CN114989986B - 一种富含多种活性成分的野生桑黄菌及其培养方法、应用 - Google Patents
一种富含多种活性成分的野生桑黄菌及其培养方法、应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种富含多种活性成分的野生桑黄菌及其培养方法、应用,经鉴定所述菌种为粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus,纤孔菌属,锈革孔菌科,保藏编号为GDMCC NO:62276。所属培育方法为包括子实体组织分离后制作母种,母种经培养后进行分离纯化得到原种。本发明所发现的桑黄菌富含多种活性成分,其中所含的多糖、多酚、黄酮、三萜等活性成分均处于较高水平,为提取活性成分、抗癌、抗氧化药品的研发,提供了较好的原料。本发明所发现的菌株,是一种药用潜力巨大,且极具开发潜力的品种。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,涉及一种珍惜药用真菌,具体涉及一种富含多种活性成分的野生桑黄菌及其培养方法、应用,该桑黄菌富含多酚、黄酮、三萜等将活性成分。
背景技术
桑黄是一种药用潜力巨大的木腐真菌,常发现于桑树树干,其子实体的颜色各异,通常为黄褐色由此而得名,民间也称之桑臣、桑耳等。桑黄是一类硬质多孔菌,目前在分类学上对其划分尚不明确,通常是属于锈革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)的多种药用真菌的总称。其蕴含的抗氧化成分丰富,其活性提取物是制备抗癌,肿瘤治疗药物的有效成分。
时至今日,在经济快速发展和社会进步的引领下,生活水平逐渐提高,人们对于健康问题愈加重视,养生以及日常的防护逐渐变得流行,从以往的药补到食补,逐渐转变为现在的药食同源,在药食同源的大趋势下,一些具有抗癌、抗氧化功效的天然药材或者天然菌种逐渐引起人们的重视,而桑黄作为一种富含活性物质的菌种,因其优秀的抗氧化能力,提高免疫力的能力以及对于人体的修护能力,逐渐展露于人们的视野中,本研究的目的就是挖掘优良的富含生物活性成分的桑黄菌种。
秦汉时的《神农本草经》中曾记载“桑耳,黑者、生山谷,主女痛,阴阳寒热无强志”。“桑黄”一词最早出现于唐初甄权所著《药性论》中[3]。中医学上普遍认为桑黄具有利五脏、排毒、止泻和止血等药效,可用于治疗盗汗、血崩、痢疾、脱肛和闭经等症。现代药理学以小鼠作为研究模型发现,桑黄提取物对肉瘤、肺癌、脑胶质瘤、肝癌、乳腺癌、人源性结肠癌等均有良好的抗瘤作用,同时还有增强机体免疫,保肝护肝,以及治疗关节炎等作用。综上所述,桑黄具有极高的研究与开发价值。
发明内容
本发明提供一种一种富含多种活性成分的野生桑黄菌,该桑黄菌富含多酚、黄酮、三萜等将活性成分,具有极高的开发价值。
本发明还提供了一种上述野生桑黄菌的培养方法。
本发明还提供了一种上述野生桑黄菌在用于制备抗氧化、制备或治疗或预防癌症的药物中的应用。
本发明为了实现上述目的所采用的技术方案为:
本发明提供了一种富含多种活性成分的野生桑黄菌,所述菌株为粗毛纤孔菌Inonotushispidus,于2022年3月6日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCCNO:62276。
本发明的富含多种活性成分的野生桑黄菌种采自中国山东省夏津百年古桑园,经鉴定为一株粗毛纤孔菌,从野生子实体分离培养,获得母种,命名为SH-18。
本发明还提供了一种上述野生桑黄菌的培养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采集回来的野生桑黄子实体在无菌条件下,将实体用75%(v/v)酒精棉擦拭表面进行消毒,酒精棉不宜过于湿润,擦拭后的子实体不能残留酒精以及棉絮。用酒精灯灼烧刀片进行消毒,之后用刀片沿子实体纤维划开,切开后再次灼烧刀片,用刀片在切面中心割出方格,以便之后用镊子夹取,用酒精灯灼烧过的尖嘴镊子夹取已经切割好的子实体组织;
(2)制作母种:将分离下来的子实体转移至培养基内,置于30℃恒温避光培养;
(3)制作原种:待菌丝生长而其他杂菌尚未生长时,进行尖端菌丝挑取,挑取至培养基,置于30℃恒温避光培养。
进一步的,步骤(2)和(3)中,所述培养基均为2.4-2.5%马铃薯葡萄糖水,1.4-1.5%琼脂,余量的水分。
本发明还提供了一种野生桑黄菌或其提取物在制备抗氧化、治疗或预防癌症的药物中的应用。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明筛选出新的野生桑黄菌,其所含活性成分丰富,多酚含量19.58mg/g,黄酮含量17.8 mg/g,多糖含量96.35mg/g,三萜含量9.1mg/g,均处在较高水平,具有极高的研究与开发价值。
(2)本发明提供的筛选方法简单、高效。本发明在制备抗氧化、治疗或预防癌症的药物物方面具有良好的应用前景,药用潜力极大,能够提高人体免疫力。
保藏信息
保藏时间:2022年3月6日;
