CN113651654A - Special compound fertilizer for coastal saline soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special compound fertilizer for coastal saline soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113651654A CN113651654A CN202111044972.7A CN202111044972A CN113651654A CN 113651654 A CN113651654 A CN 113651654A CN 202111044972 A CN202111044972 A CN 202111044972A CN 113651654 A CN113651654 A CN 113651654A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a special compound fertilizer for coastal saline soil and a preparation method thereof. The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of animal waste subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, 30-40 parts of carbonized soybean, 15-20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10-20 parts of humic acid or salt thereof, 1-2 parts of sodium alginate gel, 5-6 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 5-6 parts of vermiculite and 10-15 parts of microbial agent fermentation liquor; the microbial inoculum fermentation liquor is prepared by fermenting Bacillus megaterium, and the Bacillus megaterium is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2020, 5 months and 9 days, with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 19789. The invention can improve the texture of saline soil, loosen the soil structure, promote the growth of indigenous microorganisms, increase the nutrients of the soil, improve the water retention capacity of the soil and improve the yield and the quality of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special compound fertilizer for coastal saline soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Saline soil is a general term for saline soil and alkaline earth and various salinized and alkalized soils. Salinized soil with the salt content of 0.2-0.6% and salinized soil with the salt content of 0.6-2% or above on the surface layer of 20 cm; the saline soil is mostly distributed in arid, semiarid and coastal areas. Drought in climate, poor drainage, high groundwater level and seawater flooding are important causes of salt accumulation in soil. In addition, due to artificial reasons, unreasonable cultivation irrigation can raise the underground water level, easily soluble salt is accumulated in a surface soil layer, secondary salinization is carried out, and salinized soil is formed. The alkalinized soil adsorbs more exchangeable sodium, and exchangeable sodium in the alkaline earth layer may account for more than 20% of exchangeable cations. Excessive soluble salt in saline soil can increase the osmotic pressure of soil solution to cause physiological drought of crops; too much exchangeable sodium in the alkaline earth may cause a series of poor physicochemical properties.
Therefore, the saline soil has high salt content and low available nutrients, and the yield and the quality of crops are influenced. In the prior art, the salinized soil is generally improved by enhancing the salinization effect of the soil through physical means, such as: the straw is laid under the plough layer, although leaching can be effectively promoted and salt return can be inhibited, the engineering cost is high, and large-scale popularization is difficult. In the prior art, organic compost and/or chemical improvement fertilizer is applied when crops are planted in saline soil, the saline soil cannot be improved by the organic compost, the preparation time is long, potential safety hazards exist in raw materials such as excrement and urine, and the organic compost is not suitable for large-area planting of the crops; the chemical improving fertilizer can reduce the exchangeable sodium content of soil, but the improving agent does not contain nutrients, can not supply other nutrients to salinized soil, and is not beneficial to the growth of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special compound fertilizer for coastal saline soil and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, fertilizers for crops in saline soil cannot organically combine improved soil and supplement nutrients for soil, so that the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate is low, and the yield and quality of the crops are affected.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil disclosed by the invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of animal waste subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, 30-40 parts of carbonized soybean, 15-20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10-20 parts of humic acid or salt thereof, 1-2 parts of sodium alginate gel, 5-6 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 5-6 parts of vermiculite and 10-15 parts of microbial agent fermentation liquor; the microbial agent fermentation liquid is prepared by fermenting bacillus megaterium, and the OD of the microbial agent fermentation liquid600The value is 0.18-0.22, the Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium, and the Bacillus megaterium is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 5-9.2020 with the preservation address: no. 3 of Xilu No.1 of Beijing, Chaoyang, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 19789.
The compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil consists of animal wastes subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, carbonized soybeans, desulfurized gypsum, humic acid or salts thereof, sodium alginate gel, wood vinegar, vermiculite and microbial agent fermentation broth, wherein the raw materials interact with each other, promote each other and supplement each other to obtain the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil, and the compound fertilizer has the effects of improving soil, increasing nutrition and promoting crop growth; the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil can reduce exchangeable sodium in the soil, improve the soil texture, reduce the pH value of the soil, loosen the soil structure, improve the water retention capacity of the soil, reduce the volatilization of water in the soil, promote the growth of indigenous microorganisms in the soil, increase the nutrient content in the soil, promote the growth of crops, provide necessary carbon sources and nitrogen sources for the growth of microorganisms, enhance the nitrogen fixation capacity of the crops, and have remarkable promoting effect on the growth of the crops in the coastal saline soil.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the microbial agent fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: inoculating single colony of Bacillus megaterium to LB liquid culture medium, shake culturing at 27-29 deg.C and 150-600The value is 0.18-0.22, and seed liquid is obtained; adding seed liquid into LB liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 1:80-120, and shake culturing at 27-29 deg.C and 150-600The value is 0.18-0.22, and fermentation liquor is obtained. The invention adopts the bacillus megaterium fermentation liquor, the bacillus megaterium is self-screened rhizobium, the bacillus megaterium fermentation liquor has strong activity and has various growth promoting capacities of producing indoleacetic acid (IAA), producing ammonia, fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and the like; OD600Refers to the absorbance of a solution at a wavelength of 600nm, which is proportional to the concentration of the light absorbing substance in the solution and correspondingly inversely proportional to the transmittance T of the sample, and numerically, a logarithmic relationship therebetween. The LB liquid medium of the present invention is a commonly used LB medium.
As a preferred embodiment, the sodium alginate gel is biochar-sodium alginate gel, and the preparation method of the biochar-sodium alginate gel comprises the following steps: mixing biochar and sodium alginate, wherein the mass ratio of biochar to sodium alginate is 4-6:5, adding distilled water, the using amount of distilled water is 250 times of the total mass of biochar and sodium alginate, stirring for 40-60min at 75-85 ℃, cooling, dropwise adding calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 3-4%, standing for 20-30h, taking out, washing and drying to obtain the biochar-sodium alginate gel. The sodium alginate gel also contains biochar, which is a biochar-sodium alginate composite gel, and the biochar can further improve the soil texture and promote the growth of indigenous microorganisms in the soil; the biochar-sodium alginate gel can improve the utilization rate of compound fertilizers, improve the stress resistance of crops and improve the quality of the crops.
As a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the biochar is as follows: taking straws, drying and crushing to obtain particles; under the protection of inert gas, heating to 400-500 ℃ by adopting a temperature programming method, carrying out thermal insulation cracking for 1-3h, and cooling to obtain the biochar. The biochar raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, the pretreatment is simple and convenient, the adopted pyrolysis conditions can increase the microporous structure of the biochar to the maximum extent, the specific surface area of the biochar is further increased, the formation of soil aggregates is promoted, and the adsorption and the maintenance of nutrient ions by soil are enhanced.
In a preferred embodiment, the length of the particles is 2-3cm, the temperature-programmed rate is 8-12 ℃/min, and the particles are cooled to room temperature during cooling. In the preparation process of the biochar, straws are firstly crushed into small sections of 2-3cm after being dried, the temperature of the crushed straw small sections is raised in a program raising mode under the protection of inert gas, the crushed straw small sections are kept warm, and finally the crushed straw small sections are continuously cooled to room temperature under the state of oxygen isolation; the biochar prepared by the method has excellent performance, and is particularly suitable for the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil.
In a preferred embodiment, the animal manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying has an organic matter content of not less than 60% and a particle size of not more than 1.5 mm. The animal waste is animal waste which is sterilized and dried at high temperature, has low water content and is convenient to store, strains harmful to crop growth are removed through sterilization treatment, the nutrient components are rich, the use is safe, the particle shape is good, the compound fertilizer is convenient to process, and the potential safety hazard is eliminated.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the animal manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying comprises the following steps: sterilizing animal feces at 110 deg.C for 20-40min, oven drying at 60-70 deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain animal feces after high temperature sterilization and oven drying. The animal waste after high-temperature sterilization and drying is used as an organic fertilizer to provide necessary nutrient components for the growth of crops; the animal waste of the present invention may be pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, horse manure, etc., and preferably cow manure or horse manure is used.
As a preferred embodiment, the humic acid or salt thereof is humic acid, potassium humate or sodium humate. The humic acid or the salt thereof is usually mineral humic acid or salt thereof, and the humic acid or the salt thereof not only can provide abundant nutrient components for crop production, but also can adjust the pH value of soil and improve saline soil.
