酰基)-2,3-戊烷二酮乙二肟、双-(对甲苯磺酰基)-2-甲基-3,4-戊烷二酮乙二肟、双-邻(正丁烷磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(正丁烷磺酰基)-α-二苯基乙二肟、双-邻(正丁烷磺酰基)-α-二环己基乙二肟、双-邻(正丁烷磺酰基)-2,3-戊烷二酮乙二肟、双-邻(正丁烷磺酰基)-2-甲基-3,4-戊烷二酮乙二肟、双-邻(甲烷磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(三氟甲烷磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(1,1,1-三氟乙烷磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(叔丁烷磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(全氟辛烷磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(环己烷磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(苯磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(对氟苯磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(对叔丁基苯磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(二甲苯磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟、双-邻(樟脑磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟等乙二肟衍生物;α-(苯锍氧基亚氨基)-4-甲基苯基乙腈等肟磺酸酯衍生物;2-环己基羰基-2-(对甲苯磺酰基)丙烷、2-异丙基羰基-2-(对甲苯磺酰基)丙烷等β-酮砜衍生物;二苯基二砜、二环己基二砜等二砜衍生物;对甲苯磺酸2,6-二硝基苄酯、对甲苯磺酸2,4-二硝基苄酯等磺酸硝基苄酯衍生物;1,2,3-三(甲烷磺酰基氧基)苯、1,2,3-三(三氟甲烷磺酰基氧基)苯、1,2,3-三(对甲苯磺酰基氧基)苯等磺酸酯衍生物;邻苯二甲酰亚胺-基-三氟甲磺酸酯、邻苯二甲酰亚胺-基-甲苯磺酸酯、5-降冰片烯2,3-二羧基酰亚胺-基-三氟甲磺酸酯、5-降冰片烯2,3-二羧基酰亚胺-基-甲苯磺酸酯、5-降冰片烯2,3-二羧基酰亚胺-基-正丁基磺酸酯、正三氟甲基磺酰基氧基萘基酰亚胺等酰亚胺-基-磺酸酯衍生物;(5-(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基氧基亚氨基-5H-噻吩-2-亚基)-(2-甲基苯基)乙腈、(5-(4-(4-甲基苯基磺酰基氧基)苯基磺酰基氧基亚氨基)-5H-噻吩-2-亚基)-(2-甲基苯基)-乙腈等亚氨基磺酸酯衍生物;2-(甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-均三嗪、2-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙烯基]-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-均三嗪、2-[2-(呋喃-2-基)乙烯基]-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-均三嗪、2-[2-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)乙烯基]-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-均三嗪等三嗪衍生物、2-甲基-2[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]-1-[(4-甲硫基)苯基]-1-丙烷等。这些当中,可理想地使用酰亚胺-基-磺酸酯类、亚氨基磺酸酯类、肟磺酸酯类等。上述光酸产生剂可使用1种或2种以上。
上述(B’)成分的光酸产生剂的掺合量,考量光酸产生剂本身的光吸收以及在厚膜的光硬化性的观点,在本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物中,相对于(A’)成分100质量份为0.05~20质量份较为理想,尤以0.2~5质量份较为理想。
本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物的(C)成分,可较理想地使用与在正型感光性树脂组成物的第2形态中说明过的(C)成分相同的交联剂。
