CN115029294A - 一种桫椤孢子无菌繁殖的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种桫椤孢子无菌繁殖的方法,S1、选择当年发育成熟的孢子,采集时将带有孢子囊的叶片一并采下,密封遮光后置于0~5℃的环境中存放12~48h;后杀菌消毒,将叶片上的孢子剥离后再次灭菌备用;S2、将孢子接种至诱导培养基中进行培养,待其萌发形成原叶体;S3、将原叶体转入增殖培养基中进行增殖培养,待培养过程中出现孢子体幼苗时,将孢子体幼苗切割,并将原叶体切割成块状,分别接入培养基中,进行孢子体生根培养基孢子体诱导,获得桫椤幼孢子体无菌苗。本发明通过桫椤孢子诱导培养桫椤原叶体,而桫椤原叶体增殖速度快,可以产生幼孢子体,为获得大量无菌桫椤孢子体幼苗提供保障。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物保存及组织培养技术领域,具体涉及一种桫椤孢子无菌繁殖的方法。
背景技术
桫椤(学名:Alsophila spinulosa(Wall.ex Hook.)R.M.Tryon),别名蛇木,是桫椤科、桫椤属蕨类植物。桫椤茎干高达6米或更高,上部有残存的叶柄,向下密被交织的不定根。桫椤有“蕨类植物之王”、“活化石”的赞誉,是目前已经发现的唯一的木本蕨类植物,极其珍贵,早在1.8亿年前,桫椤曾是地球上最繁盛的植物,与恐龙一样,同属“爬行动物”时代的两大标志。关于桫椤的繁殖培育,桫椤属于孢子繁殖,按说成株所产的孢子数量巨大,然而,由于桫椤的孢子,从萌发至形成幼孢子体这一过程,费时达1年以上,再加上桫椤的叶片呈伞形,光照不足限制了附近幼株发育生长,另外,温度、湿度等环境影响,造成了自然界桫椤繁殖生长缓慢。甚至还有人为的挖掘破坏、人类对自然生态环境的疯狂掠夺造成的环境改变等因素,使得桫椤资源越来越稀少,保护桫椤的道路任重而道远。
发明内容
本发明提供一种桫椤孢子无菌繁殖的方法,从桫椤孢子采集、孢子预处理、孢子体灭菌及原叶体诱导增殖,获得大量桫椤孢子体幼苗,成功解决了桫椤在自然界中繁殖生长缓慢的难题。
本发明的技术方案是,一种桫椤孢子无菌繁殖的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、选择当年发育成熟的孢子,采集时将带有孢子囊的叶片一并采下,密封遮光后置于0℃~5的环境中存放12~48h;后杀菌消毒,将叶片上的孢子剥离后再次灭菌备用;
S2、将孢子接种至诱导培养基中进行培养,待其萌发形成原叶体;
S3、将原叶体转入增殖培养基中进行增殖培养,当原叶体生长翠绿、长势较好时,再将原叶体切割成块状,分别接入原叶体诱导孢子体培养基中,进行原叶体诱导孢子体培养,获得桫椤幼孢子体无菌苗。
进一步地,S1中采集的带有成熟孢子的叶片用试管密封后放入黑布袋内,避免孢子见光后从孢子囊内脱落。
进一步地,S1中置于冰箱中低温保存,温度为0℃,时间为36h。
进一步地,S1中杀菌消毒时,将带有孢子囊的一面朝上平放在培养皿中,先用紫外线孢子囊表面杀菌30~60min,然后用纱布带叶片的孢子囊包裹并捆扎,用70~75%酒精内不停晃动消毒20~30s,再用0.1%升汞内不停晃动消毒6~8min,无菌水冲洗3~4遍,接着用无菌滤纸吸干表面水分,打开包裹,在纱布上剥离叶片上的桫椤孢子囊,再用纱布包裹后,用0.05%升汞内不停晃动进行次灭菌4-5min,用无菌水冲洗5-6遍,最后取出桫椤孢子囊用接种刀剥离孢子于无菌滤纸上备用。
进一步地,S2中诱导培养基配方为MS+GA31.0mg/L+蔗糖3%mg/L+琼脂0.6%mg/L,pH 5.8。
进一步地,S2中孢子接种至诱导培养基时,采用无菌接种环,用无菌水将其浸泡至湿润,用湿润的接种环蘸取桫椤孢子接入到培养基表面,保持每次接种的孢子体数量一致进行培养。
进一步地,S2中诱导培养为培养箱暗培养,温度18~20℃。在黑暗环境下能够快速促进孢子萌发。
进一步地,S3中增殖培养基为1/2MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L+蔗糖3%mg/L+琼脂0.6%mg/L,pH 5.8。
进一步地,S3中增殖培养时,光照时间12h/d,光照强度2000-3000Lx,培养温度24±1℃。
进一步地,S3中原叶体切割成块状后进行原叶体诱导孢子体培养基为:1/2MS+蔗糖3%+琼脂0.7%,pH5.8。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明采集的带有成熟孢子的叶片经低温处理及杀菌消毒后再剥离出孢子,通过带有叶片的孢子囊一起处理,可有效避免孢子从孢子囊中脱落,保证孢子数量,而且操作简便易行;通过低温处理,能够在一定程度上打破孢子休眠,促进桫椤孢子快速萌发。桫椤孢子带叶片灭菌先采用紫外灯、70-75%酒精和两种不同浓度的升汞组合灭菌消毒方式能够有效、彻底控制各种细菌和真菌的滋生。
