CN115040602B - 一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及药物组合物领域,具体的,涉及一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物及其制备方法。所述药物组合物按照重量份数计包括,40‑55份沙苑子、15‑28份薤白、25‑40份八月札、10‑20份丝瓜络、5‑12份柴胡。本发明基于精简治疗的原则,仅选用5种中药材,针对乳腺增生的基本病因——肝气郁结和冲任失调,有针对性施药治病,共奏疏肝理气、化痰散结之功,对于肝郁痰凝型和冲任失调型乳腺增生均具有良好的改善效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物组合物领域,具体的,涉及一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们饮食结构,生活观念和方式的不断改变,乳腺增生的发病率近年来呈明显上升趋势,有报道显示现已超过50%,严重危害着女性的身体健康。乳腺增生是一种癌前病,有20%的乳腺癌合并乳腺增生,有3%-5%的乳腺增生有癌变可能,因此,得了乳腺增生后,很多人就很容易联想到乳腺癌,造成了很大的心理负担,进而对疾病产生负反馈作用,因此需要正确看待乳腺增生,除了保持良好的心态外,还需要及时接受治疗。
乳腺增生产生的主要机制是内分泌失调所致乳腺上皮和纤维组织增生;乳腺组织导管和乳小叶结构上退行性病变以及进行性结缔组织生长;表现为乳叶增厚、结节性颗粒、乳房胀痛乳头溢乳等体征;且与饮食劳倦、情志变化、月经周期等因素息息相关;主要表现为乳房部位出现大小不等的硬结肿块,状如鸡卵,表面光滑,隐痛或刺痛,严重者呈现持续性重痛,甚者牵引肩、腋窝、肋部、背部。不良情绪是引起乳腺增生非常重要的因素之一,五脏藏精,精化为气,五脏精气可产生相应的情绪。如果在外界环境的刺激下,长期精神紧张或恼怒忧思,情绪变化过于剧烈或持久,或突然受到精神刺激,会造成脏腑精气功能失常,气血运行失调。表现在肝上,可造成肝气内郁,郁久化火则耗伤肝阴,使阴不敛阳,肝阳偏亢,上扰头目而出现头痛、头晕、易怒等症状。罹患乳腺增生的患者大多属此类型,因此在治疗方面常采用疏肝解郁,通络散结的方法。
中药防治乳腺增生效果显著,无毒副作用,复发率低,目前常见中成药包括逍遥丸、百消丹、乳癖消、犀黄丸、小金丹、乳块消胶囊、乳宁颗粒、桂枝茯苓丸、平消胶囊等,还有诸多自拟方,例如专利CN107929668B公开了一种治疗乳腺小叶增生和乳腺纤维瘤的乳核内消颗粒,其组成成分如下:浙贝母1~20份,当归5~15份,赤芍5~15份,漏芦1~15份,茜草10~20份,香附1~15份,柴胡5~15份,橘核1~20份,夏枯草10~20份,丝瓜络1~10份,郁金1~20份,甘草1~10份,益母草5~15份,天南星5~15份,牡蛎10~20份,丹参1~10份,山慈菇1~15份,海藻5~15份,莪术5~15份,茯苓1~15份,黄芪1~20份,没药1~15份,青皮1~15份,黄药子1~15份,乳香5~15份,三棱5~15份,昆布5~15份,皂角刺5~20份,蒲公英1~15份,鸡血藤5~15份,具有行气活血、通络解毒、化瘀消痰、软坚散结之功效,达到治疗乳腺小叶增生和乳房纤维腺瘤的目的。目前大多数中成药或者自拟方的原料组成都非常复杂,这也导致一剂药方的成本很高,而中药治疗贵在坚持,长期服用才能带来良好的效果或者根治,高成本的药剂无疑给患者带来不小的经济负担,因此本发明重在开发一种药效良好,并且组成简单的改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,以期降低患者的治疗成本。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术的缺陷,本发明提供一种组成简单,但能够保证疗效的改善乳腺增生的药物组合物及其制备方法。
为此,本发明提供一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,按照重量份数计包括,40-55份沙苑子、15-28份薤白、25-40份八月札、10-20份丝瓜络、5-12份柴胡。
优选的,所述改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,按照重量份数计包括,48份沙苑子、21份薤白、32份八月札、15份丝瓜络、9份柴胡。
本发明进一步提供上述改善乳腺增生的药物组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将柴胡粉碎后,置于醋中闷润,干燥后备用;
(2)沙苑子、薤白、八月札粉碎,与步骤(1)的柴胡混合后,加入乙醇,回流浸提,提取液浓缩至浸膏状,得到混合提取物备用;
(3)丝瓜络煎炒后加入水,回流浸提,提取液浓缩至浸膏状,得到丝瓜络提取物备用;
(4)将步骤(2)的混合提取物以及步骤(3)的丝瓜络提取物混合,即得所述改善乳腺增生的药物组合物。
优选的,步骤(1)中醋为陈醋,闷润温度为80-90℃,闷润时间为6-8h。
优选的,步骤(1)中干燥温度为60-70℃,干燥时间为12-20h。
优选的,步骤(2)中药材总质量与乙醇的体积比为1:8-12,所述质量与体积的比值关系为g/mL。