本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物的(C)成分,如上述,不仅是能通过将从(B’)成分产生的酸作为催化剂,并通过(C)成分的交联基团与(A’)成分的聚合物进行交联来形成负型的图案,更是会在图案形成后于后硬化中发生交联反应,而使硬化的强度更为上升的成分。此种(C)成分的重均分子量,考量光硬化性及耐热性的观点,为150~10,000较为理想,尤以200~3,000较为理想。
(C)成分,是在使用了本发明的聚合物的负型感光性树脂组成物的图案形成后,会于后硬化中发生交联反应,而使硬化物的强度更为上升的成分。此种(C)成分的重均分子量,考量光硬化性及耐热性的观点,为150~10,000较为理想,尤以200~3,000较为理想。
(C)成分的掺合量,在本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物中,相对于(A’)成分100质量份为0.5~50质量份较为理想,尤以1~30质量份较为理想。
就(D)成分的溶剂而言,可较理想地使用在上述正型感光性树脂组成物中例示的溶剂。
(D)成分的掺合量,相对于(A’)成分及(B’)成分的掺合量的合计100质量份为50~2,000质量份较为理想,尤以100~1,000质量份较为理想。
在本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物中也一样,亦可更含有(A’)成分、(B’)成分、(C)成分、及(D)成分以外的其他成分。就其他成分而言,可列举如密接助剂、用于使保存稳定性提高的聚合抑制剂、以改善涂布性能为目的而含有的(F)表面活性剂等,就(F)表面活性剂而言,可理想地使用上述所例示的化合物等。
本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物中,视需要可添加碱性化合物作为(G)成分。就此碱性化合物而言,适合使用能抑制由光酸产生剂所产生的酸在抗蚀剂皮膜扩散时的扩散速度的化合物。又,通过上述碱性化合物的掺合,能使分辨率提升,能抑制曝光后的感度变化,能使基板、环境相依性变小,还能改善曝光余裕度、图案形状等。
就上述碱性化合物而言,可列举如一级、二级、三级脂肪族胺类、混成胺类、芳香族胺类、杂环胺类、具羧基的含氮化合物、具磺酰基的含氮化合物、具羟基的含氮化合物、具羟基苯基的含氮化合物、醇性含氮化合物、酰胺衍生物、酰亚胺衍生物、还有下列通式(35)表示的化合物等。
N(α)q(β)3-q (35)
式中,q=1、2、或3。侧链α可相同亦可相异,是下列通式(36)~(38)表示的任意取代基。侧链β可相同亦可相异,表示氢原子、或直链状、分支状或环状的碳数1~20的烷基,亦可含有醚键或羟基。又,侧链α之间亦可键结而形成环。
在此,R300、R302、R305是碳数1~4的直链状或分支状的亚烷基,R301、R304是氢原子或碳数1~20的直链状、分支状或环状的烷基,亦可含有1或复数个羟基、醚键、酯键、内酯环。R303是单键或碳数1~4的直链状或分支状的亚烷基,R306是碳数1~20的直链状、分支状或环状的烷基,亦可含有1或复数个羟基、醚键、酯键、内酯环。另外,*表示键结末端。
就一级脂肪族胺类而言,例示如甲胺、乙胺、正丙胺、异丙胺、正丁胺、异丁胺、仲丁胺、叔丁胺、戊胺、叔戊胺、环戊胺、己胺、环己胺、庚胺、辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十二胺、十六胺、亚甲基二胺、亚乙基二胺、四亚乙基五胺等。
就二级脂肪族胺类而言,例示如二甲胺、二乙胺、二正丙胺、二异丙胺、二正丁胺、二异丁胺、二仲丁胺、二戊胺、二环戊胺、二己胺、二环己胺、二庚胺、二辛胺、二壬胺、二癸胺、双十二烷基胺、双十六烷基胺、N,N-二甲基亚甲基二胺、N,N-二甲基亚乙基二胺、N,N-二甲基四亚乙基五胺等。
就三级脂肪族胺类而言,例示如三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丙胺、三异丙胺、三正丁胺、三异丁胺、三仲丁胺、三戊胺、三环戊胺、三己胺、三环己胺、三庚胺、三辛胺、三壬胺、三癸胺、三(十二烷基)胺、三(十六烷基)胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基亚甲基二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基亚乙基二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基四亚乙基五胺等。
就混成胺类而言,例示如二甲基乙胺、甲基乙基丙胺、苄胺、苯乙胺、苄基二甲胺等。
