CN114907863B - Special chlorine-control soil conditioner for tobacco and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special chlorine-control soil conditioner for tobacco and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special chlorine-control soil conditioner for tobacco, and preparation and application thereof, wherein the conditioner comprises a powdery soil conditioner, a powdery auxiliary agent and a powdery microbial agent; by blending the components of biochar, algal polysaccharide, desulfurized gypsum and the like, the unique application method is utilized to strengthen the vertical migration of soil chloride ions, improve the soil structure, reduce the absorption and accumulation of flue-cured tobacco to chloride ions, have remarkable effect on tobacco chlorine control, and the reduction range of the tobacco chloride ion content reaches more than 10 percent according to the field experimental result. And the environment-friendly aqueous adhesive auxiliary agent is utilized to strengthen the connection stability of the conditioner and soil particles, enhance the ion exchange capacity of the soil, reduce the adsorption force of chloride ions in the soil of the plough layer and strengthen the leaching process of the chloride ions. The auxiliary agent can be naturally decomposed to provide potash fertilizer for tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco. Not only can effectively control the chloride ion content of tobacco leaves in tobacco planting, but also has potential application value in soil salinization improvement and efficient fertilizer utilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco soil conditioning and improvement, in particular to a special chlorine-control soil conditioner for tobacco, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
For natural geographic reasons and human factors, the chlorine ion content of tobacco leaves in the production area in the relaxation is relatively high, and is preferably 0.3-0.8%, for example, the average chlorine ion content of Henan tobacco leaves is 1.02%, and exceeds a proper standard, and the chlorine ion content of tobacco leaves cannot be effectively controlled by adopting simple measures for prohibiting the application of chlorine-containing fertilizers in the production area in the prior art. Although some universities and scientific research institutions conduct chloride ion regulation and control through improvement of cultivation systems, irrigation cultivation, field management and soil improvement measures, stable and effective chlorine control effects cannot be achieved.
At present, although some soil conditioner products exist, the positioning of the soil conditioner products is inaccurate, the cost is too high, the quality control is poor, and the phenomena of false propaganda and the like are very common. The conditioning agent in the market is prepared by mixing one or more components of natural minerals, agricultural wastes, municipal domestic wastes, industrial byproducts, artificial polymers and the like and granulating by a granulator or keeping the original state without processing. The invention patent with the application publication number of CN106010545A discloses a preparation method and application of a tobacco soil conditioner, wherein a mixed solution of calcium nitrate and aluminum nitrate is slowly dripped into a sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate reaction kettle, and is continuously stirred to be uniformly mixed, then the mixture is kept at normal temperature for a period of time, and then suction filtration and washing are carried out, and finally solid slag is dried to obtain the conditioner.
At present, the technology which is effective for regulating and controlling soil chloride ions mainly takes physical adsorption as a main part, and on one hand, the leaching effect of soil salinity is enhanced by improving the ventilation and water permeability of the soil; on the other hand, by the competitive adsorption principle, antagonistic anions are added to strengthen the activity of chloride ions. The application method of the soil conditioner is similar to that of chemical fertilizers, the soil conditioner is usually in a form of strip application, the dosage is large, the cost is high, the effect is unstable, antagonistic ions in the soil conditioner are easy to run off along with the leaching process, the effect duration is short, and therefore, the special chlorine-control soil conditioner for tobacco is needed to be proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing soil conditioner, the invention provides a special chlorine-control soil conditioner for tobacco, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to effectively control the content of chloride ions in tobacco leaves in tobacco planting and improve the quality of the tobacco leaves.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the special chlorine-controlling soil conditioner for tobacco comprises a powdery soil conditioner, a powdery auxiliary agent and a powdery microbial agent;
the powdery modifier comprises biological carbon powder, bean pulp powder, desulfurized gypsum powder and volcanic powder, wherein the mass ratio of the biological carbon powder to the bean pulp powder to the desulfurized gypsum powder to the volcanic powder is (3.5-4.5): (1.5-2.5): 1: (2.5-3.5);
the powdery auxiliary agent comprises a thickening agent and a soluble organic acid salt, wherein the mass ratio of the thickening agent to the soluble organic acid salt is (3.5-4.5): 1, a step of;
the powdery microbial agent comprises a biocontrol microbial agent and soluble organic acid calcium salt, wherein the mass ratio of the biocontrol microbial agent to the soluble organic acid calcium salt is (18-20): 1.
further, the thickener comprises xanthan gum, guar gum, gelatin, carrageenan, etc.