优选的,步骤(2)中乙醇的体积百分数为80-95%,回流浸提温度为60-70℃,浸提时间为50-70min,浸提次数为2-4次。
优选的,步骤(3)丝瓜络文火煎炒至淡黄色。
优选的,步骤(3)中丝瓜络与水的质量比为1:10-12。
优选的,步骤(3)回流浸提温度为90-100℃,浸提时间为1-1.5h。
本发明还提供一种改善乳腺增生的药物制剂,包括上述改善乳腺增生疾病的药物组合物和药学上可接受的辅料制备成片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂和合剂中的一种或多种。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明提供一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,按照重量份数计包括,40-55份沙苑子、15-28份薤白、25-40份八月札、10-20份丝瓜络、5-12份柴胡。上述组合物中沙苑子补肝益肾,调摄中任,为君药;薤白、八月札疏肝理气,散结除烦,为臣药;丝瓜络通经活络,清热化痰,为使药;柴胡为引经之药,使众药入于肝经,诸药调和,共奏疏肝理气、化痰散结之功,对于肝郁痰凝型和冲任失调型乳腺增生均具有良好的改善效果。
其中,沙苑子,甘,温,入肝、肾经,补肝,益肾,明目,固精,治肝肾不足,腰膝酸痛,目昏,遗精早泄,小便频数,遗尿,尿血,白带。
薤白,辛苦,温,理气,宽胸,通阳,散结,治胸痹心痛彻背,脘痞不舒,干呕,泻痢后重,疮疖。
八月札,甘,寒,舒肝理气,活血止痛,除烦利尿,治肝胃气痛,胃热食呆,烦渴,亦白痢疾,腰痛,胁痛,疝气,窟经,子宫下坠。
丝瓜络,甘,平,通经活络,清热化痰,治胸胁疼痛,腹痛,腰痛,睾丸肿痛,肺热痰咳,妇女经闭,乳汁不通,痈肿,痔漏。
柴胡,气味苦、平,无毒,归肝经、胆经,具疏肝利胆、疏气解郁、散火之功效;同时柴胡又是肝经引经之药,能开郁散滞而通达上下,使肝经气血畅行。
2、本发明基于乳腺增生的基本病因——肝气郁结和冲任失调,有针对性施药治病,因而起效快,疗效好。虽然只有5味中药,但是每种中药各司其职,又相互配合,形成“有制之师”,从而发挥奇效。肾气亏虚则冲任失养,气血生化运行乏力,因此利用沙苑子补肝益肾,固冲任,是为本发明中组合物的主药。肝气郁结伤脾;脾失健运,痰浊内生,最终气滞血淤挟痰结于乳络,形成乳腺增生,因此用薤白和八月札,二者“相须”疏肝理气,散结除烦,是为臣药。同时八月札还具有止痛的功效,一药二用,可同时缓解患者的疼痛。丝瓜络通经活络,清热化痰,缓解血瘀、痰凝的问题,是为佐药。柴胡能开郁散滞而通达上下,使肝经气血畅行,将众药引入肝经,提高药效,是为使药。
3、由于本发明提供的组合中组分较少,为了更大发挥各组分的药效,本发明对组合中每种组分的提取方式进行了充分的研究,柴胡先经过醋制闷润,可更有效发挥其引经之药的功效,提高疏肝解郁之效;丝瓜络经过煎炒后通络之效得到提升。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都涉及本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明提供一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,包括48g沙苑子、21g薤白、32g八月札、15g丝瓜络、9g柴胡。
上述组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)柴胡粉碎,过60目筛后,浸泡于50mL陈醋中,85℃闷润7h,65℃干燥15h后备用;
(2)沙苑子、薤白、八月札粉碎,过60目筛后,与步骤(1)的柴胡混合后,加入1100mL体积百分数为87%的乙醇,于65℃回流浸提60min,提取3次,每次于800rpm离心20min,合并上清液后置于旋转蒸发仪中,于50℃浓缩至无醇味,50℃真空干燥24h,得到混合提取物备用;
(3)丝瓜络文火煎炒至淡黄色后加入165mL水,95℃回流浸提75min,于800rpm离心20min提取液浓缩至浸膏状,50℃真空干燥24h,得到丝瓜络提取物备用;
(4)将步骤(2)的混合提取物与步骤(3)的丝瓜络提取物混合,即得所述改善乳腺增生的药物组合物。
实施例2
本发明提供一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,包括40g沙苑子、15g薤白、25g八月札、20g丝瓜络、5g柴胡。
上述组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)柴胡粉碎,过60目筛后,浸泡于50mL陈醋中,80℃闷润8h,70℃干燥12h后备用;
(2)沙苑子、薤白、八月札粉碎,过60目筛后,与步骤(1)的柴胡混合后,加入1000mL体积百分数为80%的乙醇,于70℃回流浸提50min,提取2次,每次于800rpm离心20min,合并上清液后置于旋转蒸发仪中,于50℃浓缩至无醇味,50℃真空干燥24h,得到混合提取物备用;
(3)丝瓜络文火煎炒至淡黄色后加入200mL水,90℃回流浸提90min,于800rpm离心20min提取液浓缩至浸膏状,50℃真空干燥24h,得到丝瓜络提取物备用;