就芳香族胺类及杂环胺类而言,例示如苯胺衍生物(例如苯胺、N-甲基苯胺、N-乙基苯胺、N-丙基苯胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、2-甲基苯胺、3-甲基苯胺、4-甲基苯胺、乙基苯胺、丙基苯胺、三甲基苯胺、2-硝基苯胺、3-硝基苯胺、4-硝基苯胺、2,4-二硝基苯胺、2,6-二硝基苯胺、3,5-二硝基苯胺、N,N-二甲基甲苯胺等)、二苯基(对甲苯基)胺、甲基二苯胺、三苯胺、亚苯基二胺、萘胺、二氨基萘、吡咯衍生物(例如吡咯、2H-吡咯、1-甲基吡咯、2,4-二甲基吡咯、2,5-二甲基吡咯、N-甲基吡咯等)、噁唑衍生物(例如噁唑、异噁唑等)、噻唑衍生物(例如噻唑、异噻唑等)、咪唑衍生物(例如咪唑、4-甲基咪唑、4-甲基-2-苯基咪唑等)、吡唑衍生物、呋咱衍生物、吡咯啉衍生物(例如吡咯啉、2-甲基-1-吡咯啉等)、吡咯烷衍生物(例如、吡咯烷、N-甲基吡咯烷、吡咯烷酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等)、咪唑啉衍生物、咪唑啉啶衍生物、吡啶衍生物(例如吡啶、甲基吡啶、乙基吡啶、丙基吡啶、丁基吡啶、4-(1-丁基戊基)吡啶、二甲基吡啶、三甲基吡啶、三乙基吡啶、苯基吡啶、3-甲基-2-苯基吡啶、4-叔丁基吡啶、二苯基吡啶、苄基吡啶、甲氧基吡啶、丁氧基吡啶、二甲氧基吡啶、1-甲基-2-吡啶、4-吡咯烷基吡啶、1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶、2-(1-乙基丙基)吡啶、氨基吡啶、二甲基氨基吡啶等)、哒嗪衍生物、嘧啶衍生物、吡嗪衍生物、吡唑啉衍生物、吡唑烷衍生物、哌啶衍生物、哌嗪衍生物、吗啉衍生物、吲哚衍生物、异吲哚衍生物、1H-吲唑衍生物、吲哚啉衍生物、喹啉衍生物(例如、喹啉、3-喹啉碳化腈等)、异喹啉衍生物、噌啉衍生物、喹唑啉衍生物、喹喔啉衍生物、酞嗪衍生物、嘌呤衍生物、蝶啶衍生物、咔唑衍生物、菲啶衍生物、吖啶衍生物、吩嗪衍生物、1,10-邻二氮菲衍生物、腺嘌呤衍生物、腺苷衍生物、鸟嘌呤衍生物、鸟苷衍生物、脲嘧啶衍生物、脲苷衍生物等。
就具有羧基的含氮化合物而言,例示如氨基苯甲酸、吲哚羧酸、氨基酸衍生物(例如烟碱酸、丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、甘氨酰亮氨酸、亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸、3-氨基吡嗪-2-羧酸、甲氧基丙氨酸等)等。
就具有磺酰基的含氮化合物而言,例示如3-吡啶磺酸、对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓等。
就具有羟基的含氮化合物,具有羟基苯基的含氮化合物、醇性含氮化合物而言,例示如2-羟基吡啶、氨基甲酚、2,4-喹啉二醇、3-吲哚甲醇水合物、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、N-乙基二乙醇胺、N,N-二乙基乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、2,2’-亚氨基二乙醇、2-氨基乙醇、3-氨基-1-丙醇、4-氨基-1-丁醇、4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉、2-(2-羟乙基)吡啶、1-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪、1-[2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙基]哌嗪、哌啶乙醇、1-(2-羟乙基)吡咯烷、1-(2-羟乙基)-2-吡咯烷酮、3-哌啶基-1,2-丙二醇、3-吡咯烷基-1,2-丙二醇、8-羟基久洛尼定(8-hydroxy-julolidine)、3-奎宁环醇、3-托品醇、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷乙醇、1-氮丙啶乙醇、N-(2-羟乙基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺、N-(2-羟乙基)异烟碱酰胺等。
就酰胺衍生物而言,例示如甲酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙酰胺、N-甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、丙酰胺、苯并酰胺等。
就酰亚胺衍生物而言,例示如邻苯二甲酰亚胺、琥珀酰亚胺、马来酰亚胺等。
