CN114957395A - 一种蜜蜂抗菌肽的基因及其应用 - Google Patents
一种蜜蜂抗菌肽的基因及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114957395A CN114957395A CN202210570094.0A CN202210570094A CN114957395A CN 114957395 A CN114957395 A CN 114957395A CN 202210570094 A CN202210570094 A CN 202210570094A CN 114957395 A CN114957395 A CN 114957395A
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及基因工程领域,具体地,涉及一种蜜蜂抗菌肽及其基因和应用。其氨基酸序列如SEQIDNO:1所示。通过高密度液体发酵进行高效表达,制备出作为饲料添加剂的蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2,代替饲用抗生素,防治动物疾病,克服抗生素滥用带来的不良后果,并降低生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基因工程领域,具体地,涉及一种蜜蜂抗菌肽及其基因和应用。
背景技术
抗生素在治疗疾病、预防感染、促进动物生长、改善动物健康状况等方面发挥了十分积极的作用,但其危害也被各国所重视,在饲料及养殖中禁用抗生素的呼声越来越高。抗生素在环境中的污染,会使一些致病菌产生抗药性,甚至造成超级病菌的产生,这会对人类社会产生巨大的危害和风险。因此,抗生素的替代成为国内外急待解决的一个重大问题。
抗微生物肽(Antimicrobial Peptides,AMPs)是生物体免疫系统在受到异源刺激时,诱导产生的一类防御性生物活性肽,是机体非特异性天然防御系统的重要组成部分,广泛存在于自然界各种生物以及人体内。
抗菌肽为一种多肽类物质,对动物机体没有毒害作用,易被降解,不会对环境造成污染、残留,可作为畜禽饲料添加剂取代或部分取代目前饲喂动物所用的抗生素,减少抗生素对动物体的危害。
蜜蜂属于膜翅目昆虫,没有严格意义上的免疫应答机制,当受到外界致病菌的侵入时,其血淋巴内即会产生抗菌肽,用于抵御疾病的发生,属于非特异性免疫。
通过现代生物技术方法,工业化生产对病原菌具有专一性或特异性的抗菌肽产品,是开发饲用抗生素替代产品的一条重要而有效的途径。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2。
本发明的另一目的是提供编码上述蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的基因Kap。
本发明的另一目的是提供包含编码上述蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2基因Kap的重组载体。
本发明的另一目的是提供包含上述蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2基因Kap的重组菌株。
本发明的另一目的是提供制备上述蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的应用。
本发明的来源于蜜蜂的抗菌肽AP2的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示:
RVRRPVYIPQPRPPHPRL
该抗菌肽共由18个氨基酸残基组成,分子量为2235Da。
本发明的编码上述蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的基因Kap的序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示:
5’-ATGAGGGTAAGACGACCAGTCTATATACCTCAGCCCCGCCCTCCGCACCCACGGCTATGA-3’
该基因进行毕赤酵母密码子偏好优化,并且在5’及3’端分别加上EcoR I及Not I酶切位点后,合成后的基因序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示:
5’-GAATTCATGAGGGTAAGACGACCAGTCTATATACCTCAGCCCCGCCCTCCGCACCCACGGCTATGAGCGGCCGC-3’。
本发明提供了包含上述蜜蜂抗菌肽基因Kap的重组载体,载体优选为pPICZαA,将Kap采用EcoR I和Not I进行双酶切,然后插入到经同样双酶切得到的pPICZαA载体中,使该核苷酸序列位于AOX1启动子的下游并受其调控,优选得到重组载体Kap-pPICZαA。
本发明还提供了包含上述重组载体Kap-pPICZαA的重组菌株,表达宿主优选为毕赤酵母X33。
本发明还提供了一种工业制备蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)用上述重组载体Kap-pPICZαA转化宿主细胞,得到重组菌株;
2)培养重组菌株,诱导蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的表达;以及
3)采用喷雾干燥法进行后处理,得到最终产品。