(4)将步骤(2)的混合提取物以及步骤(3)的丝瓜络提取物混合,即得所述改善乳腺增生的药物组合物。
实施例3
本发明提供一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,包括55g沙苑子、28g薤白、40g八月札、10g丝瓜络、12g柴胡。
上述组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)柴胡粉碎,过60目筛后,浸泡于50mL陈醋中,90℃闷润6h,60℃干燥20h后备用;
(2)沙苑子、薤白、八月札粉碎,过60目筛后,与步骤(1)的柴胡混合后,加入1100mL体积百分数为95%的乙醇,于60℃回流浸提70min,提取4次,每次于800rpm离心20min,合并上清液后置于旋转蒸发仪中,于50℃浓缩至无醇味,50℃真空干燥24h,得到混合提取物备用;
(3)丝瓜络文火煎炒至淡黄色后加入120mL水,100℃回流浸提60min,于800rpm离心20min提取液浓缩至浸膏状,50℃真空干燥24h,得到丝瓜络提取物备用;
(4)将步骤(2)的混合提取物以及步骤(3)的丝瓜络提取物混合,即得所述改善乳腺增生的药物组合物。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,其组成与实施例1相同。
所述组合物的制备方法与实施例1相比,区别仅在于柴胡不经过醋闷润,直接加入乙醇提取,具体如下:
(1)沙苑子、薤白、八月札、柴胡粉碎,过60目筛后,加入1100mL体积百分数为87%的乙醇,于65℃回流浸提60min,提取3次,每次于800rpm离心20min,合并上清液后置于旋转蒸发仪中,于50℃浓缩至无醇味,50℃真空干燥24h,得到混合提取物备用;
(2)丝瓜络文火煎炒至淡黄色后加入165mL水,95℃回流浸提75min,于800rpm离心20min提取液浓缩至浸膏状,50℃真空干燥24h,得到丝瓜络提取物备用;
(3)将步骤(1)的混合提取物以及步骤(2)的丝瓜络提取物混合,即得所述改善乳腺增生的药物组合物。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,其组成与实施例1相同。
所述组合物的制备方法与实施例1相比,区别仅在于丝瓜络不经过煎炒,直接加入水提取,具体如下:
(1)柴胡粉碎,过60目筛后,浸泡于50mL陈醋中,85℃闷润7h,65℃干燥15h后备用;
(2)沙苑子、薤白、八月札粉碎,过60目筛后,与步骤(1)的柴胡混合后,加入1100mL体积百分数为87%的乙醇,于65℃回流浸提60min,提取3次,每次于800rpm离心20min,合并上清液后置于旋转蒸发仪中,于50℃浓缩至无醇味,50℃真空干燥24h,得到混合提取物备用;
(3)丝瓜络加入165mL水,95℃回流浸提75min,于800rpm离心20min提取液浓缩至浸膏状,50℃真空干燥24h,得到丝瓜络提取物备用;
(4)将步骤(2)的混合提取物以及步骤(3)的丝瓜络提取物混合,即得所述改善乳腺增生的药物组合物。
实验例1
考察实施例1-5各组对SD大鼠乳腺增生的治疗效果,具体如下:
1.实验动物:SD大鼠80只,雌性未孕,体重180-220g,饲喂颗粒饲料,观察性饲养1周后进入实验期。其中10只每两天注射一次生理盐水(0.02mL/kg),共注射15次,作为空白组;其余70只为实施例1-6组、模型组和阳性对照组,每两天分别在两只大腿肌肉注射苯甲酸雌二醇(0.3mg/kg;天津金耀药业有限公司)和黄体酮(4mg/kg;天津金耀药业有限公司),共注射15次,形成乳腺增生病模型。
2.实验药品:分别取实施例1-5制备得到的组合物100g,与乳糖300g、羧甲基纤维素钠20g混合均匀,制软材,挤压制粒,80℃干燥3h,整粒,得到颗粒制剂,实验前加水溶解为20mg/mL的溶液,备用。
乳癖消片碾碎,加水溶解为20mg/mL的溶液,作为阳性对照组大鼠受试药物备用。
3.实验过程:将造模后的大鼠随机分为7组(实施例1-5组、模型组和阳性对照组),实施例1-5组分别给予实施例1-5的组合物颗粒,每天灌胃一次,每次10mL/kg;阳性对照组给予乳癖消溶液,每天灌胃一次,每次10mL/kg;空白组和模型组给予生理盐水10mL/kg,每天一次。连续灌胃一个月后,末次给药后,禁食24h,然后用游标卡尺测量大鼠乳房直径以及乳头高度,测量完毕后麻醉,腹主动脉抽血3mL,分离血清,用试剂盒(上海联祖生物科技有限公司LZ-R6472和LZ-R6358)测量血液中雌二醇以及孕酮含量,结果见表1和2。
表1各组大鼠乳房直径和乳头高度
乳房直径(mm) | 乳头高度(mm) | |
空白组 | 1.06±0.11 | 1.21±0.20 |
模型组 | <![CDATA[1.86±0.21<sup>**</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[2.01±0.32<sup>**</sup>]]> |
阳性对照组 | <![CDATA[1.52±0.23<sup>△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[1.65±0.23<sup>△</sup>]]> |
