CN114938849A - 一种鱼脯的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种鱼脯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114938849A
CN114938849A CN202210400436.4A CN202210400436A CN114938849A CN 114938849 A CN114938849 A CN 114938849A CN 202210400436 A CN202210400436 A CN 202210400436A CN 114938849 A CN114938849 A CN 114938849A
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方秀
张欢欢
方飞座
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Fujian Minwei Food Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及鱼的加工领域,提供一种鱼脯的制备方法,解决采用现有技术的制备方法获得的鱼脯土腥味重、口感不佳、含对人体有伤害的防腐剂的缺陷。包括以下制备步骤:(1)选材及以新鲜的鲈鱼或金枪鱼为主原料;(2)清洗切薄;(3)腌制料的配制;(4)拌料;(5)摊平;(6)高低温交替烘烤;(7)再次烘烤;(8)冷却;(9)包装。

Description

一种鱼脯的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及鱼的加工领域,具体涉及一种鱼脯的制备方法。
背景技术
鱼肉含有丰富的完全蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、含有丰富的磺,还含有磷、钙、铁等无机盐。鱼肉还含有大量的维生素A、维生素D、维生素B1、尼克酸等人体需要的营养素。肉脯是我国三大干肉制品之一,根据其原料的处理方式可以分为肉糜脯和肉脯两类,顾名思义,肉糜脯是原料肉经绞碎、拌料、腌制等一系列工序制作而成;肉脯则是以去除鱼刺鱼骨等鱼肉为原料,经切片、调味、腌制等多道工序制作而成。肉脯中不但含有丰富的蛋白质、脂溶性维生素等营养成分,而且具有其独特的风味和口感,同时也具有食用方便便于携带等优点。
无论是自然捕捞还是人工养殖的鱼类,都不同程度的存在土腥味,尤其是在目前的高低度和水体富营养条件下养殖的鱼类土腥味越来越严重,随着人们生活水平的提高,对水产品质量的要求也越来越高,更加重视营养与口味。目前,现有技术中未见有报道去除土腥味的方法。
中国专利号200810156001.X公开了一种肉脯的嫩化加工方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一,选取肉块,将肉块通过机械嫩化设备,使肉块内肌纤维被规则地切断,有利于腌制液的吸收和肉质嫩化;步骤二,采用切片机将肉块切成薄肉片,然后将薄肉片放入含酶混合物的组合物中进行酶生物嫩化酶解处理;步骤三,将步骤二中经过酶生物嫩化处理的薄肉片加入化学嫩化剂和辅料后,在低温下进行腌制;步骤四,将步骤三经过腌制的薄肉片放入真空滚揉机中进行抽真空滚揉;步骤五,将步骤四经过滚揉的薄肉片用网筛进行摊筛,然后进行程序控温脱水,脱水后进行烤制成肉脯;步骤六,将烤制后的肉脯进行冷却、压平、切片、检测和包装。其步骤三种采用括食盐、蔗糖、鸡蛋、鱼卤、味精、胡椒粉、五香粉和亚硝酸盐作为辅料进行腌制,辅料中含亚硝酸盐,食用超过0.2g即容易引起中毒,且容易诱发癌症,对人体健康不利。
发明内容
因此,针对上述的问题,本发明提供一种鱼脯的制备方法,解决采用现有技术的制备方法获得的鱼脯土腥味重、口感不佳、含对人体有伤害的防腐剂的缺陷。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:一种鱼脯的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)选材及以新鲜的鲈鱼或金枪鱼为主原料;
(2)清洗切薄:将步骤(1)的主原料去磷、去头、去尾、去内脏和去骨,接着用清水清洗切薄成鱼片;
(3)腌制料的配制:选用新鲜鸡蛋、食用植物油、白砂糖、食盐、改性酸味吸附剂、风味调味剂为辅料,配制成腌制料;
(4)拌料:将切薄后的鱼片先用所述改性酸味吸附剂进行浸泡处理6-8h,用清水清洗;再将鱼片送入含有除改性酸味吸附剂之外的其他组分的腌制料中腌制;
(5)摊平:取出鱼片摊平处理;