Further, the soluble organic acid salt includes potassium alginate, acacia, potassium salt of organic acid, magnesium salt of organic acid, and the like.
Further, the soluble organic acid calcium salt includes calcium acetate, magnesium salt, and the like.
Furthermore, the biocontrol microbial inoculum adopts other biocontrol microbial inoculum such as bacillus subtilis and the like.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the chlorine-control soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
the powdery modifier comprises biological carbon powder, bean pulp powder, desulfurized gypsum powder and volcanic rock powder according to the mass ratio of (3.5-4.5): (1.5-2.5): 1: (2.5-3.5) and evenly mixing;
the powdery auxiliary agent, the thickening agent and the soluble organic acid salt are mixed according to the mass ratio of (3.5-4.5): 1, mixing uniformly;
the mass ratio of the powdery microbial agent, the biocontrol microbial agent and the soluble organic acid calcium salt is (18-20): 1 are mixed according to the proportion.
Further, the biochar powder, the bean pulp powder, the desulfurized gypsum powder and the vesuvianite are correspondingly crushed by a crusher, the biochar, the fermented bean pulp, the desulfurized gypsum and the vesuvianite are sieved by a sieve of 1-4 mm, and the vesuvianite and the desulfurized gypsum are sieved by a sieve of 30-50 meshes.
The invention further provides application of the conditioner in soil improvement.
Further, when used for tobacco soil improvement:
(1) Slowly and uniformly dissolving the powdery auxiliary agent and water in a dissolution ratio of 1:200, continuously stirring in the adding process to form a high-viscosity carrier, adding the powdery modifier into the high-viscosity carrier, and uniformly stirring to form a suspension liquid modifier;
(2) In the rotary tillage process, along with the work of a rotary cultivator, the suspension modifier is uniformly sprayed into soil under rotary tillage by using a stone paint spraying machine;
(3) The powdery microbial agent and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1000, and respectively root-irrigating the plants with the conditioning bacteria agent for one time in the period of the root-irrigation, the middle-and-early stage of the vigorous growth and the middle-and-later stage of the vigorous growth.
Further, the consumption of the powdery auxiliary agent is 10kg per mu, the consumption of the powdery modifier per mu is 50kg, and the consumption of the powdery microbial inoculum per mu is 0.5kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
according to the scheme, through the application of the mixed conditioner, the components such as biochar, algal polysaccharide and desulfurized gypsum are blended, the unique application method is utilized to strengthen the vertical migration of soil chloride ions, improve the soil structure, reduce the absorption and accumulation of flue-cured tobacco to the chloride ions, have a remarkable effect on tobacco chlorine control, and the reduction range of the tobacco chloride ion content reaches more than 10% according to field experiment results.
And the environment-friendly aqueous adhesive auxiliary agent is utilized to strengthen the connection stability of the conditioner and soil particles, enhance the ion exchange capacity of the soil, reduce the adsorption force of chloride ions in the soil of the plough layer and strengthen the leaching process of the chloride ions. The auxiliary agent can be naturally decomposed to provide potash fertilizer for tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing and applying a conditioning agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood, a further description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The embodiment 1 relates to a preparation method of a special chlorine-control soil conditioner for tobacco;
the conditioning agent comprises a powdery soil conditioner, a powdery auxiliary agent and a powdery microbial agent;
the powdery modifier comprises biological carbon powder, bean pulp powder, desulfurized gypsum powder and volcanic powder, wherein the biological carbon powder, the bean pulp powder, the desulfurized gypsum powder and the volcanic powder are correspondingly prepared according to the mass ratio of (3.5-4.5): (1.5-2.5): 1: (2.5-3.5) and evenly mixing;
the biological carbon powder, the bean pulp powder, the desulfurized gypsum powder and the vesuvianite are crushed by a crusher, the biological carbon and the fermented bean pulp are sieved by a sieve of 1-4 mm, the vesuvianite and the desulfurized gypsum are sieved by a sieve of 30-50 meshes, and the preferred biological carbon powder, the bean pulp powder, the desulfurized gypsum powder and the vesuvianite powder are prepared according to the mass ratio of 4:2:1:3.
the powdery auxiliary agent comprises a thickening agent and soluble organic acid salt, wherein the mass ratio of the thickening agent to the soluble organic acid salt is (3.5-4.5): 1, preferably the ratio is 4:1.
The powdery microbial agent comprises a biocontrol microbial agent and soluble organic acid calcium salt, wherein the mass ratio of the biocontrol microbial agent to the soluble organic acid calcium salt is (18-20): 1, preferably 19:1.
