CN114989414B - 一种光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物 - Google Patents

一种光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物 Download PDF

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CN114989414B
CN114989414B CN202210667060.3A CN202210667060A CN114989414B CN 114989414 B CN114989414 B CN 114989414B CN 202210667060 A CN202210667060 A CN 202210667060A CN 114989414 B CN114989414 B CN 114989414B
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莫洪昌
李萌
谭博军
张倩
段秉蕙
刘宁
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Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光‑热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物,其结构式如下:

Description

一种光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物
技术领域
本发明属于固体推进剂领域,涉及一种光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物,该化合物主要作为固体推进剂的粘合剂。
背景技术
端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)是一种具有活性端羟基的“遥爪”型高分子化合物,具有良好的理化性能、玻璃化转变温度和粘度低、工艺与力学性能好、可容纳比较高的固体含量等优点,是目前固体推进剂研究和应用最为广泛的粘合剂。HTPB分子链末端含有羟基,可与异氰酸酯固化剂进行热固化反应形成聚氨酯弹性体,是一种热固化型粘合剂,但是HTPB热固化存在固化条件苛刻、固化时间长等问题,难于满足3D打印快速成型的需求。
为了解决HTPB粘合剂热固化存在的上述问题,科研人员在HTPB分子结构中引入丙烯酸酯基团从而赋予HTPB粘合剂光固化的功能。例如岳婷《双端官能化聚丁二烯橡胶的合成及其紫外光固化研究》北京化工大学硕士论文,2015年5月28日中报道了一种端丙烯酸酯基聚丁二烯液体橡胶,其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0003691968430000011
该端丙烯酸酯基聚丁二烯液体橡胶在分子链的两端引入了丙烯酸酯基团,可通过加入光引发剂使其发生紫外光固化反应,是一种3D打印材料。但是该材料仅能进行光固化,光固化受物料颜色影响较大,只能完成表面一定深度物料的固化,而不能实现产品的完全固化,并且端丙烯酸酯基聚丁二烯分子链的中间含有大量双键,虽然其反应活性较低,但也会少量参与光固化反应使固化后形成的弹性体交联网络结构难于控制,降低了弹性体的力学性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的在于,提供一种光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物,其作为固体推进剂的粘合剂,不仅能光固化、而且能热固化,且固化反应基团均位于分子链两端。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案予以实现:
一种光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物,其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0003691968430000021
其中,n=5~30,为整数;x=1~2,为整数;y=1~2,为整数。
本发明还包括如下技术特征:
具体的,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇和二氯甲烷混合,搅拌均匀,然后加入三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,搅拌下反应,降温至T1,开始缓慢滴加环氧丙醇,滴加完毕后继续反应,用碳酸钠水溶液中和,水洗至中性,分出油相,减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到多羟基聚四氢呋喃;
(2)室温下,将多羟基聚四氢呋喃、三乙胺和二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,降温至T2,开始缓慢滴加丙烯酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加完毕后继续反应,水洗至中性,分出油相,减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到端丙烯酸酯基多羟基聚四氢呋喃,即为光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物。
具体的,所述步骤(1)中,三氟化硼·乙醚络合物、环氧丙醇与聚四氢呋喃醚二醇的摩尔比为0.4~1.0:2~4:1。
具体的,所述步骤(1)中,加入三氟化硼·乙醚络合物后,搅拌下反应时间为30min。
具体的,所述步骤(1)中,T1为-5~5℃。
具体的,所述步骤(1)中,环氧丙醇滴加完毕后继续反应时间为12~24h。
具体的,所述步骤(2)中,丙烯酰氯、三乙胺与多羟基聚四氢呋喃的摩尔比为2:2.5:1。
具体的,所述步骤(2)中,T2为-5~5℃。
具体的,所述步骤(2)中,滴加丙烯酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液的滴加时间为4~8h,滴加完毕后继续反应时间为12~24h。
所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物作为固体推进剂的粘合剂的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下技术效果:
本发明的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物,一方面不仅含有热固化的羟基基团,而且含有光固化的丙烯酸酯基团,是一种双固化型粘合剂;另一方面将光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物应用于3D打印复合固体推进剂中,光固化能赋予弹性体快速成型的性能,热固化可赋予弹性体良好的力学性能。本发明的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物经紫外光与热双重固化后形成的弹性体拉伸强度为25.2MPa,断裂伸长率为643%。
具体实施方式
本发明的构思是:基于羟基/异氰酸酯反应的聚氨酯热固化体系具有良好的力学性能,丙烯酸酯/光引发剂组成的光固化体系具有固化速度快的特点。本发明采用聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、环氧丙醇和丙烯酰氯为原料经过阳离子开环聚合、酰化两步反应将羟基和丙烯酸酯基两种固化反应基团引入到聚四氢呋喃分子链的两端,从而赋予聚四氢呋喃低聚物光-热复合固化的功能。
本发明的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物,其结构式如下所示:
Figure BDA0003691968430000031
其中,n=5~30,为整数;x=1~2,为整数;y=1~2,为整数。
本发明的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物合成路线如下所示:
Figure BDA0003691968430000032
其中,n=5~30,为整数,x=1~2,为整数,y=1~2,为整数。
本发明的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物合成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇和二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,然后加入三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,搅拌下反应30min,降温至-5~5℃,开始缓慢滴加环氧丙醇,滴加完毕后继续反应12~24h,用碳酸钠水溶液中和,水洗至中性,分出油相,减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到多羟基聚四氢呋喃;三氟化硼·乙醚络合物、环氧丙醇与聚四氢呋喃醚二醇的摩尔比为0.4~1.0:2~4:1。
(2)室温下,将多羟基聚四氢呋喃、三乙胺和二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,降温至-5~5℃,开始缓慢滴加丙烯酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加时间为4~8h,滴加完毕后继续反应12~24h,水洗至中性,分出油相,减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到端丙烯酸酯基多羟基聚四氢呋喃,即为本发明的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物;其中丙烯酰氯、三乙胺与多羟基聚四氢呋喃的摩尔比为2:2.5:1。
上述光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物能作为固体推进剂的粘合剂。
以下给出本发明的具体实施例,需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实施例,凡在本申请技术方案基础上做的等同变换均落入本发明的保护范围。
测试仪器:
红外光谱测试采用美国Nicolet公司的Nexus 870型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪;
核磁共振测试采用德国Bruker公司的AVANCE AV500型核磁共振仪;
数均分子量测试采用英国PL公司GPC-50型凝胶渗透色谱仪;GPC测试条件:色谱柱为PLgel MIXED-E串联;流动相为THF;柱温为40℃;检测器为示差折光检测器;
弹性体力学性能测试采用美国Instron公司Instron 4505型万能材料试验机;
羟值测试采用邻苯二甲酸酐-吡啶酰化法。
实施例1:
(1)多羟基聚四氢呋喃的合成
室温下,将10g(10mmol)聚四氢呋喃醚二醇和20mL二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,然后加入0.85g(6mmol)三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,搅拌下反应30min,降温至0℃,开始缓慢滴加2.22g(30mmol)环氧丙醇,滴加完毕后继续反应12h,用碳酸钠水溶液中和,水洗至中性,分出油相,减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到淡黄色粘稠液体。
结构鉴定:
IR,νmax(cm-1):3486(-OH),2939~2804(-C-H),1111(C-O-C)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ3.70~3.35,1.63。
分子量及分布:Mn=1210,Mw=1887,Mw/Mn=1.56。
羟值:217.9mgKOH/g。
以上数据表明所合成的化合物为多羟基聚四氢呋喃。
(2)光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物的合成
室温下,将12.1g多羟基聚四氢呋喃、2.53g三乙胺和80mL二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,降温至0℃,开始缓慢滴加含1.81g丙烯酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液10mL,滴加时间为5h,滴加完毕后继续反应12h,水洗至中性,分出油相,减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到亮红色粘稠液体。
结构鉴定:
IR,νmax(cm-1):3691(-OH),2939~2804(-C-H),1728(酯基),1632(C=C-),1111(C-O-C)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ6.43,6.15,5.84,4.22,3.70~3.35,1.63。
分子量及分布:Mn=1305,Mw=2101,Mw/Mn=1.61。
羟值:111.8mgKOH/g。
丙烯酸酯基含量:1.53mmol/g。
以上数据表明所合成的化合物为光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物。
本发明的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物应用性能:
以本发明的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物为粘合剂,丙烯酸甲酯为稀释剂,2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化磷(TPO)为光引发剂,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为热固化剂,四者按照5g:15ml:0.15g:1.11g的比例混合均匀,在紫外光照射和加热65℃的条件下进行光-热双固化反应得到交联弹性体,其室温下的力学性能为:拉伸强度为25.2MPa,断裂伸长率为643%。