保藏单位:广东省微生物菌种保藏中心;
保藏编号:GDMCC NO:62276;
保藏单位地址:广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼广东省微生物研究所;
分类命名:Inonotus hispidus
附图说明
图1为实施例1的菌株培养形貌图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1
(1)采自中国山东省夏津百年古桑园的野生桑黄子实体在无菌条件下,将实体用75%(v/v)酒精棉擦拭表面进行消毒,酒精棉不宜过于湿润,擦拭后的子实体不能残留酒精以及棉絮。用酒精灯灼烧刀片进行消毒,之后用刀片沿子实体纤维划开,切开后再次灼烧刀片,用刀片在切面中心割出方格,以便之后用镊子夹取,用酒精灯灼烧过的尖嘴镊子夹取已经切割好的子实体组织;
(2)制作母种培养基:将平板121℃高温高压灭菌后,将配好并灭菌的PDA倒板,待其凝固;
(3)制作母种:将分离下来的子实体转移至马铃薯葡萄糖固体培养基(2.4-2.5%马铃薯葡萄糖水,1.4-1.5%琼脂,95-96%的水分)内,置于30℃恒温箱内避光培养;
(4)制作原种:待菌丝生长而其他杂菌尚未生长时,进行尖端菌丝挑取,挑取至PDA培养基(2.4-2.5%马铃薯葡萄糖水,1.4-1.5%琼脂,95-96%的水分),置于30℃恒温箱内避光培养。
该菌株生长较慢,培养三周左右后,菌落直径约7-9cm,生长初期长出白色绒状菌丝,随着生长,菌丝由白色逐渐转变为黄褐色,但菌落边缘新鲜菌丝仍为白色。如图1所示。
本发明筛选出的菌株,经鉴定为一株粗毛纤孔菌,从野生子实体分离培养,获得母种,命名为SH-18,于2022年3月6日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(简称GDMCC,地址为:中国广东)保藏编号为GDMCC NO:62276。
实施例筛选出的野生桑黄菌SH-18(Inonotushispidus),属锈革孔菌科,纤孔菌属,形态颜色各异,呈黑色或者黄褐色,伞盖成马蹄状,子实体单生,部分样品子实体表面光滑,部分样品子实体表面有毛糙物。在30℃条件下避光生长,在DNA水平上,ITS测序结果与其他桑黄品种不同,具有唯一性。
本发明筛选的野生桑黄菌,其所含活性成分丰富,多酚含量19.58mg/g,黄酮含量17.8 mg/g,多糖含量96.35mg/g,三萜含量9.1mg/g。
挑取原种培养基进行液体培养,待菌丝球数量足够时,使用液氮研磨,按照植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取桑黄样本基因组,通过真菌内转录间隔区通用引物ITS1/ITS4,由上海生工生物工程股份有限公司合成引物;引物具体如下:
ITS1:TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG,
ITS4:TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC,
进行ITS-PCR实验体系为50μL,具体如表1所示。
表1
反应条件为:首先在94 ℃下预变性3 min,之后94 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,共进行35个循环,最后72 ℃延伸5 min。扩增产物送上海生工生物工程股份有限公司进行测序。
利用NCBI数据库对SH-18ITS序列在线BLAST,发现其与Inonotushispidus cloneSH1相似性高达99%,经鉴定为一株粗毛纤孔菌,并命名为SH-18。
效果实施例1:桑黄菌多糖的提取
多糖的提取根据GB/T 15672-2009食用菌中总糖含量的测定的方法进行,方法如下
1、制作葡萄糖标准曲线
绘制葡萄糖标准曲线:分别吸取0 mL、0.2 mL、0.4 mL、0.6 mL、0.8 mL、1.0 mL的葡萄糖标准溶液(100 mg/L)至10 mL具塞比色管,用蒸馏水补齐至1.0 mL,并向溶液中加入1.0 mL的苯酚溶液5%(v/v)。迅速加入5.0 mL浓硫酸,静置反应10 min,之后将比色管置于30 ℃恒温水浴锅中20 min。取一定量反应液在490 nm条件下测吸光度。基于测得的数值,以葡萄糖浓度为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。
2、样品中多糖的检测
准确称取0.25 g碾碎后的菌体粉末,加入50 mL蒸馏水,沸水浴3 h,同时以不加菌丝球粉末,只加蒸馏水的一组进行沸水浴3 h作为空白对照。沸水浴结束后进行过滤,得到的滤液为胞内多糖含量检测样品。
3、样品测定
样品多糖含量检测:准确吸取稀释后(为了保证实验结果的准确,将液体稀释到吸光度在0.2~0.8量程之间)的各样品0.1 mL于10 mL具塞比色管,用蒸馏水补至1 mL,向比色管中加入1.0 mL苯酚溶液5%(v/v)。快速加入5 mL浓硫酸,静置反应10 min,将比色管置于30 ℃水浴锅中20 min。参照标准曲线绘制方法测定吸光度值,每种菌株做三次重复,并做空白对照,用以分光光度计调零。以标准曲线计算各样品多糖含量。