实施例1组 | <![CDATA[1.10±0.19<sup>△△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[1.30±0.19<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
实施例2组 | <![CDATA[1.29±0.20<sup>△△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[1.36±0.07<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
实施例3组 | <![CDATA[1.24±0.21<sup>△△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[1.33±0.16<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
实施例4组 | <![CDATA[1.37±0.12<sup>△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[1.49±0.24<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
实施例5组 | <![CDATA[1.41±0.09<sup>△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[1.48±0.23<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
注:与空白组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,△P<0.05,△△P<0.01。
表1数据可以看出,模型组与空白组存在极显著性差异,说明造模成功。阳性对照组与模型组相比,乳房直径和乳头高度均有显著性差异,证明乳癖消片可以有效改善乳腺增生带来的乳房肿胀问题。实施例1-3组相比于模型组,乳房直径和乳头高度均有极显著性差异,证明本发明实施例1-3也可以有效改善乳腺增生带来的乳房肿胀问题,并且效果优于阳性对照组,即乳癖消片。实施例4-5与乳癖消片的改善乳房肿胀问题效果相当。
表2各组大鼠血液中雌二醇以及孕酮含量
雌二醇(pmol/L) | 孕酮(ng/mL) | |
空白组 | 38.69±3.21 | 93.86±10.29 |
模型组 | <![CDATA[67.06±5.26<sup>**</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[28.29±5.67<sup>**</sup>]]> |
阳性对照组 | <![CDATA[46.33±6.07<sup>△△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[82.06±12.61<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
实施例1组 | <![CDATA[29.21±3.19<sup>△△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[89.22±8.49<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
实施例2组 | <![CDATA[35.16±2.06<sup>△△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[82.37±5.38<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
实施例3组 | <![CDATA[32.68±4.44<sup>△△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[86.14±10.65<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
实施例4组 | <![CDATA[39.21±8.09<sup>△△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[74.26±9.07<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
实施例6组 | <![CDATA[40.37±6.51<sup>△△</sup>]]> | <![CDATA[79.28±7.40<sup>△△</sup>]]> |
注:与空白组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,△P<0.05,△△P<0.01。
雌二醇促进乳管及管周纤维组织生长,孕酮促进乳腺小叶及腺泡组织的发育,如果体内雌二醇水平异常增加,孕酮水平减少,则会引起乳腺的增生过度、复旧不全,导致乳腺组织结构发生增生性紊乱。本实验中模型组与空白组雌二醇和孕酮含量均存在极显著性差异,说明乳腺增生大鼠造模成功。