就上述通式(35)表示的化合物而言,可例示如三[2-(甲氧基甲氧基)乙基]胺、三[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基]胺、三[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基甲氧基)乙基]胺、三[2-(1-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基]胺、三[2-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)乙基]胺、三[2-(1-乙氧基丙氧基)乙基]胺、三[2-{2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙氧基}乙基]胺、4,7,13,16,21,24-六氧杂-1,10-二氮杂双环[8.8.8]二十六烷、4,7,13,18-四氧杂-1,10-二氮杂双环[8.5.5]二十烷、1,4,10,13-四氧杂-7,16-二氮杂双环十八烷、1-氮杂-12-冠-4、1-氮杂-15-冠-5、1-氮杂-18-冠-6、三(2-甲酰氧基乙基)胺、三(2-乙酰氧基乙基)胺、三(2-丙酰氧基乙基)胺、三(2-丁酰氧基乙基)胺、三(2-异丁酰氧基乙基)胺、三(2-戊酰氧基乙基)胺、三(2-新戊酰氧基乙基)胺、N,N-双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)2-(乙酰氧基乙酰氧基)乙胺、三(2-甲氧基羰基氧基乙基)胺、三(2-叔丁氧基羰基氧基乙基)胺、三[2-(2-氧代基丙氧基)乙基]胺、三[2-(甲氧基羰基甲基)氧基乙基]胺、三[2-(叔丁氧基羰基甲基氧基)乙基]胺、三[2-(环己氧基羰基甲基氧基)乙基]胺、三(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)胺、三(2-乙氧基羰基乙基)胺、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)2-(甲氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)2-(甲氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)2-(乙氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)2-(乙氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)2-(2-羟基乙氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)2-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)2-[(甲氧基羰基)甲氧基羰基]乙胺、N,N-双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)2-[(甲氧基羰基)甲氧基羰基]乙胺、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)2-(2-氧代基丙氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)2-(2-氧代基丙氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)2-(四氢糠基氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)2-(四氢糠基氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)2-[(2-氧代基四氢呋喃-3-基)氧基羰基]乙胺、N,N-双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)2-[(2-氧代基四氢呋喃-3-基)氧基羰基]乙胺、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)2-(4-羟基丁氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-甲酰氧基乙基)2-(4-甲酰氧基丁氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-甲酰氧基乙基)2-(2-甲酰氧基乙氧基羰基)乙胺、N,N-双(2-甲氧基乙基)2-(甲氧基羰基)乙胺、N-(2-羟乙基)双[2-(甲氧基羰基)乙基]胺、N-(2-乙酰氧基乙基)双[2-(甲氧基羰基)乙基]胺、N-(2-羟乙基)双[2-(乙氧基羰基)乙基]胺、N-(2-乙酰氧基乙基)双[2-(乙氧基羰基)乙基]胺、N-(3-羟基-1-丙基)双[2-(甲氧基羰基)乙基]胺、N-(3-乙酰氧基-1-丙基)双[2-(甲氧基羰基)乙基]胺、N-(2-甲氧基乙基)双[2-(甲氧基羰基)乙基]胺、N-丁基双[2-(甲氧基羰基)乙基]胺、N-丁基双[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基羰基)乙基]胺、N-甲基双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)胺、N-乙基双(2-乙酰氧基乙基)胺、N-甲基双(2-新戊酰氧基乙基)胺、N-乙基双[2-(甲氧基羰基氧基)乙基]胺、N-乙基双[2-(叔丁氧基羰基氧基)乙基]胺、三(甲氧基羰基甲基)胺、三(乙氧基羰基甲基)胺、N-丁基双(甲氧基羰基甲基)胺、N-己基双(甲氧基羰基甲基)胺、β-(二乙基氨基)-δ-戊内酯,但不限定于这些。