(6)高低温交替烘烤:送入高低温烘烤设备中烘烤;所述高低温烘烤设备包括封闭式烘烤框体1,所述烘烤框体1内设有烘烤架2,所述烘烤架2上间隔设有烘烤盘3,鱼片摊平在各个烘烤盘3表面,所述烘烤盘3的表面均匀开设有透液孔31,所述封闭式烘烤框体1内设有冷热风源4,所述冷热风源可持续交替释放温度介于10-15℃及35-42℃的风,启动冷热风源对鱼片进行烘烤;
(7)再次烘烤:在鱼片的表面喷一层微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂,将烘烤架转入烘烤房烘烤,所述烘烤房的温度控制在60-100℃,烘烤时间为5-12h,所述微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂的制备方法为:首先,将乙酸、大蒜水溶性提取液、生姜水溶性提取液按重量比为1:2-4:1-2的比例混合制得天然抑菌调味剂,再将其缓慢加入β-环糊精饱和溶液中,遮光升温至45-50℃,搅拌均匀,再降温至2-5℃,抽滤,送入冷冻干燥室冷冻处理24-25h,得到微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂;
(8)冷却:冷却至室温;
(9)包装。
进一步的改进是:所述风味调味辅料为咖喱或胡椒粉或辣椒油。
进一步的改进是:所述改性酸味吸附剂为活性炭与离子交换树脂以1:0.3-0.8的重量比混合而成。
进一步的改进是:所述风味调味剂为酵母粉。
进一步的改进是:所述酵母粉的用量为鱼片重的3-4wt%。
进一步的改进是:步骤(4)中,在用改性酸性吸附剂处理后将鱼片浸泡在酵母粉溶液中发酵1-2h,再送入其他腌制料中腌制。
进一步的改进是:所述烘烤盘表面涂有一层硅胶层。
进一步的改进是:所述大蒜水溶性提取液的制备方法为:将大蒜清洗干净后切段、破碎处理、加水打浆,过滤去除杂质,取滤液,即为大蒜水溶性提取液。
进一步的改进是:所述水的用量为大蒜重的2倍。
进一步的改进是:步骤(6)中透液孔的孔经为3-5mm。
通过采用前述技术方案,本发明的有益效果为:
1.采用本发明的制备方法获得的鱼脯口感细腻,软硬适中,形态完整,没有土腥味。
2.本发明以β-环糊精饱和溶液对天然抑菌调味剂进行包埋制成微胶囊,β-环糊精对天然抑菌调味剂具有保护和控制释放的作用,能够提高天然抑菌调味剂的稳定性、溶解性和流动性,能够操持鱼肉中的生理活性物质和微量营养素的活性,通过β-环糊精隔绝鱼肉与空气的接触,能够延长鱼肉的保质期。另外,β-环糊精能够与
3、采用乙酸、大蒜水溶性提取液、生姜水溶性提取液复配,大蒜水溶性提取液与乙酸对海鲜类的腐败菌具有抑制作用,大蒜水溶性提取液,其抑菌活性物质大蒜素由蒜氨酸酶催化蒜氨酸形成,生姜水溶液提取液对鱼肉不仅有去腥调味的作用,与乙酸和大蒜水溶性提取液复配使用还能增强抑菌作用。
4、烘烤温度低于100℃,使天然抑菌调味剂具有较高的活性。温度过高会对微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂的成分造成破坏,使其无法发挥作用。
5、鱼类的土腥味物质主要是土臭味素和2-甲基异茨醇,本发明采用的活性炭能够吸附土臭味素和2-甲基异茨醇,离子交换树脂也能够吸附土臭味素,两者搭配使用,能够有效去除土腥味。
6、进一步的,本发明采用酵母对鱼片进行发酵处理,能够进一步去除鱼片中的腥味和异味,并且能够产生清香味。
7、β-环糊精不仅能够包埋天然抑菌剂,还能够消除鱼片表面的部分土腥味。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一中高低温烘烤设备的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例一中烘烤盘的结构示意图
图3为本发明实施例一中硅胶层的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
一种鱼脯的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)选材:以新鲜的鲈鱼为主原料;
(2)清洗切薄:将步骤(1)的主原料去磷、去头、去尾、去内脏和去骨,接着用清水清洗切薄成鱼片;
(3)腌制料的配制:选用新鲜鸡蛋、食用植物油、白砂糖、食盐、活性炭与离子交换树脂以1:0.3的重量比混合而成的改性酸味吸附剂、酵母粉为辅料,配制成腌制料;其中,新鲜新鲜鸡蛋、食用植物油、白砂糖、食盐、改性酸味吸附剂、酵母粉的用量为鱼片总重的5%、2%、1%、1%、5%、3%;
(4)拌料:将切薄后的鱼片先用活性炭与离子交换树脂进行浸泡处理6h,用清水清洗;再将鱼片浸泡在酵母粉溶液中发酵1h,再送入其他腌制料中腌制;
(5)摊平:取出鱼片摊平处理;