In a preferred embodiment, the carbonized soybean is a carbonized soybean powder obtained by pulverizing and sieving carbonized soybeans, and the particle size of the carbonized soybean powder is not more than 0.75 mm. The carbonized soybean realizes the reutilization of waste, provides sufficient carbon source and nitrogen source for the growth of crops, can be better fused with other raw materials after being crushed and sieved, promotes the interaction between the carbonized soybean and other raw materials, and improves the fertilizer efficiency.
In another aspect, the preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps: 1) mixing and uniformly stirring animal wastes subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, carbonized soybeans, desulfurized gypsum, humic acid or salt thereof, sodium alginate gel and vermiculite to obtain a primary mixed material; 2) adding wood vinegar into the mixture obtained in the step 1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture; 3) adding the microbial agent fermentation liquor into the mixture obtained in the step 2), and uniformly stirring to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil.
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the solid raw materials, adding the wood vinegar to fully disperse the wood vinegar in the solid raw materials, and finally adding the microbial agent fermentation liquor to uniformly stir. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil has the advantages of short process flow, simple operation, no special requirement on equipment, mild reaction and easy realization of industrialization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil consists of animal wastes subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, carbonized soybeans, desulfurized gypsum, humic acid or salts thereof, sodium alginate gel, wood vinegar, vermiculite and microbial agent fermentation broth, wherein the raw materials interact with each other, promote each other and supplement each other, the preparation process flow is short, the operation is simple, no special requirement is imposed on equipment, the reaction is mild, the industrialization is easy to realize, and the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil, which has the effects of improving soil nutrition and promoting crop growth, is obtained; the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil can reduce exchangeable sodium in the soil, improve the soil texture, reduce the pH value of the soil, loosen the soil structure, improve the water retention capacity of the soil, reduce the volatilization of water in the soil, promote the growth of indigenous microorganisms in the soil, increase the nutrient content in the soil, stimulate the growth of crops, provide necessary carbon sources and nitrogen sources for the growth of the crops, enhance the nitrogen fixation capacity of the crops, have a remarkable promoting effect on the growth of the crops in the coastal saline soil, can remarkably improve the fresh weight, the dry weight and the grain number of the plants of the crops, improve the quality of the crops and further improve the yield of the crops.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a special compound fertilizer for coastal saline soil, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of animal waste subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, 30-40 parts of carbonized soybean, 15-20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10-20 parts of humic acid or salt thereof, 1-2 parts of sodium alginate gel, 5-6 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 5-6 parts of vermiculite and 10-15 parts of microbial agent fermentation liquor; the microbial agent fermentation liquid is prepared by fermenting bacillus megaterium, and the OD of the microbial agent fermentation liquid600The value is 0.18-0.22, the Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 5-9.2020, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 19789.
Preferably, the preparation method of the microbial agent fermentation broth comprises the following steps: taking bacillus megateriumInoculating the single colony in LB liquid culture medium, shaking culturing at 27-29 deg.C and 150-200r/min to OD600The value is 0.18-0.22, and seed liquid is obtained; adding seed liquid into LB liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 1:80-120, and shake culturing at 27-29 deg.C and 150-600The value is 0.18-0.22, and fermentation liquor is obtained.
Preferably, the sodium alginate gel is biochar-sodium alginate gel, and the preparation method of the biochar-sodium alginate gel comprises the following steps: mixing biochar and sodium alginate, wherein the mass ratio of biochar to sodium alginate is 4-6:5, adding distilled water, the using amount of distilled water is 250 times of the total mass of biochar and sodium alginate, stirring for 40-60min at 75-85 ℃, cooling, dropwise adding calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 3-4%, standing for 20-30h, taking out, washing and drying to obtain the biochar-sodium alginate gel.
Further, the preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps: taking straws, drying and crushing to obtain particles; under the protection of inert gas, heating to 400-500 ℃ by adopting a temperature programming method, carrying out thermal insulation cracking for 1-3h, and cooling to obtain the biochar.
Specifically, the length of the particles is 2-3cm, the temperature rising speed of the programmed temperature rising is 8-12 ℃/min, and the particles are cooled to room temperature during cooling.
Preferably, the organic matter content of the animal manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying is not less than 60%, and the particle size is not more than 1.5 mm.
Further, the preparation method of the animal manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying comprises the following steps: sterilizing animal feces at 110 deg.C for 20-40min, oven drying at 60-70 deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain animal feces after high temperature sterilization and oven drying.