上述碱性化合物可使用1种或2种以上。
上述碱性化合物的掺合量,考量感度的观点,在本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物中,相对于(A’)成分100质量份为0~3质量份较为理想,尤以0.01~1质量份较为理想。
(图案形成方法)
接着,针对使用了本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物及负型感光性树脂组成物的图案形成方法进行说明。
正型的图案形成方法,可通过包括下列步骤的图案形成方法来进行:
(1)形成步骤,将上述正型感光性树脂组成物涂布于基板上,形成感光材皮膜;
(2)加热步骤,将该感光材皮膜加热;
(3)曝光步骤,间隔光掩膜以波长190~500nm的高能射线或电子束对该感光材皮膜进行曝光;及
(4)显影步骤,使用碱性水溶液的显影液进行显影。
负型的图案形成方法,可通过包括下列步骤的图案形成方法来进行:
(I)形成步骤,将上述负型感光性树脂组成物涂布于基板上,形成感光材皮膜;
(II)加热步骤,将该感光材皮膜加热;
(III)曝光步骤,间隔光掩膜以波长190~500nm的高能射线或电子束对该感光材皮膜进行曝光;及
(IV)显影步骤,使用碱性水溶液的显影液进行显影。
上述负型的图案形成方法中,在曝光步骤(III)与显影步骤(IV)之间更包括上述感光材皮膜的曝光后加热步骤较为理想。
不论在本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物、负型感光性树脂组成物中的任一者的情况下,皆可在形成图案时采用公知的光刻技术来进行,例如在硅晶圆或SiO2基板、SiN基板、或铜配线等形成有图案的基板上,将感光性树脂组成物以旋转涂覆的方法(Spin coating)予以涂布,再以80~130℃、50~600秒左右的条件进行预烘,形成厚度1~50μm,较理想为1~30μm,更理想为5~20μm的感光材皮膜。
旋转涂覆法中,可在将感光性树脂组成物大约5mL点胶于聚硅氧基板上之后旋转基板,借此在基板上涂布感光性树脂组成物。此时,通过调整旋转速度可轻易地调整基板上的感光材皮膜的膜厚。之后,可通过预烘将剩下的溶剂去除。
然后,将用于形成目标图案的掩膜遮盖于上述感光材皮膜上,并将i线、g线等波长190~500nm的高能射线或电子束以使曝光量成为1~5,000mJ/cm2左右,较佳为100~2,000mJ/cm2左右的方式进行照射。
然后视需要,亦可在曝光步骤与显影步骤之间于加热板上进行60~150℃、1~10分钟,较佳为80~120℃、1~5分钟的曝光后加热处理(曝光后烘烤(PEB))。
之后,实施显影。可于上述本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物、及负型感光性树脂组成物进行碱性水溶液所为的碱显影。
另一方面,可用于碱显影的理想的碱性水溶液是2.38%的四甲基羟基铵(TMAH)水溶液。显影可通过喷洒法、浸置法等一般方法、浸渍于显影液中等来进行。之后,可视需要而进行洗净、冲洗、干燥等,来获得具有所期望的图案的抗蚀剂皮膜。
(硬化被膜形成方法)
又,可使用烘箱、加热板等将形成有利用上述图案形成方法所获得的图案的被膜于温度100~300℃,较理想为150~300℃,更理想为180~250℃进行加热、后硬化,借此形成硬化被膜。若后硬化温度为100~300℃,可使感光性树脂组成物的皮膜的交联密度上升、除去残存的挥发成分,考量对于基板的密接力、耐热性、强度、以及电特性的观点较为理想。然后,后硬化时间可设定为10分钟~10小时。
上述所形成的图案是使用作为覆盖配线、电路及基板等的保护用被膜的目的,这些形成的图案及保护用被膜具有优异的绝缘性,同时还会在被覆的配线、电路的如Cu般的金属层、存在于基板上的金属电极上,或存在于被覆的配线、电路的如SiN般的绝缘基板上表现优异的密接力,且能在仍具备与作为保护用被膜相称的机械强度的情况下,大幅地改善使更微细的图案能够形成的解像性能。
(硬化被膜)
以此方式进行所获得的硬化被膜,与基板的密接性、耐热性、电特性、机械强度及对于碱性剥离液等的药品耐性优异,将其使用作为保护用被膜的半导体元件的可靠性亦优异,尤其可防止在温度循环试验时的裂纹发生,可理想地使用作为电气电子零件、半导体元件等的保护用被膜(层间绝缘膜或表面保护膜)。
