CN115010507A - 一种可变形弹性隔热材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于材料技术领域,具体涉及一种可变形弹性隔热材料及其制备方法。该可变形弹性隔热材料包括短切陶瓷纤维和高温粘接剂,陶瓷纤维直径为5nm‑1000nm,高温粘接剂的直径为0.5μm‑5μm,可变形弹性隔热材料的密度为0.15g/cm3‑0.20g/cm3。该可变形弹性隔热材料可以耐1100℃‑1300℃高温,热导率为0.043W/m·K‑0.061W/m·K,密度为0.15g/cm3‑0.2g/cm3,压缩强度可达0.6Mpa‑1.3MPa,介电常数低为1.1‑1.5,具有良好的隔热透波性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料技术领域,具体涉及一种可变形弹性隔热材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
多孔陶瓷隔热材料主要用于高温隔热,但是其具有本征的脆性,限制了其应用,此外未来随着高速飞行器的发展,可变体飞行器等高端装备是一个重要的方向,对其相应的防隔热材料也提出了具有可大变形,且变形后能够快速、近乎原尺寸、强形状回复能力的迫切要求。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明目的在于提供一种可变形弹性隔热材料,该弹性隔热材料具有耐高温、隔热、高弹性、强形状回复能力,同时还有轻质、透波等性能,可以满足高速飞行器、民用装备等高低温热端部件对隔热材料、动密封材料、静密封材料以及透波隔热材料等的使用需求。
为了达到上述目的,可以采用以下技术方案:
本发明一方面提供了一种可变形弹性隔热材料,其包括短切陶瓷纤维和高温粘接剂,陶瓷纤维直径为5nm-1000nm,高温粘接剂的直径为0.5μm-5μm,可变形弹性隔热材料的密度为0.15g/cm3-0.2g/cm3。
本发明另一方面提供了一种上述可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法,包括:(1)将短切陶瓷纤维与水混合充分分散得分散液a;(2)将高温粘接剂与分散液a混合均匀得分散液b;(3)将分散液b倒入模具中,制备成湿陶瓷纤维骨架,干燥得预成型体;(4)将预成型体在马弗炉中热处理得可变形弹性隔热材料。
本发明有益效果至少包括:
(1)本发明提供的可变形弹性隔热材料可以耐1100℃-1300℃高温,热导率为0.043W/m·K-0.061W/m·K,密度为0.15g/cm3-0.2g/cm3,压缩强度可达0.6Mpa-1.3MPa,介电常数低为1.1-1.5,具有良好的隔热透波性能;
(2)本发明提供的可变形弹性隔热材料压缩强度最高可达0.5MPa,且可以实现在30%-50%的压缩变形后的完全回复,解决了刚性隔热瓦脆性大,抗震动、抗噪声性能弱等问题;
(3)本发明提供的可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法采用压滤法或真空抽滤的方法成型,工艺简单易行,尺寸及形状可调控,而且易于加工,可根据具体设计要求确定。
具体实施方式
所举实施例是为了更好地对本发明进行说明,但并不是本发明的内容仅局限于所举实施例。所以熟悉本领域的技术人员根据上述发明内容对实施方案进行非本质的改进和调整,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
本文中使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例,并且无意于限制本公开。除非在上下文中具有明显不同的含义,否则单数形式的表达包括复数形式的表达。如本文所使用的,应当理解,诸如“包括”、“具有”、“包含”之类的术语旨在指示特征、数字、操作、组件、零件、元件、材料或组合的存在。在说明书中公开了本发明的术语,并且不旨在排除可能存在或可以添加一个或多个其他特征、数字、操作、组件、部件、元件、材料或其组合的可能性。如在此使用的,根据情况,“/”可以被解释为“和”或“或”。
本发明一方面提供了一种可变形弹性隔热材料,在一些实施例中,其包括短切陶瓷纤维和高温粘接剂,陶瓷纤维直径可以为5nm-1000nm,比如10nm、100nm、500mm和800mm等;
高温粘接剂的直径可以为0.5μm-5μm,比如1μm、2μm或4μm等;可变形弹性隔热材料的密度为0.15g/cm3-0.2g/cm3,比如0.16g/cm3、0.17g/cm3或0.18g/cm3等。
具体地,上述可变形弹性隔热材料为多孔结构,可以向孔内填充二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化锆气凝胶等隔热组元,获得隔热性能更佳优异的耐高温隔热材料。
进一步地,上述陶瓷纤维可以为二氧化硅、石英、氧化铝、氧化锆等陶瓷纤维中的一种或多种。例如,陶瓷纤维可以为二氧化硅和氧化铝的混合,质量比可以为4:1。
进一步地,上述高温粘接剂可以为硅粉、碳化硅、氧化硼、二氧化硅、硼硅玻璃中的一种或多种。比如高温粘接剂可以为氮化硼、氧化硼和二氧化硅的混合物,质量比例为3:1:1。
本发明另一方面提供了一种上述可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法,在一些实施例中,可以包括:(1)将切碎的陶瓷纤维与水混合充分分散得分散液a;(2)将高温粘接剂与分散液a混合均匀得分散液b;(3)将分散液b倒入模具中,制备成湿陶瓷纤维骨架,干燥得预成型体;(4)将预成型体在马弗炉中热处理得可变形弹性隔热材料。
进一步地,上述步骤(3)中,可以采用压滤法或真空抽滤法制备成所需密度的多孔陶瓷纤维骨架,需要说明的是,在步骤中,需要根据可变形弹性隔热材料所需的0.15g/cm3-0.2g/cm3密度,通过压滤过程或真空抽滤过程,使得最终得到的可变形弹性隔热材料的密度为0.15g/cm3-0.2g/cm3。
进一步地,上述可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法中,切碎的陶瓷纤维长度小于1mm。