效果实施例2 桑黄菌多酚的提取
1、制作标准曲线
准确吸取没食子酸标准储备液(200 mg/L)1ml 与10ml容量瓶内用70%乙醇溶液)定容,得到没食子酸工作液。然后分别移取没食子酸工作液0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,1.0,1.5 mL分别置于10 mL容量瓶中,加入2.5 mL福林酚试剂,摇匀,加入2.5 mL15%Na2CO3溶液(4.2.1),加水定容至刻度,摇匀。在40℃水浴60min,静置冷却20min。760nm下测定其吸光度值。以浓度为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。
2、样品中多酚的检测
精确称取0.4g菌体粉末,加入4ml 70%乙醇,55℃超声提取 1h后,6000rpm 离心10min,收集上清液,残渣用3ml 70%乙醇溶液重复提取2次,提取条件同上,合并3次上清液,用70%乙醇定容至10ml 即为醇提物样品液,用于黄酮、多酚和三萜含量的测定。
3、样品检测
吸取1.0 mL滤液于10 mL比色管中,加入2.5 mL福林酚试剂,摇匀,加入2.5 mL15%Na2CO3溶液,加水定容至刻度,摇匀。在40℃水浴60min,静置冷却20min,760nm下测定其吸光度值。根据标准曲线计算待测液中总多酚的浓度。
效果实施例3 桑黄菌中黄酮的提取
1、标准曲线
芦丁标准溶液的制备:
精密称取经干燥至恒重的芦丁标品50mg,是用无水乙醇溶解并定容于50ml容量瓶中。吸取0.2 g/L的芦丁标准品溶液0.1 mL、0.2 mL、0.3 mL、0.4 mL、0.5 mL于试管中,并补加无水乙醇至1.5 mL。依次加入100 g/L的硝酸铝溶液0.1 mL,和98 g/L的醋酸钾溶液0.1mL,并加水补至5 mL。静置1 h,以30%(v/v)乙醇为空白,在420 nm波长下测吸光度值,绘制标准曲线。
2、样品检测
取待测样品1.5 mL并依次加入100 g/L的硝酸铝溶液0.1 mL, 98 g/L的醋酸钾溶液0.1 mL,并加水补至5 mL。每个试样做三个平行,静置1 h。参照标准曲线绘制方法测定吸光度值,利用标准曲线的回归方程计算其每种试样的黄酮含量。
效果实施例4 桑黄菌中三萜的提取
1、标准曲线:
称取齐墩果酸对照品, 加无水乙醇配制0.2mg/mL的标准溶液。精密量取标准品溶液0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5m L, 分别置于离心管内, 挥干溶剂, 精密加入新配制的0.05g/mL的香草醛-冰醋酸溶液0.2mL、高氯酸0.8mL, 摇匀, 于70℃水浴加热15min, 冰浴冷却5min, 加入乙酸乙酯4mL, 摇匀,以香草醛-冰醋酸和乙酸乙酯混合液为空白,560nm下测定标准品吸光度值,绘制标准曲线。
2、样品检测
取待测样品1ml,加入新配制的0.05g/mL的香草醛-冰醋酸溶液0.2mL、高氯酸0.8mL, 摇匀, 于70℃水浴加热15min, 冰浴冷却5min, 加入乙酸乙酯4mL, 摇匀测定吸光度值。
数据分析:采用SPSS 22在专用统计软件进行统计,采用单因素误差分析,P<0.05时具有显著性差异。
实验结果如表2所示。
表2
由表看出这种桑黄菌SH-18具有较高浓度水平的多酚、多糖、三萜、黄酮。抗氧化成分丰富,其活性成分有助于抗癌、抗肿瘤药物的研发,有助于提高人体免疫力,是一个具有开发前景的菌种。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳的具体实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
<110>齐鲁工业大学
<120>一种富含多种活性成分的野生桑黄菌及其培养方法、应用
<160>2
<210>1
<211>19
<212>DNA
<213>人工合成
<220>
<223>
<400>1
TCCGT AGGTG AACCT GCGG 19
<210>2
<211>20
<212>DNA
<213>人工合成
<220>
<223>
<400>2
TCCTC CGCTT ATTGA TATGC 20
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1.一种富含多种活性成分的野生桑黄菌,其特征在于,所述菌株为粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus,于2022年3月15日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC NO:62276。
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