亦即,本发明提供由上述正型感光性树脂组成物、或上述负型感光性树脂组成物硬化而成的硬化被膜所构成的层间绝缘膜或表面保护膜。
上述保护用被膜,因为其耐热性、药品耐性、绝缘性,在包括再配线用途的半导体元件用绝缘膜、多层印刷基板用绝缘膜、焊罩、表覆层薄膜用途等用途中是有用的。
然后,本发明提供具有上述层间绝缘膜或上述表面保护膜的电子零件。
此种电子零件因为具有具耐热性、药品耐性、绝缘性的保护用被膜(层间绝缘膜或表面保护膜),所以会成为可靠性优异者。
实施例
以下,显示合成例、比较合成例、实施例及比较例对本发明具体地说明,但本发明并不限制于下列例子中。
I.树脂的合成
将在下列合成例中使用的化合物的化学结构式及名称表示于下。
ODA 4,4’-二氨基二苯醚
APB 1,3-双(3-氨基苯氧基)苯
s-ODPA 3,3’,4,4’-氧基二邻苯二甲酸二酐
s-BPDA 3,3’,4,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐
DC-1 癸二酰氯
PAP 4-氨基苯酚
3FA 3-氟苯胺
BAP 2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷
D-400、RT-1000是HUNTSMAN(股)制的二胺。
[合成例1]氟氨基苯酚(AP-1)的合成
在具备搅拌机、温度计且以氮气置换后的500ml的烧瓶内加入2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷20.0g(87.6mmol)、碳酸钾25.4g(184.0mmol)、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮100g,升温直到150℃,并于搅拌时将使2,3-二氟-6-硝基苯酚31.4g(179.6mmol)溶解于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮126g后所成者费时30分钟予以滴加后,于160℃搅拌24小时。之后,冷却至室温,加入水400g、10%盐酸水溶液400g、乙酸乙酯600g,将有机层予以分离取样后,以水400g洗净5次。将获得的有机层的溶剂馏去,并使产物于乙醇中再结晶,再将获得的结晶于60℃进行15小时的减压干燥借此获得2,2-双[4-(4-硝基-3-羟基-2-氟苯氧基)苯基]丙烷42.7g。
接着,在具备搅拌机、温度计的500ml的烧瓶内加入上述2,2-双[4-(4-硝基-3-羟基-2-氟苯氧基)苯基]丙烷20.0g(37.1mmol)、10wt%钯-碳2.0g、乙醇300g,并将烧瓶内以氢气置换,在室温下搅拌3小时。将此反应液使用硅藻土进行过滤后,将乙醇馏去,再将获得的结晶于60℃进行15小时的减压干燥,借此获得氟氨基苯酚(AP-1)14.7g。
[合成例2]氟氨基苯酚(AP-2)的合成
在合成例1中,将2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷替换成间苯二酚9.6g(87.6mmol),除此以外,以同样的配方获得氟氨基苯酚(AP-2)。
[合成例3]氟氨基苯酚(AP-3)的合成
在合成例1中,将2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷替换成9,9-双(4-羟基苯基)芴30.7g(87.6mmol),除此以外,以同样的配方获得氟氨基苯酚(AP-3)。
[合成例4]氟氨基苯酚(AP-4)的合成
在合成例1中,将2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷替换成1,6-己二醇10.4g(87.6mmol),除此以外,以同样的配方获得氟氨基苯酚(AP-4)。
<合成例5~合成例15、比较合成例1、2>
聚酰亚胺树脂、或聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂(A-1)~(A-11)、(B-1)、(B-2)的合成依如下方式进行。
[合成例5]聚酰亚胺树脂(A-1)的合成
在具备搅拌机、温度计的1L的烧瓶内加入在合成例1合成出的氨基苯酚(AP-1)38.3g(80.0mmol)、4-氨基苯酚(PAP)0.9g(8.4mmol)、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮157g,于室温下搅拌并溶解。然后在室温下滴加将3,3’,4,4’-氧基二邻苯二甲酸二酐(s-ODPA)26.1g(84.2mmol)溶解于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮264g中所成的溶液,于滴加结束后在室温下搅拌3小时。之后,在此反应液中加入二甲苯20g,于170℃下一边将生成的水排除至系统外,一边进行3小时的加热回流。冷却至室温后,将此反应液在超纯水2L的搅拌下予以滴加,过滤分离出析出物并适当地水洗后,于40℃进行48小时的减压干燥,借此获得聚酰亚胺树脂(A-1)。利用GPC测定此聚合物的分子量,以聚苯乙烯换算的重均分子量是34,000。