2、本发明在对桫椤孢子进行接种时,采用接种环进行蘸取接种,在一定程度上保证每次接种孢子的数量,操作简单,减少人为的交叉污染。通过桫椤孢子诱导培养桫椤原叶体,而桫椤原叶体增殖速度快,可以产生幼孢子体,为获得大量无菌桫椤孢子体幼苗提供保障。
3、本发明从桫椤孢子采集、孢子预处理、孢子体灭菌及原叶体诱导增殖,桫椤原叶体增殖速度快,原叶体诱导幼孢子体及孢子体增殖培养,获得大量无菌桫椤孢子体幼苗,从孢子体萌发到原叶体诱导孢子体幼苗仅需要23d,成功的解决了桫椤在自然界中繁殖生长缓慢和人为破坏的影响。
附图说明
图1:36h暗处理诱导原叶体的照片。
图2:DCR基本培养基原叶体诱导的孢子体的照片。
图3:1/2MS基本培养基原叶体诱导的孢子体的照片。
图4:WPM基本培养基原叶体诱导的孢子体的照片。
图5:MS基本培养基原叶体诱导的孢子体的照片。
图6:B5基本培养基原叶体诱导的孢子体的照片。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。
实施例1:
1.桫椤孢子无菌繁殖快速诱导原叶体
1.1实验材料材料来源于湖北省宜昌市五峰县林科所4-5年生桫椤母株,采集当年发育成熟孢子,将带有孢子囊的叶片一并采下备用。
1.2实验器具剪刀、培养皿、烧杯、滤纸、高密度纱布及接种刀、接种环、镊子等实验器具。
1.3选择生长健壮桫椤母株,采集当年发育成熟孢子,将带有孢子囊的叶片采下,用试管密封后放入黑布袋保存,避免孢子见光后孢子脱落。然后将包装好的桫椤孢子置于0-5℃冰箱低温处理,并设常温(24±1℃)保存作为对照,设置低温处理时间梯度分别为12h、24h、36h、48h,通过四个低温处理和一个对照(CK),最后统计低温处理后对桫椤孢子萌发的影响。
1.4将预处理好的带叶片的桫椤孢子囊,将带有孢子囊的一面朝上平放培养皿中,先在超净工作台上用紫外灯杀菌30min,用高密度纱布将带叶片的孢子囊包裹并捆扎,然后用75%酒精内不停晃动消毒30s,再用0.1%升汞不停晃动消毒8min,无菌水冲洗3遍,接着将桫椤带孢子囊的叶片放入无菌滤纸吸干表面水分,打开包裹,在高密度纱布上剥离叶片上的桫椤孢子囊,用高密度纱布包裹后,在采用0.05%升汞在进行第二次灭菌4min,用无菌水冲洗6遍,同时与不进行0.05%升汞第二次灭菌进行比较,最后取出桫椤孢子囊用接种刀剥离孢子于无菌滤纸上备用。
1.5桫椤原叶体诱导及增殖培养桫椤孢子诱导配子体配方设计为MS+GA31.0mg/L+蔗糖3%mg/L+琼脂0.6%mg/L PH 5.8,将5种不同处理的桫椤孢子分别接种到此配方中,诱导桫椤孢子萌发(低温处理后材料培养条件为:培养箱暗培养,温度18-20℃;对照CK培养条件为:光照时间12h/d,光照强度2000-3000Lx,培养温度24±1℃)接种工具采用消毒后的接种环,接种时将接种环用无菌水浸泡至湿润,用湿润的接种环迅速蘸取桫椤孢子接入到培养基表面,每瓶均接种一次。5种处理分3个重复,每个重复5瓶,每个处理共15瓶,进行不同低温处理后,再分别进行一周暗处理和光培养诱导原叶体。
接种7d后统计污染率和每天观察桫椤孢子萌发情况,萌芽率计算方式采用以下公式:萌芽率(单视野)=萌发孢子数(单视野)/孢子总数(单视野)×100%(20个视野平均计算),根据桫椤孢子萌发情况随时进行统计(桫椤孢子萌发情况见表1)。5种处理经过紫外灯、70-75%酒精和两次不同浓度的升汞灭菌7d后统计污染率为零,而不进行第二次0.05%升汞处理污染率为15.24%,说明这种不同灭菌方式组合能够有效、彻底控制各种细菌和真菌的滋生。由表2可以看出:低温暗处理后和常温(对照CK)处理存在显著差异,4种低温处理、暗培养后桫椤孢子萌发天数比对照提前26-29d,且低温处理萌芽率均大于对照,超过接近5%;在低温处理中以处理36h效果最好,萌芽天数仅3d,萌芽率高达96.45。
表1:桫椤带叶片孢子采用0.05%升汞二次对外植体污染的影响
表2:低温处理不同时间和培养方式对桫椤孢子萌发的影响
注:萌芽以孢子接种到培养基表面后出现绿色小点即为萌发。
桫椤孢子萌发后的原叶体转入增殖培养基:1/2MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L+蔗糖3%+琼脂0.6%PH 5.8中,30d统计桫椤原叶体的增值率。结果表明:桫椤原叶体接种到增殖培养基中30d后原叶体颜色翠绿,且长势较好,并开始出现了少量孢子体幼苗,增殖系数达到79.15。培养条件为:光照时间12h/d,光照强度2000-3000Lx,培养温度24±1℃。