本发明还提供了上述蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的应用,优选其作为饲料添加剂应用于饲料及养殖行业。
本发明合成蜜蜂抗菌肽基因,构建毕赤酵母重组工程菌株,通过高密度液体发酵进行高效表达,制备出作为饲料添加剂的蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2,代替饲用抗生素,防治动物疾病,克服抗生素滥用带来的不良后果,并降低生产成本。蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2效价检测结果显示,AP2除对弧菌无明显抑制效果外,对多种细菌均有效果,尤其是对金黄色葡萄球菌效果最佳。高温处理对AP2抗菌性能的影响很小,AP2耐高温性能非常优良。蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2抗胃蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶的性能良好,AP2具有作为饲料添加剂使用的优势,产品应用时在动物胃肠道中不会被消化酶水解。
附图说明
图1显示蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2生产菌株的筛选结果;
图2为Kap-pPICZαA-X33在50L罐中高密度液体发酵曲线。
具体实施方式
以下实施例中未作具体说明的分子生物学实验方法,均参照《分子克隆实验指南》(第三版)J.萨姆布鲁克一书中所列的具体方法进行,或者按照试剂盒和产品说明书进行;所述试剂和生物材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实验材料和试剂:
1、菌株与载体
大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、土拉弗朗西斯菌、副溶血弧菌、流感嗜血杆菌、沙门氏菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、链球菌均由市售购得,毕赤酵母X33、载体pPICZαA购自Invitrogen公司。
2、酶与试剂盒
DNAMarker、博莱霉素(Zeocin)、胶回收试剂盒,PCR纯化试剂盒等购自上海生工公司。限制性内切酶EcoR I与Not I、T4 DNA连接酶等购自TaKaRa(大连宝生物工程有限公司)。Sac I购自NEB公司(中国)。胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司。
3、培养基
BSM发酵培养基(基础盐培养基,Basal Salts Medium):85%磷酸26.7mL,二水硫酸钙0.9g,硫酸钾18.2g,七水硫酸镁14.9g,氢氧化钾4.13g,微量元素(PTM1)4.4mL,加水定容至1L。
微量元素PTM1:七水硫酸亚铁65g,五水硫酸铜6g,碘化钠0.08g,一水硫酸锰3.0g,氯化钴0.5g,氯化锌20g,硼酸0.02g,二水钼酸钠0.2g,生物素0.2g,98%浓硫酸5mL,采用纯净水定容至1L。其中生物素于PTM1高温灭菌并冷却至室温后加入。
实施例1、蜜蜂抗菌肽的提取、纯化及测序
(1)蜜蜂抗菌肽的提取:将100只左右中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)烘干、粉碎后,采用80%的甲醇溶液进行提取,在常温下提取条件如下:甲醇与蜜蜂干粉用量:6:1;提取次数:3次;提取时间:24小时。
(2)蜜蜂抗菌肽提取液浓缩:收集3次提取液,过滤后将滤液于15000r/min下离心10min,离心上清液浓缩。
(3)蜜蜂抗菌肽的纯化:通过3个步骤进行:①采用Sephadex G-75凝胶柱进行柱层析(洗脱液为0.5%的甲醇),紫外检测器于280nm测吸收峰,收集具有抗菌性能的活性组分,冷冻干燥,得到蜜蜂抗菌肽粗品;②取该粗品用0.5%甲醇溶解(总体积为1mL),继续采用Sephadex G-50凝胶柱再次进行纯化(洗脱液为0.5%的甲醇),于280nm测紫外吸收峰,收集具有抗菌性能的活性组分,浓缩后冷冻干燥;③将冷冻干燥组分最后进行SDS-PAGE电泳,得到单一组分条带,切取该条带,回收组分。
(4)蜜蜂抗菌肽测序:将SDS-PAGE电泳纯化后的组分进行氨基酸测序,获得该抗菌肽序列为:RVRRPVYIPQPRPPHPRL(SEQID NO:1),由18个氨基酸组成,并将该来源于蜜蜂的抗菌肽命名为AP2。
实施例2、蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2表达载体构建
参照毕赤酵母偏爱性密码子,在不改变蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2氨基酸序列的前提下,采用毕赤酵母偏好性密码子替代使用频率低或稀有密码子,设计出蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的基因序列,由南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司合成,并在序列5’端、3’端分别加上限制性内切酶EcoR I和Not I酶切位点(SEQID NO:3)。
Kap经过EcoR I和Not I双酶切后与经过相同双酶切的pPICZαA质粒连接,构建得到重组质粒Kap-pPICZαA。