Preferably, the humic acid or salt thereof is humic acid, potassium humate or sodium humate.
Preferably, the carbonized soybean is a carbonized soybean powder obtained by pulverizing and sieving carbonized soybean, and the particle size of the carbonized soybean powder is not more than 0.75 mm.
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
1) mixing and uniformly stirring animal wastes subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, carbonized soybeans, desulfurized gypsum, humic acid or salt thereof, sodium alginate gel and vermiculite to obtain a primary mixed material;
2) adding wood vinegar into the mixture obtained in the step 1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
3) adding the microbial agent fermentation liquor into the mixture obtained in the step 2), and uniformly stirring to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil.
Example one
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of carbonized soybeans
Taking carbonized soybean, crushing, sieving by a 20-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized soybean powder;
2) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30 parts of cow dung subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, 30 parts of carbonized soybean meal obtained in the step 1), 15 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10 parts of potassium humate, 1 part of sodium alginate gel, 5 parts of wood vinegar, 5 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of microbial agent fermentation liquor;
the microbial agent fermentation liquid is prepared by fermenting bacillus megaterium, and the OD of the microbial agent fermentation liquid600The value is 0.20, the Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium, and the Bacillus megaterium is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 5-month and 9-month 2020 with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 19789;
3) mixing and uniformly stirring cow dung, carbonized soybean meal, desulfurized gypsum, potassium humate, sodium alginate gel and vermiculite which are sterilized and dried at high temperature to obtain a primary mixed material;
4) adding the wood vinegar into the mixture obtained in the step 3), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
5) and (3) adding the microbial agent fermentation liquor into the mixture obtained in the step 4), and uniformly stirring to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil.
Example two
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of carbonized soybeans
Taking carbonized soybean, crushing, sieving by a 20-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized soybean powder;
2) preparation of microbial agent fermentation liquor
Taking a single bacterial colony of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 5-month and 9-month 2020, and has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 19789;
inoculating into 5mL LB liquid medium, shaking culturing at 29 deg.C and 200r/min to OD600The value is 0.22, and seed liquid is obtained; adding 1mL of seed solution into 120mL of LB liquid medium, and shake culturing at 29 deg.C and 200r/min until OD600The value is 0.22, and microbial inoculum fermentation liquor is obtained;
3) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of pig manure sterilized and dried at high temperature, 40 parts of carbonized soybean meal obtained in the step 1), 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 20 parts of sodium humate, 2 parts of sodium alginate gel, 6 parts of wood vinegar, 6 parts of vermiculite and 15 parts of microbial inoculum fermentation liquor obtained in the step 2);
4) mixing and uniformly stirring the pig manure, the carbonized soybean meal, the desulfurized gypsum, the sodium humate, the sodium alginate gel and the vermiculite which are sterilized and dried at high temperature to obtain a primary mixed material;
5) adding the wood vinegar into the mixture obtained in the step 4), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
6) and (3) adding the microbial agent fermentation liquor into the mixture obtained in the step 5), and uniformly stirring to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil.
EXAMPLE III
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of carbonized soybeans
Taking carbonized soybean, crushing, sieving by a 20-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized soybean powder;
2) preparation of microbial agent fermentation liquor
Taking a single bacterial colony of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 5-month and 9-month 2020, and has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 19789;
inoculating into 5mL LB liquid medium, shaking culturing at 28 deg.C and 180r/min to OD600The value is 0.20, and seed liquid is obtained; adding 1mL of seed solution into 100mL of LB liquid culture medium, and shake culturing at 28 deg.C and 180r/min to OD600The value is 0.20, and microbial inoculum fermentation liquor is obtained;
3) pretreatment of animal waste
Taking cow dung, sterilizing at 105 deg.C for 30min, oven drying at 65 deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing, sieving with 10 mesh sieve to obtain cow dung after high temperature sterilization and oven drying;
4) preparation of sodium alginate gel
Mixing biochar and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 1:1, adding distilled water, wherein the amount of the distilled water is 200 times of the total mass of the biochar and the sodium alginate, stirring for 50min at 80 ℃, cooling, dropwise adding a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 3.5% to obtain gel beads, hardening for 24h, taking out, washing with distilled water, and freeze-drying to obtain biochar-sodium alginate gel;
5) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of cow dung subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying obtained in the step 3), 35 parts of carbonized soybean meal obtained in the step 1), 18 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 15 parts of humic acid, 1.5 parts of biochar-sodium alginate gel obtained in the step 4), 5.5 parts of wood vinegar, 5.5 parts of vermiculite and 12 parts of microbial inoculum fermentation liquor obtained in the step 2);
6) mixing and uniformly stirring cow dung, carbonized soybean meal, desulfurized gypsum, humic acid, biochar-sodium alginate gel and vermiculite which are sterilized and dried at high temperature to obtain a primary mixed material;
7) adding the wood vinegar into the mixture obtained in the step 6), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
8) and (3) adding the microbial agent fermentation liquor into the mixture obtained in the step 7), and uniformly stirring to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil.
