CN114933737A - 一种环保疏水剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取NaOH/尿素/H2O作为溶剂,在低温下对微晶纤维素进行溶解,得到透明的纤维素溶液;将纤维素溶液通过水浴加热成型,得到纤维素水凝胶;取正硅酸乙酯和无水乙醇配置成正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液;将制备的水凝胶浸泡在的正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液中,置于水浴中,间隔更换若干次正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液;随后分别用乙醇和叔丁醇进行溶剂置换,若干次更换后冷冻干燥得到再生纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶;将制备的再生纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶浸泡在十八烷基三氯硅烷/正己烷溶液中,正己烷漂洗烘干,得到疏水纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶,即疏水剂,本发明改变和提高疏水剂自身的融水性,增加其外置使用的寿命和效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及疏水剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种环保疏水剂的制备方法。
背景技术
水性疏水剂是一种混合体化合物,经科学技术表面改性处理后,分散在水中形成稳定的分散体,加入涂料中能在涂料成膜表面形成一种特殊抗水结构(改变接触角)使表面具有极强的疏水、憎水、防水、提高遮味效果。
纤维素是在自然界中最常见的物质,每年可由光合作用产生几百亿吨,是一种丰富的可再生的有机资源。纤维素气凝胶作为继无机气凝胶和合成聚合物气凝胶之后的新一代气凝胶材料,不仅沿袭了传统气凝胶的优点,还将纤维素本身具有的优异性能引入其中。本专利以微晶纤维素为原料,NaOH/尿素/H2O体系为溶剂,得到纤维素水凝胶,通过正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液浸泡、再生、溶剂置换以及冷冻干燥制备再生纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶,再利用十八烷基三氯硅烷对其进行疏水改性,既避免了有机硅疏水材料差的重涂性,也避免了其它疏水剂透气性差的局面。使涂料具有良好的荷叶双疏水性、自洁性、憎水性、防水性、耐污性、耐擦洗性等性能。
目前,市场上的疏水剂多以硅基材料为主,造价高,疏水效果差,原料以及生产过程环境效益不理想,这些都是实际存在而又急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种环保疏水剂的制造方法。
本发明提供如下技术方案:一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:a.取NaOH/尿素/H2O作为溶剂,在低温下对微晶纤维素进行溶解,得到透明的纤维素溶液;b.将纤维素溶液通过水浴加热成型,得到纤维素水凝胶;c.取正硅酸乙酯和无水乙醇配置成正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液;d.将步骤b中制备的水凝胶浸泡在的正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液中,置于水浴中,间隔更换若干次正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液;e.随后分别用乙醇和叔丁醇进行溶剂置换,若干次更换后冷冻干燥得到再生纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶;f.将步骤e中制备的再生纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶浸泡在十八烷基三氯硅烷/正己烷溶液中,正己烷漂洗烘干,得到疏水纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶,即疏水剂。
本发明一较佳实施例中,所述步骤a中;NaOH/尿素/H2O溶剂成分质量比为7∶12∶81,溶解温度为-18℃。
本发明一较佳实施例中,所述步骤b中:水浴加热温度为75-80℃。
本发明一较佳实施例中,所述步骤c中:正硅酸乙酯和无水乙醇溶液体积比为1:50。
本发明一较佳实施例中,所述步骤d中:水浴加热温度为50-60℃。
本发明一较佳实施例中,所述步骤f中:十八烷基三氯硅烷/正己烷溶液浓度为1.5%。
本发明一较佳实施例中,步骤b的水浴加热过程中,间隔换水以除去多余杂质。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明通过采用微晶纤维素、氢氧化钠、尿素、无水乙醇、叔丁醇、正硅酸乙酯、十八烷基三氯硅烷组成配料,便于改变和提高疏水剂自身的融水性,增加其外置使用的寿命和效果。由于其独特的尺寸和高强度,纤维素纳米晶体/SiO2以“种草”的方式部分插入黏合剂中,而不是水平放置。这种取向可以确保纤维素纳米晶体/SiO2不会轻易移动,并且大量的SiO2颗粒在涂层中提供了足够的表面粗糙度,从而保持超疏水性;该涂层中纤维素纳米晶体/SiO2通过部分安装在胶黏剂中,在基材表面形成牢固的草状微结构,具有超高的机械稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:
一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取成分质量比为7∶12∶81的NaOH/尿素/H2O作为溶剂,在-18℃的低温条件下对微晶纤维素进行溶解,得到透明的纤维素溶液;
将纤维素溶液滴加到小烧杯中,75℃水浴加热成型,每6h更换一次水,更换3次,以除去多余杂质,最终得到纤维素水凝胶;
取体积比为1:50的正硅酸乙酯溶液和无水乙醇溶液配置成混合溶液;将制备的水凝胶浸泡在的正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液中,置于50℃水浴中,每12h更换一次正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液,更换3次;
随后分别用乙醇和叔丁醇进行溶剂置换,每12h更换一次,更换3次,冷冻干燥得到再生纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶;
将制备的再生纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶浸泡在浓度为1.5%的十八烷基三氯硅烷/正己烷溶液中2h,正己烷漂洗3次,然后烘干,分别得到疏水纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶,即环保疏水剂。
通过本发明所制成的一种环保疏水剂与某市面常用疏水剂进行试验对比,试验过程如下:
1、配合破坏装置如粉碎机,对实施例一疏水剂进行破碎;
2、配合试验盆,置入1L蒸馏水,对疏水剂进行投掷搅拌,静置5分钟后,对盆底剩余的颗粒进行收集称重,按照百分比计算出融水性;
3、实施例一疏水剂在制备过程中,从开始入料为准,配合计时装置进行计时,以出料为准,进行计时暂停,来确定制备的速度;
4、实施例一疏水剂采用间接测定法,用高准确度、高灵敏度的方法测定高纯物质中的各种杂质含量,然后从待测物质中减去所测杂质总量的百分率作为该高纯物质的纯度。
试验数据如下:破坏强度240N,融水性7.8M2,萃取速度1.6h,萃取纯度≥91%。经实验验证,本发明所制成的一种环保疏水剂具有高融水性、萃取速度和萃取纯度较以往都有极大的提高。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点,对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a.取NaOH/尿素/H2O作为溶剂,在低温下对微晶纤维素进行溶解,得到透明的纤维素溶液;
b.将纤维素溶液通过水浴加热成型,得到纤维素水凝胶;
c.取正硅酸乙酯和无水乙醇配置成正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液;
d.将步骤b中制备的水凝胶浸泡在的正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液中,置于水浴中,间隔更换若干次正硅酸乙酯/乙醇溶液;
e.随后分别用乙醇和叔丁醇进行溶剂置换,若干次更换后冷冻干燥得到再生纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶;
f.将步骤e中制备的再生纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶浸泡在十八烷基三氯硅烷/正己烷溶液中,正己烷漂洗烘干,得到疏水纤维素/SiO2复合气凝胶,即疏水剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤a中;NaOH/尿素/H2O溶剂成分质量比为7∶12∶81,溶解温度为-18℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤b中:水浴加热温度为75-80℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤c中:正硅酸乙酯和无水乙醇溶液体积比为1:50。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤d中:水浴加热温度为50-60℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤f中:十八烷基三氯硅烷/正己烷溶液浓度为1.5%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保疏水剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤b的水浴加热过程中,间隔换水以除去多余杂质。
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