CN114956789A - 一种线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114956789A
CN114956789A CN202210637174.3A CN202210637174A CN114956789A CN 114956789 A CN114956789 A CN 114956789A CN 202210637174 A CN202210637174 A CN 202210637174A CN 114956789 A CN114956789 A CN 114956789A
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张博
李子涵
刘亚飞
武锐锋
常爱民
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Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料及其制备方法,该材料按照xAl2O3‑(1‑x)CaMnO3(0.2≤x≤0.4)的化学计量比分别称取碳酸钙、氧化铝、二氧化锰,经混合研磨、预烧、成型、烧结、涂覆电极,即可得到在温度250℃‑950℃范围内具有线性阻温特性的热敏陶瓷材料。采用本发明制备的线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料性能稳定、一致性好,能够适用于宽温区高温测温、控温和温度补偿等领域。

Description

一种线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料及制备方法,该热敏电阻材料在温度250℃—950℃范围具有明显的负温度系数特性,其阻-温特性呈线性关系,是一种适用于宽温区高温测控用热敏电阻器的新型热敏陶瓷材料。
背景技术
温度传感器在家用电器、医疗器械、航空、汽车等众多领域有着广泛的应用。负温度系数热敏电阻器(NTCR)是一种阻值随温度升高而降低的热敏元件,具有精度高、尺寸小、成本低、响应快等优点,广泛应用于电子电路中。但随着应用领域的扩展,开展新型热敏陶瓷材料研究对于丰富热敏电阻材料体系具有重要意义。
众所周知,大多数NTC热敏电阻的电阻率与温度的关系都是指数函数,导致只能应用于较窄的温区,故而给实际应用带来了很大的不便。由于NTC热敏电阻是非线性元件,因此电路必须进行线性化。实际应用中广泛使用的电路补偿方法是将NTC电阻与正常电阻串联或并联,从而在一定的温度范围内可能形成线性关系(电阻率与温度呈现线性关系)。然而,这种方法对于实际使用来说是相当复杂的。因此设计开发一种电阻与温度特性是线性的热敏电阻材料及器件对于实际应用至关重要。
到目前为止,国内投入实际生产的NTCR的阻-温特性几乎都是呈非线性变化规律,线性度较差。目前报道的线性NTC热敏电阻器主要由含Cd的热敏陶瓷材料制成,但是Cd元素有毒,对环境会造成污染,温区较窄(300℃)因此实际应用较少。在宽的温度范围,阻-温特性线性化是相当困难的,现在各国都在竭力寻找具有线性电阻-温度特性的热敏陶瓷材料。
本发明构建了xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3复合陶瓷体系,其中0.2≤x≤0.4,用常规固相法合成的该热敏陶瓷材料在宽温区(250℃—950℃)具有线性电阻-温度特性,并且线性度能达到99.8%以上,不需要先做线性化处理即可使用,电路简单,提高了检测的精度,可以广泛地用于测温、补偿及自动控制技术中,与常规指数型热敏电阻比较,具有工作温区宽、线性度好、线路简单、测量精确等优点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料及其制备方法,该材料按照xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3(0.2≤x≤0.4)的化学计量比分别称取碳酸钙、氧化铝、二氧化锰,经混合研磨、预烧、成型、烧结、涂覆电极,即可得到一种在温度250℃-950℃范围内具有线性阻温特性的热敏陶瓷材料。采用本发明制备的复合热敏电阻材料性能稳定、一致性好,可以广泛地用于测温、补偿及自动控制技术中,与常规指数型热敏电阻比较,具有工作温区宽、线性度好、线路简单、测量精确等优点。
本发明所述的一种线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料及制备方法,该热敏电阻材料以碳酸钙、二氧化锰和氧化铝为原料,化学组成为xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3,其中0.2≤x≤0.4,具体操作按下列步骤进行:
a、按CaMnO3组成,分别称取原料碳酸钙和二氧化锰进行混合,将原料置于玛瑙研钵中研磨6-8小时,得到混合粉体;
b、将步骤a中得到的混合粉体在温度900-1100℃煅烧6-8小时,之后研磨4-6小时即得到CaMnO3粉体;然后按化学组成为xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3,其中0.2≤x≤0.4,将CaMnO3粉体和Al2O3混合,在玛瑙研钵中研磨4-6小时,得到复合粉体;
c、将步骤b得到的复合粉体以15-20Kg/cm2的压力进行成型,时间为0.5-1分钟,将得到的块体进行冷等静压,在300-400MPa下保压3-5分钟,然后于温度1250℃-1300℃烧结10-15小时,即制得热敏陶瓷块体;
d、将步骤c烧结的陶瓷块体正反两面涂覆铂浆,然后于温度800℃-900℃下保持30-40分钟,即得到温度范围为250℃-950℃,电阻率介于1514Ω.cm-45Ω.cm的线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料。
一种线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料的制备方法,按下列步骤进行:
a、按CaMnO3组成,分别称取原料碳酸钙和二氧化锰进行混合,将原料置于玛瑙研钵中研磨6-8小时,得到混合粉体;
b、将步骤a中得到的混合粉体在温度900-1100℃煅烧6-8小时,之后研磨4-6小时即得到CaMnO3粉体;然后按化学组成为xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3,其中0.2≤x≤0.4,将CaMnO3粉体和Al2O3混合,在玛瑙研钵中研磨4-6小时,得到复合粉体;
c、将步骤b得到的复合粉体以15-20Kg/cm2的压力进行成型,时间为0.5-1分钟,将得到的块体进行冷等静压,在300-400MPa下保压3-5分钟,然后于温度1250℃-1300℃烧结10-15小时,即制得热敏陶瓷块体;
d、将步骤c烧结的陶瓷块体正反两面涂覆铂浆,然后于温度800℃-900℃下保持30-40分钟,即得到温度范围为250℃-950℃,电阻率介于1514Ω.cm-45Ω.cm的线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:采用固相法制备,工艺流程简单、产品性能稳定、在宽温区(250℃-950℃)阻-温特性呈线性变化规律、环保,符合工业领域高温测控对线性化参数的性能要求,对线性宽温区高温热敏电阻器工业化生产具有重要实用价值、制备工艺相对设备需求较少,便于批量生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明的热敏电阻材料阻温特性曲线图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
a、按CaMnO3组成,分别称取原料碳酸钙和二氧化锰进行混合,将原料置于玛瑙研钵中研磨6小时,得到混合粉体;
b、将步骤a中得到的混合粉体在温度900℃煅烧6小时,之后研磨4小时即得到CaMnO3粉体;然后按化学组成为xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3,其中x=0.2的CaMnO3粉体和Al2O3混合,在玛瑙研钵中研磨4小时,得到复合粉体;
c、将步骤b得到的复合粉体以15Kg/cm2的压力进行成型,时间为1分钟,将得到的块体进行冷等静压,在300MPa下保压3分钟,然后于温度1250℃烧结10小时,即制得热敏陶瓷块体;
d、将步骤c烧结的陶瓷块体正反两面涂覆铂浆,然后于温度900℃下保持30分钟,即得到温度范围为250℃-950℃,电阻率介于94Ω.cm-45Ω.cm的线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料。
实施例2
a、按CaMnO3组成,分别称取原料碳酸钙和二氧化锰进行混合,将原料置于玛瑙研钵中研磨7小时,得到混合粉体;
b、将步骤a中得到的混合粉体在温度1000℃煅烧7小时,之后研磨5小时即得到CaMnO3粉体,然后按化学组成为xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3,其中x=0.3的CaMnO3粉体和Al2O3混合,在玛瑙研钵中研磨5小时,得到复合粉体;
c、将步骤b得到的复合粉体以18Kg/cm2的压力进行成型,时间为1分钟,将得到的块体进行冷等静压,在350MPa下保压4分钟,然后于温度1280℃烧结12小时,即制得热敏陶瓷块体;
d、将步骤c烧结的陶瓷块体正反两面涂覆铂浆,然后于温度900℃下保持30分钟,即得到温度范围为250℃-950℃,电阻率介于270Ω.cm-85Ω.cm的线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料。
实施例3
a、按CaMnO3组成,分别称取原料碳酸钙和二氧化锰进行混合,将原料置于玛瑙研钵中研磨8小时,得到混合粉体;
b、将步骤a中得到的混合粉体在温度1100℃煅烧8小时,之后研磨6小时即得到CaMnO3粉体,然后按化学组成为xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3,其中x=0.4的CaMnO3粉体和Al2O3混合,在玛瑙研钵中研磨6小时,得到复合粉体;
c、将步骤b得到的复合粉体以20Kg/cm2的压力进行成型,时间为1分钟,将得到的块体进行冷等静压,在400MPa下保压5分钟,然后于温度1300℃烧结15小时,即制得热敏陶瓷块体;
d、将步骤c烧结的陶瓷块体正反两面涂覆铂浆,然后于温度900℃下保持30分钟,即可得到温度范围为250℃-950℃,电阻率介于1520Ω.cm-115Ω.cm的线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料。