Example four
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of carbonized soybeans
Taking carbonized soybean, crushing, sieving by a 20-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized soybean powder;
2) preparation of microbial agent fermentation liquor
Taking a single bacterial colony of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 5-month and 9-month 2020, and has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 19789;
inoculating into 5mLLB liquid culture medium, and shake culturing at 27 deg.C and 150r/min to OD600The value is 0.18, and seed liquid is obtained; adding 1mL of seed solution into 80mL of LB liquid medium, and shake culturing at 27 deg.C and 150r/min to OD600The value is 0.18, and microbial inoculum fermentation liquor is obtained;
3) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of horse manure sterilized and dried at high temperature, 30 parts of carbonized soybean meal obtained in the step 1), 16 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 18 parts of mineral potassium humate, 1.8 parts of sodium alginate gel, 5.3 parts of wood vinegar, 5.8 parts of vermiculite and 14 parts of microbial agent fermentation liquor obtained in the step 2);
the organic matter content of the horse manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying is not less than 60%, and the grain size is not more than 1.5 mm;
4) mixing and uniformly stirring the horse manure, the carbonized soybean meal, the desulfurized gypsum, the mineral potassium humate, the sodium alginate gel and the vermiculite which are sterilized and dried at high temperature to obtain a primary mixed material;
5) adding the wood vinegar into the mixture obtained in the step 4), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
6) and (3) adding the microbial agent fermentation liquor into the mixture obtained in the step 5), and uniformly stirring to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil.
EXAMPLE five
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of carbonized soybeans
Taking carbonized soybean, crushing, sieving by a 20-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized soybean powder;
2) preparation of microbial agent fermentation liquor
Taking a single bacterial colony of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 5-month and 9-month 2020, and has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 19789;
inoculating into 5mL LB liquid medium, shaking culturing at 28 deg.C and 180r/min to OD600The value is 0.20, and seed liquid is obtained; adding 1mL of seed solution into 100mL of LB liquid culture medium, and shake culturing at 28 deg.C and 180r/min to OD600The value is 0.20, and microbial inoculum fermentation liquor is obtained;
3) pretreatment of animal waste
Placing sheep manure at 105 deg.C, sterilizing for 30min, oven drying at 65 deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing, sieving with 10 mesh sieve to obtain sheep manure after high temperature sterilization and oven drying;
4) preparation of sodium alginate gel
a. Preparation of biochar
Taking tobacco straws, drying, crushing to obtain 2.5cm small sections, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in a nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 2h, finally keeping an oxygen isolation state, and cooling to room temperature to obtain biochar; grinding the biochar, and sieving the biochar with a 40-mesh sieve for later use;
b. preparation of the gel
B, mixing sodium alginate and the biochar obtained in the step a, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar to the sodium alginate is 1:1, adding distilled water, the using amount of the distilled water is 200 times of the total mass of the biochar and the sodium alginate, stirring for 50min at 80 ℃, cooling, dropwise adding a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 3.5% to obtain gel beads, hardening for 24h, taking out, washing with distilled water, and freeze-drying to obtain biochar-sodium alginate gel;
5) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of cow dung subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying obtained in the step 3), 30 parts of carbonized soybean meal obtained in the step 1), 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10 parts of mineral source potassium humate, 1.2 parts of biochar-sodium alginate gel obtained in the step 4), 5.2 parts of wood vinegar, 5.1 parts of vermiculite and 12 parts of microbial inoculum fermentation liquor obtained in the step 2);
6) mixing and uniformly stirring the sheep manure, the carbonized soybean meal, the desulfurized gypsum, the mineral source humic potassium, the biochar-sodium alginate gel and the vermiculite which are sterilized and dried at high temperature to obtain a primary mixed material;
7) adding the wood vinegar into the mixture obtained in the step 6), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
8) and (3) adding the microbial agent fermentation liquor into the mixture obtained in the step 7), and uniformly stirring to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the coastal saline soil.