实施例3、包含蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2编码基因的毕赤酵母重组工程菌的构建、筛选
将构建好的重组质粒Kap-pPICZαA采用限制性内切酶Sac I线性化后,电转化毕赤酵母X33感受态细胞并涂布含有不同浓度Zeocin的YPD平板。
30℃静置培养2-3天后,从含有不同浓度Zeocin的YPD平板上随机挑取单菌落,采用YPD培养基进行摇瓶发酵培养。
YPD培养基(g·L-1):胰蛋白胨20.0,酵母粉10.0,葡萄糖20.0
培养条件:250mL三角瓶装液量为30mL,温度30℃,转速220rpm,培养24h后,每12h加一次甲醇进行诱导,每次甲醇添加量为0.5%,共加4次,整个培养时间为72h。
甲醇诱导表达结束后,对发酵液进行离心,取上清液进行平板抑菌实验,挑选出抑菌圈最大的菌株,并命名为Kap-pPICZαA-X33,菌株筛选的抑菌结果参见图1。
实施例4、蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的高效表达
配制20L基本盐培养基,装入50L自动液体发酵罐中,121℃灭菌30min,冷却至30℃。用氨水或磷酸调节发酵液的pH值至4.6-4.8,控制溶氧大于20%,发酵温度为30℃,搅拌转速500rpm。
整个液体发酵过程分3个阶段:
第一阶段为菌体培养阶段,将重组工程菌Kap-pPICZαA-X33接种至发酵罐中,接种量为10%,然后流加已灭菌的4L 50%的葡萄糖或甘油,培养24小时左右,以补完葡萄糖或甘油为标志;
第二阶段为饥饿阶段,当葡萄糖或甘油补完之后,不流加任何碳源,当溶氧上升至80%以上即表明该阶段结束,为期约30-60min;
第三阶段为诱导表达阶段,流加诱导培养基,保持溶氧在20%以上,整个发酵的培养时间控制在180-200小时之间。
在发酵过程中的不同时间取样,离心取上清液,进行抗菌效价检测,Kap-pPICZαA-X33在50L罐中高密度液体发酵曲线参见图2。
通过高密度液体发酵,Kap-pPICZαA-X33表达蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的生产性能可达到2712U。
实施例5、蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2效价的检测
检测方法:管碟法。
1.材料和仪器
(1)指示菌悬液:金黄色葡萄球菌,致病性大肠杆菌;
(2)培养基及配制方法:效价检定用培养基(上层、底层);
培养基配制方法:LB营养琼脂培养基(以配制100mL为例):胰蛋白胨1.0g,酵母粉0.5g,氯化钠(NaCl)0.5g,琼脂1.8g,加水定容至100mL。121℃、0.1MPa高压灭菌15min;
(3)抗菌肽:实施例4制备的抗菌肽样品及标准品(高剂量、低剂量,高剂量与低剂量之比为2:1);
(4)试剂与器材:灭菌生理盐水,无菌平皿,无菌牛津杯,镊子,移液枪,游标卡尺;
2.检测方法
(1)先在灭菌后的平皿底部四边,分别对角注明“SH”、“SL”、“UH”和“UL”标记,并各竖立放置牛津杯(内径6mm,外径8mm,高15mm左右)1个,然后每平皿先倒15mL营养琼脂培养基作为下层,凝固后,保证牛津杯与培养基之间无空隙;
(2)用灭菌后的生理盐水(0.9%氯化钠溶液)将指示菌的悬液稀释至一定浓度,然后取稀释后的菌悬液与冷却至48-50℃左右的LB营养琼脂培养基混合均匀,快速加5mL至已经凝固的培养基上作为上层;
(3)培养基再次凝固后,用镊子将牛津杯夹出,形成8mm左右的孔洞;
(4)分别在每个孔内加入相应的待检抗菌肽及标准品溶液200μL;
(5)将平皿置于37℃恒温培养箱培养18-24h,量取各抑菌圈直径(SH、SL、UH、UL),以毫米为单位,误差不超过0.1mm;
注:UH:供试品高剂量抑菌菌直径;UL:供试品低剂量抑菌圈直径;SH:标准品高剂量抑菌圈直径;SL:标准品低剂量抑菌圈直径。
3.抗菌肽效价计算
S=SH-SL;U=UH-UL;Ar:标准品效价(U);Pr:待检样品中抗菌肽效价(U)。
实施例6、蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的性质测定
1.蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定
选取大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌、伤寒杆菌等作为参照指示菌,进行蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)的对比实验。具体过程如下:
(1)分别培养以上各种细菌,取菌液均匀涂布LB固体琼脂平板,晾干;
(2)取晾干的平板,用牛津杯打孔,然后向各孔中分别加入制备好的不同稀释浓度的蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2溶液200μL,并做好标识;
(3)将加好抗菌肽的平板置于37℃培养箱中,过夜培养;
(4)根据抑菌圈情况,确定蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的最低抑菌浓度。
蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)结果参见表1。
表1.AP2对各菌种的最小抑制浓度(MIC)
注:ND表示未出现抑菌圈。