(6)高低温交替烘烤:送入高低温烘烤设备中烘烤;参考图1、图2及图3,所述高低温烘烤设备包括封闭式烘烤框体1,所述烘烤框体1内设有烘烤架2,所述烘烤架2上间隔设有烘烤盘3,鱼片摊平在各个烘烤盘3表面,所述烘烤盘3的表面均匀开设有透液孔31,所述烘烤盘表面涂有一层硅胶层5,所述硅胶层上开设有与透液孔31相同大小和位置的通孔51,所述封闭式烘烤框体1内设有冷热风源4,所述冷热风源可持续交替释放温度介于10℃及35℃的风,启动冷热风源对鱼片进行烘烤;所述透液孔31和通孔51的孔经均为3mm;上述具备冷热风源的装置为现有技术通用的设备,在此不赘述;
(7)再次烘烤:在鱼片的表面喷一层微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂,将烘烤架转入烘烤房烘烤,所述烘烤房的温度控制在60℃,烘烤时间为5h,所述微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂的制备方法为:首先,将乙酸、大蒜水溶性提取液、生姜水溶性提取液按重量比为1:2:1的比例混合制得天然抑菌调味剂,再将其缓慢加入β-环糊精饱和溶液中,遮光升温至45℃,搅拌均匀,再降温至2℃,抽滤,送入冷冻干燥室冷冻处理24h,得到微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂;所述大蒜水溶性提取液的制备方法为:将大蒜清洗干净后切段、破碎处理、加水打浆,过滤去除杂质,取滤液,即为大蒜水溶性提取液,所述水的用量为大蒜重的2倍;将生姜洗净、切碎后送入料理机粉碎处理,料理机中加有生姜重1倍的清水,粉碎处理后过纱布过滤,去除杂质,获得滤液,即为生姜水溶性提取液;乙酸为食用级乙酸;
(8)冷却:冷却至室温;
(9)包装。
实施例二
一种鱼脯的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)选材:以新鲜的金枪鱼为主原料;
(2)清洗切薄:将步骤(1)的主原料去磷、去头、去尾、去内脏和去骨,接着用清水清洗切薄成鱼片;
(3)腌制料的配制:选用新鲜鸡蛋、食用植物油、白砂糖、食盐、活性炭与离子交换树脂以1:0.5的比例混合而成的改性酸味吸附剂、胡椒粉、酵母粉为辅料,配制成腌制料;其中,新鲜新鲜鸡蛋、食用植物油、白砂糖、食盐、改性酸味吸附剂、胡椒粉、酵母粉的用量为鱼片总重的3%、2%、1%、1%、4%、1%、2%;
(4)拌料:将切薄后的鱼片先用所述改性酸味吸附剂进行浸泡处理7h,用清水清洗;再将鱼片浸泡在酵母粉溶液中发酵1.5h,再送入其他腌制料中腌制;再将鱼片送入含有除改性酸味吸附剂及酵母粉之外的其他组分的腌制料中腌制;
(5)摊平:取出鱼片摊平处理;
(6)高低温交替烘烤:送入高低温烘烤设备中烘烤;所述高低温烘烤设备与实施例一的相同;所述冷热风源可持续交替释放温度介于12℃及40℃的风,启动冷热风源对鱼片进行烘烤;
(7)再次烘烤:在鱼片的表面喷一层微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂,将烘烤架转入烘烤房烘烤,所述烘烤房的温度控制在70℃,烘烤时间为7h,所述微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂的制备方法为:首先,将乙酸、大蒜水溶性提取液、生姜水溶性提取液按重量比为1:3:1.5的比例混合制得天然抑菌调味剂,再将其缓慢加入β-环糊精饱和溶液中,遮光升温至48℃,搅拌均匀,再降温至3℃,抽滤,送入冷冻干燥室冷冻处理24.5h,得到微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂;所述大蒜水溶性提取液的制备方法为:将大蒜清洗干净后切段、破碎处理、加水打浆,过滤去除杂质,取滤液,进行浓缩处理,即获得大蒜水溶性提取液,水的用量为大蒜重的2倍;生姜水溶性提取液的制备方法为:将生姜洗净、切碎后送入料理机粉碎处理,料理机中加有生姜重1倍的清水,粉碎处理后过纱布过滤,去除杂质,获得滤液,即为生姜水溶性提取液;乙酸为食用级乙酸;
(8)冷却:冷却至室温;
(9)包装。
实施例三
一种鱼脯的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)选材:以新鲜的鲈鱼为主原料;
(2)清洗切薄:将步骤(1)的主原料去磷、去头、去尾、去内脏和去骨,接着用清水清洗切薄成鱼片;
(3)腌制料的配制:选用新鲜鸡蛋、食用植物油、白砂糖、食盐、活性炭与离子交换树脂以1:0.8的重量比混合而成的改性酸味吸附剂、咖喱为辅料,配制成腌制料;其中,新鲜新鲜鸡蛋、食用植物油、白砂糖、食盐、改性酸味吸附剂、咖喱的用量为鱼片总重的3%、2%、1%、1%、4%、2%;
(4)拌料:将切薄后的鱼片先用所述改性酸味吸附剂进行浸泡处理8h,用清水清洗;再将鱼片送入含有除改性酸味吸附剂之外的其他组分的腌制料中腌制;
(5)摊平:取出鱼片摊平处理;
(6)高低温交替烘烤:处理方法与实施例一相同;