Comparative example
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of carbonized soybeans
Taking carbonized soybean, crushing, sieving by a 20-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized soybean powder;
2) pretreatment of animal waste
Placing sheep manure at 105 deg.C, sterilizing for 30min, oven drying at 65 deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing, sieving with 10 mesh sieve to obtain sheep manure after high temperature sterilization and oven drying;
3) preparation of sodium alginate gel
a. Preparation of biochar
Taking tobacco straws, drying, crushing to obtain 2.5cm small sections, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in a nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 2h, finally keeping an oxygen isolation state, and cooling to room temperature to obtain biochar; grinding the biochar, and sieving the biochar with a 40-mesh sieve for later use;
b. preparation of the gel
B, mixing sodium alginate and the biochar obtained in the step a, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar to the sodium alginate is 1:1, adding distilled water, the using amount of the distilled water is 200 times of the total mass of the biochar and the sodium alginate, stirring for 50min at 80 ℃, cooling, dropwise adding a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 3.5% to obtain gel beads, hardening for 24h, taking out, washing with distilled water, and freeze-drying to obtain biochar-sodium alginate gel;
4) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of cow dung subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying obtained in the step 3), 30 parts of carbonized soybean meal obtained in the step 1), 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10 parts of mineral source potassium humate, 1.2 parts of biochar-sodium alginate gel obtained in the step 4), 5.2 parts of wood vinegar and 5.1 parts of vermiculite;
5) mixing and uniformly stirring the sheep manure, the carbonized soybean meal, the desulfurized gypsum, the mineral source humic potassium, the biochar-sodium alginate gel and the vermiculite which are sterilized and dried at high temperature to obtain a primary mixed material;
6) adding the wood vinegar into the mixture obtained in the step 5), and uniformly stirring to obtain a compound fertilizer, namely a control sample II.
Experiment 1
Five parts of the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil obtained in the first to fifth embodiments of the invention, sheep manure (i.e. a first control sample) used in the fifth embodiment after high-temperature sterilization and drying, and a second control sample obtained in the comparative example are respectively used in the saline soil, and wild soybeans are used as planting objects for planting tests. The test site is a modern agricultural test demonstration base for yellow river delta in east-Ying City of Shandong province, and belongs to warm-temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, the annual average precipitation is 537mm, the annual average temperature is 14.5 ℃, the texture of plough layer soil is clay loam, the pH value is 8.35, the organic matter is 0.6g/Kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.51mg/g, the total potassium content is 0.35mg/g, and the conductivity is 565 mu s/cm.
7 zones are set in the test, and the area of each zone is 10m2Fertilizer for each plotThe dosage is 40Kg/hm2Before sowing the wild soybeans, all the base application is carried out at one time, and the soil turning machine turns the soil and evenly turns the soil. And (3) ditching for 18 days 5 and 2020 by using a ditcher, wherein the depth of the ditches is 0.5-0.8 cm, the row spacing is 20cm, then, wild soybean seeds are uniformly scattered in the ditches, the soil is covered by 0.5-1.0 cm, and the same management method is adopted in the later period, wherein the test time is from 18 days 5 and 2020 to 10 days 11 and 2020. After the wild soybeans are mature, randomly taking the area of 1m in each cell2The fresh weight of the wild soybean plants is measured, the wild soybean plants are de-enzymed for 1 hour at 105 ℃, dried to constant weight at 65 ℃, the dry weight of the wild soybean plants and the dry weight of grains are measured, the number of the grains is counted, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of the measurement of the growth Performance of wild soybeans obtained by applying different fertilizers
| Sample name | Plant fresh weight (Kg/mu) | Plant dry weight (Kg/mu) | Kernel dry weight (Kg/mu) | Seed number (thousand grains/mu) |
| Example one | 1130.09 | 890.90 | 108.76 | 7423.48 |
| Example two | 1135.68 | 893.24 | 109.23 | 7455.56 |
| EXAMPLE III | 1150.02 | 931.26 | 112.21 | 7658.96 |
| Example four | 1149.82 | 911.11 | 109.57 | 7478.77 |
| EXAMPLE five | 1239.34 | 980.04 | 118.30 | 7733.36 |
| Comparison sample one | 919.04 | 788.89 | 79.91 | 6013.33 |
| Control 2 | 979.68 | 888.46 | 99.75 | 7045.27 |