阳性对照组、各实验组与模型组相比,雌二醇和孕酮含量均有极显著性差异,证明各组都可以有效改善乳腺增生大鼠体内的激素水平,从而减少雌二醇对乳腺的刺激,改善乳腺增生问题。从数据上看,实施例1-3的效果更优于阳性对照组。
另外,在进行上述实验过程中,实验组各组小鼠均无死亡,给药后观察小鼠外观、毛色、光泽正常,社会行为、反应均正常,摄食、排泄正常。说明本发明组合物安全性可靠。
实验例2
考察本发明改善乳腺增生的药物组合物的临床应用效果,选择100例患有乳腺增生的患者,年龄25-45周岁,随机分为两组,各组在年龄、健康状况等方面均无显著性差异。
乳腺增生的诊断标准按照《外科学》有关乳腺增生症的诊断标准。(陈考平,汪建平.外科学[M].8版.北京.人民卫生出版社,2013.254-255)。同时,排除妊娠期及哺乳期、乳腺炎、乳腺恶性肿瘤、服用所有激素类药物者、有严重的心肝肾疾患者、精神病患者。
实验组的患者服用本发明实施例1的组合物颗粒(见实验例1中制备方法),每次12g,开水冲服,每日早、晚各1次,7天为一疗程,连续服用12个疗程;对照组患者服用乳癖消片,严格按照该药的用量标准,2.4mg/片,每次3片,每日早、中、晚各1次,7天为一疗程,连续服用12个疗程。
疗效标准参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》制定,具体如下:
(1)痊愈:治疗后乳房疼痛消失,乳房肿块消失,证候积分值为0;
(2)显效:治疗后疼痛消失,增厚的肿块软化并散开,肿块缩小大于50%以上者;
(3)有效:治疗后疼痛明显缓解,肿块变软,肿块缩小小于50%者;
(4)无效:治疗后疼痛仍无缓解,肿块大小、质地无改变。
表3改善乳腺增生的药物组合物的临床应用效果
痊愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | |
实验组(50人) | 42 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
对照组(50人) | 35 | 10 | 2 | 3 |
表3数据表明,本发明提供的改善乳腺增生的药物组合物的临床应用效果优于市售的乳癖消片,具有潜在的应用价值。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药材制成:40-55份沙苑子、15-28份薤白、25-40份八月札、10-20份丝瓜络、5-12份柴胡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改善乳腺增生的药物组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药材制成:48份沙苑子、21份薤白、32份八月札、15份丝瓜络、9份柴胡。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述的改善乳腺增生的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将柴胡粉碎后,置于醋中闷润,干燥后备用;
(2)沙苑子、薤白、八月札粉碎,与步骤(1)的柴胡混合后,加入乙醇,回流浸提,提取液浓缩至浸膏状,得到混合提取物备用;
(3)丝瓜络煎炒后加入水,回流浸提,提取液浓缩至浸膏状,得到丝瓜络提取物备用;
(4)将步骤(2)的混合提取物以及步骤(3)的丝瓜络提取物混合,即得所述改善乳腺增生的药物组合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中醋为陈醋,闷润温度为80-90℃,闷润时间为6-8h。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中干燥温度为60-70℃,干燥时间为12-20h。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中药材总质量与乙醇的体积比为1:8-12,所述质量与体积的比值关系为g/mL。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中乙醇的体积百分数为80-95%,回流浸提温度为60-70℃,浸提时间为50-70min,浸提次数为2-4次。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中丝瓜络与水的质量比为1:10-12。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)回流浸提温度为90-100℃,浸提时间为1-1.5h。
10.一种改善乳腺增生的药物制剂,其特征在于包括权利要求1或2所述改善乳腺增生疾病的药物组合物或者权利要求3-9任一项所述制备方法制备得到的药物组合物以及药学上可接受的辅料,制备成片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂和合剂中的一种或多种。
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