从检测结果中可以看出,AP2除对弧菌无明显抑制效果外,对本次所测试的各G+、G-菌均有效果,尤其是对金黄色葡萄球菌效果最佳,其最低抑菌浓度仅为0.19U/mL。
2.耐高温性能测定
取适量抗菌肽发酵离心液,于100℃条件下,加热处理10min,然后快速降至室温。取等量离心液,不经高温处理,作为对照实验样本。
将实验组及对照组样本各取150μL分别加入涂布有指标菌(大肠杆菌K88及金黄色葡萄球菌)的LB平板孔中,置于37℃培养箱中,过夜培养,测量抑菌圈大小。测试结果参见表2。
表2.AP2的耐高温性能
从检测结果中可以发现,高温处理对AP2抗菌性能的影响很小,这说明AP2耐高温性能非常优良。
3.抗消化酶对比实验
根据单胃动物消化道特点,分别配备胃蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶如下:
(1)胃消化液:胃蛋白酶80U/mL,pH调整为2.0;
(2)胰消化液:胰蛋白酶150U/mL,pH调整为6.8。
取上述抗菌肽,按1:1与分别与上述消化液混合均匀,并将最终pH调至2.0与6.8。消化处理4h后,取消化处理后的各抗菌肽150μL分别加入涂布有指标菌的LB平板的孔中,置于37℃培养箱中,过夜培养。检测结果参见表3。
表3.AP2抗消化性能
结果显示,蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2抗胃蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶的性能良好,这说明AP2具有作为饲料添加剂使用的优势,产品应用时在动物胃肠道中不会被消化酶水解。
以上为本申请的具体实施方式,仅用于理解本申请的技术方案,不限制本申请的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 江西科诺生物科技有限公司
<120> 一种蜜蜂抗菌肽的基因及其应用
<160> 3
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 18
<212> PRT
<213> 蜜蜂(bee)
<400> 1
Arg Val Arg Arg Pro Val Tyr Ile Pro Gln Pro Arg Pro Pro His Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Leu
<210> 2
<211> 60
<212> DNA
<213> 蜜蜂(bee)
<400> 2
atgagggtaa gacgaccagt ctatatacct cagccccgcc ctccgcaccc acggctatga 60
<210> 3
<211> 74
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
gaattcatga gggtaagacg accagtctat atacctcagc cccgccctcc gcacccacgg 60
ctatgagcgg ccgc 74
Claims (10)
1.一种蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2,其特征在于,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
2.一种蜜蜂抗菌肽基因Kap,其特征在于,编码权利要求1所述的蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2。
3.根据权利要求2所述的蜜蜂抗菌肽基因Kap,其特征在于,所述蜜蜂抗菌肽基因Kap的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:3所示。
4.包含权利要求2所述蜜蜂抗菌肽基因Kap的重组载体。
5.包含权利要求2所述蜜蜂抗菌肽基因Kap的重组菌株。
6.一种制备蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)用包含权利要求2所述蜜蜂抗菌肽基因Kap的重组载体转化宿主细胞,得重组菌株;
2)培养获得的重组菌株,诱导蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的表达;以及
3)回收并纯化所表达的蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的方法,其特征在于,所述宿主细胞为毕赤酵母X33。
8.权利要求1所述蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2的应用。
9.权利要求1所述蜜蜂抗菌肽AP2用于抑制细菌的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述细菌为大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、溶血性葡萄球菌、空肠弯曲杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌、李斯特菌、土拉弗朗西斯菌、副溶血弧菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、链球菌、破伤风杆菌、白喉杆菌、炭瘟杆菌、肺炎双球菌。
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