[合成例13]聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂(A-9)的合成
在具备搅拌机、温度计的1L的烧瓶内加入在合成例2合成出的氨基苯酚(AP-2)28.8g(80.0mmol)、4-氨基苯酚(PAP)0.9g(8.4mmol)、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮119g,于室温下搅拌并溶解。然后在室温下滴加将3,3’,4,4’-氧基二邻苯二甲酸二酐(s-ODPA)20.9g(67.4mmol)溶解于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮211g中所成的溶液,于滴加结束后在室温下搅拌3小时。之后,在此反应液中加入二甲苯20g,于170℃下一边将生成的水排除至系统外,一边进行3小时的加热回流。冷却至室温后,加入吡啶2.7g(33.6mmol),并将癸二酰氯(DC-1)4.0g(16.8mmol)以保持在5℃以下的方式进行滴加。滴加结束后,返回至室温,将此反应液在超纯水2L的搅拌下予以滴加,过滤分离出析出物并适当地水洗后,于40℃进行48小时的减压干燥,借此获得聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂(A-9)。利用GPC测定此聚合物的分子量,以聚苯乙烯换算的重均分子量是32,000。
[合成例6]~[合成例12]、[合成例14、15][比较合成例1、2]聚酰亚胺树脂、或聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂(A-2)~(A-8)、(A-10)、(A-11)(B-1)、(B-2)的合成
使用下列表1中所示的重量的化合物作为二胺化合物、单胺化合物、四羧酸二酐、二羧酸二氯化物,在聚酰亚胺树脂的情况,是以与合成例5同样的配方,在聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂的情况,是以与合成例13同样的配方,来获得树脂(A-2)~(A-8)、(A-10)、(A-11)(B-1)、(B-2)。利用GPC测定各个聚合物的分子量,并将以聚苯乙烯换算的重均分子量显示于下列表1中。
[表1]
II.感光性树脂组成物的制备
使用在上述合成例5~合成例15及比较合成例1、2合成出的聚合物作为基础树脂,并以表2及表3中记载的组成与掺合量制备树脂换算30质量%的树脂组成物。之后,进行搅拌、混合,针对溶解后所得者以特氟龙(注册商标)制的0.5μm滤材进行精密过滤而获得感光性树脂组成物。表中溶剂的GBL表示γ-丁内酯。
[表2]
表2中所示的感光性树脂组成物1~15是关于上述本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物。比较感光性树脂组成物1及2,是于上述本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物中,使用在比较合成例1及2合成出的聚合物来取代本发明的聚合物作为基础树脂者。感光性树脂组成物1~15会于GBL中溶解,但比较感光性树脂组成物1及2不溶于GBL中,所以无法实施后述的图案形成评价。
[表3]
表3中所示的感光性树脂组成物16~26是关于上述本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物。比较感光性树脂组成物3及4,是于上述本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物中,使用在比较合成例1及2合成出的聚合物来取代本发明的聚合物作为基础树脂者。感光性树脂组成物16~26会于GBL中溶解,但比较感光性树脂组成物3及4不溶于GBL中,所以无法实施后述的图案形成评价。
另外,表2及表3中,醌二叠氮化合物的感光剂(感光剂1)、光酸产生剂(光酸产生剂1)、交联剂(CL-1)~(CL-3)、热酸产生剂(E-1)的详细说明如下。
感光剂(感光剂1)
式中,Q表示下列式(39)所示的1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基或氢原子,Q的90%经下列式(39)所示的1,2-重氮萘醌磺酰基取代。
光酸产生剂(光酸产生剂1)
交联剂(CL-1)
交联剂(CL-2)
环氧树脂:ADEKA(股)公司制的EP4000L