(7)再次烘烤:在鱼片的表面喷一层微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂,将烘烤架转入烘烤房烘烤,所述烘烤房的温度控制在100℃,烘烤时间为12h,所述微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂的制备方法为:首先,将乙酸、大蒜水溶性提取液、生姜水溶性提取液按重量比为1:4:2的比例混合制得天然抑菌调味剂,再将其缓慢加入β-环糊精饱和溶液中,遮光升温至50℃,搅拌均匀,再降温至5℃,抽滤,送入冷冻干燥室冷冻处理25h,得到微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂;大蒜水溶性提取液、生姜水溶性提取液的制备方法均与实施例一的相同。
(8)冷却:冷却至室温;
(9)包装。
尽管结合优选实施方案具体展示和介绍了本发明,但所属领域的技术人员应该明白,在不脱离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内,在形式上和细节上可以对本发明做出各种变化,均为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)选材及以新鲜的鲈鱼或金枪鱼为主原料;
(2)清洗切薄:将步骤(1)的主原料去磷、去头、去尾、去内脏和去骨,接着用清水清洗切薄成鱼片;
(3)腌制料的配制:选用新鲜鸡蛋、食用植物油、白砂糖、食盐、改性酸味吸附剂、风味调味剂为辅料,配制成腌制料;
(4)拌料:将切薄后的鱼片先用所述改性酸味吸附剂进行浸泡处理6-8h,用清水清洗;再将鱼片送入含有除改性酸味吸附剂之外的其他组分的腌制料中腌制;
(5)摊平:取出鱼片摊平处理;
(6)高低温交替烘烤:送入高低温烘烤设备中烘烤;所述高低温烘烤设备包括封闭式烘烤框体(1),所述烘烤框体(1)内设有烘烤架(2),所述烘烤架(2)上间隔设有烘烤盘(3),鱼片摊平在各个烘烤盘(3)表面,所述烘烤盘(3)的表面均匀开设有透液孔(31),所述封闭式烘烤框体(1)内设有冷热风源(4),所述冷热风源可持续交替释放温度介于10-15℃及35-42℃的风,启动冷热风源对鱼片进行烘烤;
(7)再次烘烤:在鱼片的表面喷一层微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂,将烘烤架转入烘烤房烘烤,所述烘烤房的温度控制在60-100℃,烘烤时间为5-12h,所述微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂的制备方法为:首先,将乙酸、大蒜水溶性提取液、生姜水溶性提取液按重量比为1:2-4:1-2的比例混合制得天然抑菌调味剂,再将其缓慢加入β-环糊精饱和溶液中,遮光升温至45-50℃,搅拌均匀,再降温至2-5℃,抽滤,送入冷冻干燥室冷冻处理24-25h,得到微胶囊天然抑菌调味剂;
(8)冷却:冷却至室温;
(9)包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述风味调味辅料为咖喱或胡椒粉或辣椒油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述改性酸味吸附剂为活性炭与离子交换树脂以1:0.3-0.8的重量比混合而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述风味调味剂为酵母粉。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酵母粉的用量为鱼片重的3-4wt%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,在用改性酸性吸附剂处理后将鱼片浸泡在酵母粉溶液中发酵1-2h,再送入其他腌制料中腌制。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述烘烤盘表面涂有一层硅胶层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述大蒜水溶性提取液的制备方法为:将大蒜清洗干净后切段、破碎处理、加水打浆,过滤去除杂质,取滤液,即为大蒜水溶性提取液。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述水的用量为大蒜重的2倍。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种鱼脯的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)中透液孔的孔经为3-5mm。
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