Claims (2)

1.一种线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料,其特征在于,该热敏电阻材料以碳酸钙、二氧化锰和氧化铝为原料,化学组成为xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3,其中0.2≤x≤0.4,具体操作按下列步骤进行:
a、按CaMnO3组成,分别称取原料碳酸钙和二氧化锰进行混合,将原料置于玛瑙研钵中研磨6-8小时,得到混合粉体;
b、将步骤a中得到的混合粉体在温度900-1100℃煅烧6-8小时,之后研磨4-6小时即得到CaMnO3粉体;然后按化学组成为xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3,其中0.2≤x≤0.4,将CaMnO3粉体和Al2O3混合,在玛瑙研钵中研磨4-6小时,得到复合粉体;
c、将步骤b得到的复合粉体以15-20Kg/cm2的压力进行成型,时间为0.5-1分钟,将得到的块体进行冷等静压,在300-400MPa下保压3-5分钟,然后于温度1250℃-1300℃烧结10-15小时,即制得热敏陶瓷块体;
d、将步骤c烧结的陶瓷块体正反两面涂覆铂浆,然后于温度800℃-900℃下保持30-40分钟,即得到温度范围为250℃-950℃,电阻率介于1514Ω.cm-45Ω.cm的线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料。
2.一种线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料的制备方法,其特征在于,按下列步骤进行:
a、按CaMnO3组成,分别称取原料碳酸钙和二氧化锰进行混合,将原料置于玛瑙研钵中研磨6-8小时,得到混合粉体;
b、将步骤a中得到的混合粉体在温度900-1100℃煅烧6-8小时,之后研磨4-6小时即得到CaMnO3粉体;然后按化学组成为xAl2O3-(1-x)CaMnO3,其中0.2≤x≤0.4,将CaMnO3粉体和Al2O3混合,在玛瑙研钵中研磨4-6小时,得到复合粉体;
c、将步骤b得到的复合粉体以15-20Kg/cm2的压力进行成型,时间为0.5-1分钟,将得到的块体进行冷等静压,在300-400MPa下保压3-5分钟,然后于温度1250℃-1300℃烧结10-15小时,即制得热敏陶瓷块体;
d、将步骤c烧结的陶瓷块体正反两面涂覆铂浆,然后于温度800℃-900℃下保持30-40分钟,即得到温度范围为250℃-950℃,电阻率介于1514Ω.cm-45Ω.cm的线性宽温区高温热敏电阻材料。
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