交联剂(CL-3)
热酸产生剂(E-1)
III.图案形成
通过将上述感光性树脂组成物1~26点胶5mL于聚硅氧基板上之后将基板旋转,亦即,通过旋转涂覆法,以使在图案形成后施行的后硬化的加热后的膜厚成为10μm的方式进行涂布。亦即,在后硬化步骤后,预先研究膜厚的减少,而以使后硬化后的成品膜厚成为10μm的方式调整涂布时的转速。
接着,在加热板上施行100℃、2分钟的预烘。再接着使用Nikon公司制的i线步进机NSR-2205i11进行i线曝光、图案形成。在图案形成中,是配合利用适当地使用了正型图案用、负型图案用的掩膜的感光性树脂组成物。该掩膜具有可形成纵横1:1配列的20μm孔洞的图案,能形成50μm~20μm的节距为10μm,20μm~10μm的节距为5μm,10μm~1μm的节距为1μm的孔图案。
接着,实施加热步骤后所得者,以如下表5中所示的条件实施。
显影步骤中将碱性水溶液作为显影液,使用2.38%氢氧化四甲基铵水溶液作为显影液。实施3次2.38%氢氧化四甲基铵(TMAH)水溶液的1分钟的浸置显影后,进行由超纯水所为的冲洗。
然后,使用烘箱一边将获得的基板上图案以190℃进行2小时的氮气吹扫,一边进行后硬化。
然后,为了能观察获得的孔图案的形状,将各基板切出,并使用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)观察孔图案形状。求取在后硬化后的膜厚10μm中为最小开口孔洞的口径,并评价图案的形状。整合这些结果,将可形成最小图案的感度表示于表4及表5中。
另外,孔洞的图案形状是以如下基准进行评价,并于表4及表5中显示评价结果。
良好:观察到孔洞为矩形或顺锥形状(孔洞上部的尺寸比底部的尺寸更大的形状)者
不良:观察到逆锥形状(孔洞上部的尺寸比底部的尺寸更小的形状)、外伸形状(孔洞上部伸出的形状)、显著的膜损失者、或在孔洞底部观察到残渣者
首先,将使用正型感光性树脂组成物(感光性树脂组成物1~15)进行图案化后的结果显示于表4中。
[表4]
如表4中所示,可理解本发明的正型感光性树脂组成物在碱性水溶液显影中表现良好的图案形状,且因为最小孔洞尺寸表现出相较于成品膜厚10μm小的值,所以能达成1以上的纵横比(aspect ratio)。
接着,将使用负型感光性树脂组成物(感光性树脂组成物16~26)进行图案化后的结果显示于表5中。
[表5]
如表5中所示,可理解本发明的负型感光性树脂组成物在碱性水溶液显影中表现良好的图案形状,且因为最小孔洞尺寸表现出相较于成品膜厚10μm小的值,所以能达成1以上的纵横比。
另外,本发明并不限定于上述实施形态。上述实施形态为例示的,只要是具有本发明的权利要求书中记载的技术思想及实质相同的构成,并发挥相同作用效果者,皆包含于本发明的技术范围中。
Claims (14)
5.一种正型感光性树脂组成物,其特征为包含:
(A)根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的聚合物;
(B)因为光而产生酸且使对于碱性水溶液的溶解速度增大的感光剂,是具有醌二叠氮结构的化合物;及
(D)溶剂。
8.一种图案形成方法,其特征为包括下列步骤:
(1)形成步骤,将根据权利要求5或6所述的正型感光性树脂组成物涂布于基板上,形成感光材皮膜;
(2)加热步骤,将该感光材皮膜加热;
(3)曝光步骤,间隔光掩膜以波长190~500nm的高能射线或电子束对该感光材皮膜进行曝光;及
(4)显影步骤,使用碱性水溶液的显影液进行显影。
9.一种图案形成方法,其特征为包括下列步骤:
(I)形成步骤,将根据权利要求7所述的负型感光性树脂组成物涂布于基板上,形成感光材皮膜;
(II)加热步骤,将该感光材皮膜加热;
(III)曝光步骤,间隔光掩膜以波长190~500nm的高能射线或电子束对该感光材皮膜进行曝光;及
(IV)显影步骤,使用碱性水溶液的显影液进行显影。
10.根据权利要求9所述的图案形成方法,其中,在该曝光步骤(III)与该显影步骤(IV)之间,更包括该感光材皮膜的曝光后加热步骤。
11.一种硬化被膜形成方法,包括下列步骤:
对通过根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的图案形成方法所获得的形成有图案的被膜,于温度100~300℃进行加热、后硬化。
12.一种层间绝缘膜,其特征为:
是由根据权利要求5或6所述的正型感光性树脂组成物、或权利要求7所述的负型感光性树脂组成物硬化而成的硬化被膜所构成的。
13.一种表面保护膜,其特征为:
是由根据权利要求5或6所述的正型感光性树脂组成物、或权利要求7所述的负型感光性树脂组成物硬化而成的硬化被膜所构成的。
14.一种电子零件,其特征为:
具有根据权利要求12所述的层间绝缘膜或根据权利要求13的表面保护膜。
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