进一步地,上述可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法中,切碎的陶瓷纤维、高温粘接剂与水的质量比为1:(0.02-0.04):(50-60);在某些具体实施例中,切碎的陶瓷纤维、高温粘接剂与水的质量比可以为1:0.03:55、1:0.025:58或1:0.035:59等。
进一步地,上述可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法中,步骤(2)中,混合均匀的方法包括:搅拌混合均匀,搅拌转速可以为1100r/min-1300r/min,比如1200r/min、1250r/min或1280r/min等;搅拌时间可以为25min-30min,比如26min、27min或28min等;应当理解的是,搅拌的方式或设备可以是本领域所已知的方式或者设备,比如搅拌机、磁石搅拌等。
进一步地,上述可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法中,步骤(3)中,干燥温度可以为75℃-85℃,比如78℃、80℃或82℃等;在某些具体实施例中,为了干燥充分以及节约时间,干燥时间可以为2h;应当理解的是,干燥的方式可以是本领域所已知的方式,比如使用烘箱干燥。
进一步地,上述可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法中,步骤(4)中,热处理温度可以为1100℃-1400℃,比如1200℃、1300℃或1350℃等;热处理时间可以为40min-60min,比如45min、50min或55min等。
具体地,上述高温粘结剂在高温熔融或氧化生成成的氧化物熔融附着在纤维表面作为纤维的粘结剂将纤维搭接起来,在纤维搭接处形成了节点,使得纤维骨架具有很高的力学性能;纤维本身介电性能优良,骨架材料的多孔结构提供了又隔热性能和透波性能,实现了介电性能和隔热性能的协调匹配。
具体地,本发明采用短切陶瓷纤维作为结构单元,陶瓷粉体(硅粉、碳化硅、氧化硼、二氧化硅、硼硅玻璃中的一种或多种)作为粘接剂,通过压滤或真空抽滤成型制备出多孔陶瓷纤维隔热材料。所制备的材料具有可压缩形变量大、轻质、高承载、耐高温、隔热等性能,其密度和弹性可根据使用性能需求进行调控。
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合具体示例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的示例。
实施例1
本发明实施例中,短切陶瓷纤维由二氧化硅和氧化铝按照质量比4:1组成,平均直径为200nm;高温粘接剂由氮化硼、氧化硼和二氧化硅按照质量比例为3:1:1组成;
然后按照以下步骤制备可变形弹性隔热材料:
(1)将16g二氧化硅短切纤维和4g氧化铝纤维加入1000g去离子水中,分散均匀,将搅拌好的分散液倒入烧杯中;搅拌转速为1000r/min,搅拌时间为2min-3min;
(2)将0.24g氮化硼、0.08g氧化硼和0.08g二氧化硅陶瓷颗粒加入分散液中,用机械搅拌机搅拌均匀,搅拌机转速为700r/min,搅拌时间为20min;
(3)将步骤(2)搅拌好的分散液倒入模具中,模具为底部有小孔、长度为120mm,宽度为50mm的方形套筒;采用压滤法控制厚度,制备成厚度为10mm的多孔陶瓷纤维骨架。将纤维骨架放入烘箱干燥,得到多孔陶瓷纤维隔热材料预成型体,其中烘箱温度为80℃,保温时间为2h;
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的预成型体放入马弗炉中热处理,热处理温度为1150℃,热处理时间为40min得到可变形弹性隔热材料;
将制备得到的变形弹性隔热材料采用GB/T10295-2008标准进行热导率测试,测试结果为:室温下热导率为0.04362W/m·K;采用GB/T5597-1999标准进行介电常数测试,测试结果为介电常数为1.4;采用GB/T1964-1996标准进行压缩强度测试,测试结果为:压缩强度为0.8MPa。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种可变形弹性隔热材料,其特征在于,包括短切陶瓷纤维和高温粘接剂,陶瓷纤维直径为5nm-1000nm,高温粘接剂的直径为0.5μm-5μm,可变形弹性隔热材料的密度为0.15g/cm3-0.2g/cm3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可变形弹性隔热材料,其特征在于,陶瓷纤维为二氧化硅、石英、氧化铝、氧化锆等陶瓷纤维中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的可变形弹性隔热材料,其特征在于,高温粘接剂为硅粉、碳化硅、氧化硼、二氧化硅、硼硅玻璃中的一种或多种。
4.权利要求1至3中任一所述的可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:(1)将切碎的陶瓷纤维与水混合充分分散得分散液a;(2)将高温粘接剂与分散液a混合均匀得分散液b;(3)将分散液b倒入模具中,制备成湿陶瓷纤维骨架,干燥得预成型体;(4)将预成型体在马弗炉中热处理得可变形弹性隔热材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,切碎的陶瓷纤维长度小于1mm。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,切碎的陶瓷纤维、高温粘接剂与水的质量比为1:(0.02-0.04):(50-60)。
7.根据权利要求4或5所述的可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,混合均匀的方法包括:搅拌混合均匀,搅拌转速为1100r/min-1300r/min,搅拌时间为25min-30min。
8.根据权利要求4或5所述的可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,干燥温度为75℃-85℃。
9.根据权利要求4或5所述的可变形弹性隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,热处理温度为1100℃-1200℃。
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