The thickener comprises xanthan gum, guar gum, gelatin, carrageenan and the like, the xanthan gum is preferred in the embodiment, and the thickener can be replaced by high-viscosity thickening cementing agents such as guar gum, gelatin, carrageenan and the like with higher cost according to the requirement; under certain conditions, the main component and the auxiliary component can be replaced by each other, and the soluble organic acid salt comprises potassium alginate, organic acid magnesium salt and the like, and can also use organic polymer substances such as acacia, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like, and the embodiment considers that potassium ions in the potassium alginate have potential fertilizer efficiency, so the soluble organic acid salt is adopted as the auxiliary component. The soluble organic acid calcium salt comprises calcium acetate, magnesium salt and the like, and the biocontrol microbial agent adopts bacillus subtilis. The auxiliary component of the microbial inoculum in the powdery microbial inoculum is mainly calcium acetate, and can be replaced by similar soluble organic acid calcium salt and magnesium salt, and the type of the applied biological control microbial inoculum is not limited to bacillus subtilis.
Example 2, application of a special chlorine-controlling soil conditioner for tobacco,
(1) Slowly and uniformly dissolving the powdery auxiliary agent in a dissolution ratio of 1:200, continuously stirring the powdery auxiliary agent with the dosage of 10kg per mu in the adding process to form a high-viscosity carrier, adding the powdery modifier into the high-viscosity carrier, and uniformly stirring the powdery modifier with the dosage of 50kg per mu to form a suspension liquid modifier;
(2) In the rotary tillage process, along with the work of a rotary cultivator, the suspension modifier is uniformly sprayed into soil under rotary tillage by using a real stone paint spraying machine, and the rest tobacco cultivation management measures are unchanged.
The thickening agent is mixed with water to form an auxiliary agent, and the auxiliary agent is matched with conditioner components to form a novel soil conditioner form of suspension, so that the suspension conditioner is innovatively prepared, and soil improvement is synchronously completed in the cultivation process by using a pressure spraying tool; the environment-friendly thickener is used for adhering soil particles, so that the number of anionic charges carried by the soil particles is increased, the cation exchange capacity of the soil is improved, the agglomeration performance of the soil is enhanced, the adsorption force of anions such as chloride ions, sulfate ions and the like is reduced, and the leaching efficiency is enhanced.
(3) The powdery microbial agent is prepared by the following steps of: 1000, and respectively irrigating roots with the conditioning bacteria agent once in the period of the graining, the middle-early stage of the vigorous growth and the middle-late stage of the vigorous growth, wherein the dosage of the conditioning bacteria agent is 500g each mu and the fertility period is 3 times. In the embodiment, the water-soluble organic calcium solution is used as an agricultural biocontrol microbial inoculum carrier, potassium ions in organic acid potassium salt are activated, release of the potassium ions is promoted to enhance fertilizer efficiency, organic acid radicals are used as microbial inoculum synergists, the action effect of the microbial inoculum is enhanced, and the microbial inoculum of calcium acetate components is used for promoting release of potassium ions in potassium alginate, promoting fertilizer efficiency, enhancing activity of the microbial inoculum and enhancing biocontrol function.
Compared with the existing directly applied conditioner, the invention can combine the conditioner components with soil particles more tightly, reduce the defect of uneven application of the powdery conditioner, reduce dust in the cultivation process and improve the utilization rate of the conditioner. Meanwhile, by utilizing the tight combination of the high molecular organic acid radical and the soil particles, on one hand, the chlorine ions can be competitively adsorbed, the adsorption quantity of the chlorine ions in the soil is reduced, the leaching efficiency is enhanced, and on the other hand, a buffer layer can be created between the plant root system and the free chlorine ions, and the absorption effect of crops on the chlorine ions is enhanced and reduced. In addition, the environment-friendly polysaccharide auxiliary agent has no pollution to the farmland soil environment, and the auxiliary agent cementing conditioner component and soil particles are used for helping the formation of soil aggregate structures and maintaining the aeration and water permeability of the soil; the calcium ions in the microbial inoculum containing the calcium acetate component can be replaced with potassium ions in potassium alginate to form calcium alginate gel, and the potassium ions are released for absorption and utilization by plants to promote soil fertility. Meanwhile, the organic acid radical can strengthen the colonization of the microbial inoculum in the soil of the root zone, and the action effect of the agricultural biocontrol microbial inoculum is improved. These are all the effects of the existing soil improvement products which are weak or not. In addition, the product of the invention not only can effectively control the chloride ion content of tobacco leaves in tobacco planting, but also has potential application value in soil salinization improvement and fertilizer efficient utilization.