1.6桫椤原叶体诱导孢子体培养
桫椤原叶体在增殖到一定数量时,将生长正常的原叶体切割成1cm2小块,分别接入高温灭菌后的基本培养基(基本培养基为只含有该类型培养基营养元素成分,不含有任何激素的培养基):Y1:DCR+蔗糖3%+泥炭土;Y2:1/2MS+蔗糖3%+泥炭土;Y3:WPM+蔗糖2%+泥炭土;Y4:MS+蔗糖3%+泥炭土;Y5:B5+蔗糖3%+泥炭土,等培养基中进行原叶体诱导孢子体,每种基本培养基接种30瓶,每瓶接种1cm2原叶体一个,采用三重复单因素比较。30d后统计原叶体诱导孢子体的诱导率。桫椤原叶体诱导孢子体的培养条件为:光照时间12h/d,光照强度2000-3000Lx,培养温度24±1℃。具体见表3和图2~图6。
表3:桫椤原叶体诱导孢子体
桫椤孢子萌发形成原叶体后,也可以将原叶体不经增殖培养直接诱导孢子体幼苗,具体实施时,桫椤原叶体诱导孢子体20d后,即可出现孢子体幼苗;上述五个处理中20d后均可见孢子体幼苗,30d统计五个处理原叶体诱导效果依次为:Y2>Y4>Y3>Y1>Y5,其中以Y2的培养基用于原叶体诱导孢子体诱导率高,达到100%。
Claims (10)
1.一种桫椤孢子无菌繁殖的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、选择当年发育成熟的孢子,采集时将带有孢子囊的叶片一并采下,密封遮光后置于0~5℃的环境中存放12~48h;后杀菌消毒,将叶片上的孢子剥离后再次灭菌备用;
S2、将孢子接种至诱导培养基中进行培养,待其萌发形成原叶体;
S3、将原叶体转入增殖培养基中进行增殖培养,待培养过程中出现孢子体幼苗时,将孢子体幼苗切割,并将原叶体切割成块状,分别接入培养基中,进行原叶体诱导孢子体培养,获得桫椤幼孢子体无菌苗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S1中采集的带有成熟孢子的叶片用试管密封后放入黑布袋内,避免孢子见光后从孢子囊内脱落。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S1中置于冰箱中低温保存,温度为0℃,时间为36h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S1中杀菌消毒时,将带有孢子囊的一面朝上平放在培养皿中,先用紫外线孢子囊表面杀菌30~60min,然后用纱布带叶片的孢子囊包裹并捆扎,用70~75%酒精内不停晃动消毒20~30s,再用0.1%升汞内不停晃动消毒6~8min,无菌水冲洗3~4遍,接着用无菌滤纸吸干表面水分,打开包裹,在纱布上剥离叶片上的桫椤孢子囊,再用纱布包裹后,用0.05%升汞内不停晃动进行次灭菌4-5min,用无菌水冲洗5-6遍,最后取出桫椤孢子囊用接种刀剥离孢子于无菌滤纸上备用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S2中诱导培养基配方为MS+GA31.0mg/L+蔗糖3%mg/L+琼脂0.6%mg/L,pH 5.8。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S2中孢子接种至诱导培养基时,采用无菌接种环,用无菌水将其浸泡至湿润,用湿润的接种环蘸取桫椤孢子接入到培养基表面,保持每次接种的孢子体数量一致进行培养。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S2中诱导培养为培养箱暗培养,温度18~20℃。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:S3中增殖培养基为1/2MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L+蔗糖3%mg/L+琼脂0.6%mg/L,pH 5.8。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S3中增殖培养时,光照时间12h/d,光照强度2000-3000Lx,培养温度24±1℃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S3中原叶体切割成块状后进行原叶体诱导孢子体培养基为:1/2MS+蔗糖3%+琼脂0.7% ,pH5.8。
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