Claims (10)

1.一种光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物,其特征在于,其结构式如下:
Figure FDA0003691968420000011
其中,n=5~30,为整数;x=1~2,为整数;y=1~2,为整数。
2.权利要求1所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇和二氯甲烷混合,搅拌均匀,然后加入三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,搅拌下反应,降温至T1,开始缓慢滴加环氧丙醇,滴加完毕后继续反应,用碳酸钠水溶液中和,水洗至中性,分出油相,减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到多羟基聚四氢呋喃;
(2)室温下,将多羟基聚四氢呋喃、三乙胺和二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,降温至T2,开始缓慢滴加丙烯酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加完毕后继续反应,水洗至中性,分出油相,减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到端丙烯酸酯基多羟基聚四氢呋喃,即为光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物。
3.如权利要求2所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,三氟化硼·乙醚络合物、环氧丙醇与聚四氢呋喃醚二醇的摩尔比为0.4~1.0:2~4:1。
4.如权利要求2所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,加入三氟化硼·乙醚络合物后,搅拌下反应时间为30min。
5.如权利要求2所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,T1为-5~5℃。
6.如权利要求2所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,环氧丙醇滴加完毕后继续反应时间为12~24h。
7.如权利要求2所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,丙烯酰氯、三乙胺与多羟基聚四氢呋喃的摩尔比为2:2.5:1。
8.如权利要求2所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,T2为-5~5℃。
9.如权利要求2所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,滴加丙烯酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液的滴加时间为4~8h,滴加完毕后继续反应时间为12~24h。
10.权利要求1或2所述的光-热复合固化聚四氢呋喃低聚物作为固体推进剂的粘合剂来应用。
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