Proved by field test data of tobacco planting in Xiangcheng county of Chuchang City in Henan province of 2021, the application of the conditioner can effectively reduce the content of chloride ions in tobacco leaves, compared with the control group, the conditioner application can reduce the chloride ion content by 25.4%, increase the potassium ion content in tobacco leaves, and the improvement range is 32.4%. Meanwhile, the conditioner application has remarkable effects of reducing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves, improving total sugar and reducing the total nitrogen content.
TABLE 1 soil conditioner for content of chloride ions (unit%) in cured tobacco leaves
The additive provided by the invention is used for treating the saline soil, so that the water stability of the saline soil is obviously improved, and the soil aggregate structure is obviously improved.
TABLE 2 auxiliary treatment of water-stable macroaggregate content (unit:%)
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any equivalent embodiments which can be changed or modified by the technical content disclosed above can be applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The special chlorine-control soil conditioner for tobacco is characterized by comprising a powdery soil conditioner, a powdery auxiliary agent and a powdery microbial agent;
the powdery modifier comprises biological carbon powder, bean pulp powder, desulfurized gypsum powder and volcanic powder, wherein the mass ratio of the biological carbon powder to the bean pulp powder to the desulfurized gypsum powder to the volcanic powder is (3.5-4.5): (1.5-2.5): 1: (2.5-3.5);
the powdery auxiliary agent comprises a thickening agent and potassium alginate, wherein the mass ratio of the thickening agent to the potassium alginate is (3.5-4.5): 1, a step of; the powdery microbial agent comprises a biocontrol microbial agent and calcium acetate, wherein the mass ratio of the biocontrol microbial agent to the calcium acetate is (18-20): 1.
2. the tobacco specific chlorine-controlling soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein: the thickener comprises xanthan gum, guar gum, gelatin, and carrageenan.
3. The tobacco specific chlorine-controlling soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein: the biocontrol microbial agent adopts bacillus subtilis.
4. A method for preparing the special chlorine-controlling soil conditioner for tobacco according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that:
the powdery modifier comprises biological carbon powder, bean pulp powder, desulfurized gypsum powder and volcanic rock powder according to the mass ratio of (3.5-4.5): (1.5-2.5): 1: (2.5-3.5) and evenly mixing;
the powdery auxiliary agent, the thickening agent and the potassium alginate are mixed according to the mass ratio of (3.5-4.5): 1, mixing uniformly;
the mass ratio of the powdery microbial agent, the biocontrol microbial agent and the calcium acetate is (18-20): 1 are mixed according to the proportion.
5. The method for preparing the special chlorine-control soil conditioner for tobacco, as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the biological carbon powder, the bean pulp powder, the desulfurized gypsum powder and the vesuvianite are crushed by a crusher correspondingly, the biological carbon, the bean pulp powder, the desulfurized gypsum powder and the vesuvianite are sieved by a sieve of 1-4 mm, and the vesuvianite and the desulfurized gypsum are sieved by a sieve of 30-50 meshes.
6. Use of a tobacco specific chlorine control soil conditioner prepared according to the preparation method of claim 4 or 5 in soil improvement.
7. The use according to claim 6, for tobacco soil improvement:
(1) Slowly and uniformly dissolving the powdery auxiliary agent and water in a dissolution ratio of 1:200, continuously stirring in the adding process to form a high-viscosity carrier, adding the powdery modifier into the high-viscosity carrier, and uniformly stirring to form a suspension liquid modifier;
(2) In the rotary tillage process, along with the work of a rotary cultivator, the suspension modifier is uniformly sprayed into soil under rotary tillage by using a stone paint spraying machine;
(3) The powdery microbial agent and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1000, and respectively root-irrigating the plants with the conditioning bacteria agent for one time in the period of the root-irrigation, the middle-and-early stage of the vigorous growth and the middle-and-later stage of the vigorous growth.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the amount of the powdery auxiliary agent is 10kg per mu, the amount of the powdery modifier is 50kg per mu, and the amount of the powdery microbial agent is 0.5kg per mu.
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| CN115637155A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-01-24 | 北京师范大学 | Biological carbon system conditioning module for improving saline-alkali soil and preparation method |
| CN115885650A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-04-04 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Fertilizing method for improving potassium content of middle-upper tobacco leaves of Yuxi flue-cured tobacco |
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| CN114507531A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-17 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | Tea garden acid soil conditioner and improvement process |
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| CN114907863A (en) | 2022-08-16 |
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