As can be seen from table 1, in the process of planting wild soybeans in saline soil, when the compound fertilizer obtained by the method of the present invention is applied, the fresh weight of the wild soybeans is 1130.09-1239.34 Kg/mu, while the fresh weight of the wild soybeans applied with the organic fertilizer, i.e., the wild soybeans applied with the first control sample, is 919.04 Kg/mu, and the fresh weight of the wild soybeans applied with the simple compound fertilizer, i.e., the wild soybeans applied with the second control sample, is 979.68 Kg/mu; therefore, the compound fertilizer obtained by the method can obviously improve the fresh weight of the wild soybean plants in the saline soil. Secondly, when the compound fertilizer obtained by the method is applied, the dry weight of the wild soybeans is 890.90-980.04 Kg/mu, the dry weight of the wild soybeans applied by the organic fertilizer, namely the control sample one, is 788.89 Kg/mu, and the dry weight of the wild soybeans applied by the simple compound fertilizer, namely the control sample two, is 888.46 Kg/mu; therefore, the compound fertilizer obtained by the method can obviously improve the dry weight of the wild soybeans in the saline soil. Meanwhile, when the compound fertilizer obtained by the method is applied, the dry weight of the wild soybeans is 108.76-118.30 Kg/mu, the dry weight of the seeds of the wild soybeans applied with the organic fertilizer, namely the first control sample, is 79.91 Kg/mu, and the dry weight of the seeds of the wild soybeans applied with the simple compound fertilizer, namely the second control sample, is 99.75 Kg/mu; therefore, the compound fertilizer obtained by the method can obviously improve the dry weight of the wild soybean seeds in the saline soil. In addition, when the compound fertilizer obtained by the method is applied, the number of the wild soybeans is 7423.48-7733.36 thousand grains/mu, the number of the wild soybeans applied with the organic fertilizer is 6013.33 thousand grains/mu, and the number of the wild soybeans applied with the simple compound fertilizer is 7045.27 thousand grains/mu; therefore, the compound fertilizer obtained by the method can obviously improve the number of seeds of the wild soybeans in the saline soil, namely the yield of the wild soybeans in the saline soil.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil consists of animal wastes subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, carbonized soybeans, desulfurized gypsum, humic acid or salts thereof, sodium alginate gel, wood vinegar, vermiculite and microbial agent fermentation broth, wherein the raw materials interact with each other, promote each other and supplement each other, the preparation process flow is short, the operation is simple, no special requirement is imposed on equipment, the reaction is mild, the industrialization is easy to realize, and the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil, which has the effects of improving soil nutrition and promoting the growth of wild soybeans, is obtained; the compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil can reduce exchangeable sodium in the soil, improve the soil texture, reduce the pH value of the soil, loosen the soil structure, improve the water retention capacity of the soil, reduce the volatilization of water in the soil, promote the growth of indigenous microorganisms in the soil, increase the nutrient content in the soil, stimulate the growth of wild soybeans, provide necessary carbon sources and nitrogen sources for the growth of the wild soybeans, enhance the nitrogen fixation capacity of the wild soybeans, have a remarkable promoting effect on the growth of the wild soybeans in the coastal saline soil, and can remarkably improve the fresh weight, dry weight and nodule number of plants of the wild soybeans, thereby improving the yield of the wild soybeans.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The compound fertilizer special for the coastal saline soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of animal waste subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, 30-40 parts of carbonized soybean, 15-20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10-20 parts of humic acid or salt thereof, 1-2 parts of sodium alginate gel, 5-6 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 5-6 parts of vermiculite and 10-15 parts of microbial agent fermentation liquor;
the microbial agent fermentation liquid is prepared by fermenting bacillus megaterium, and the OD of the microbial agent fermentation liquid600The value is 0.18-0.22, the Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 5-9.2020, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 19789.
2. The compound fertilizer special for coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the preparation method of the microbial agent fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: get hugeInoculating single colony of Bacillus into LB liquid culture medium, performing shake culture at 27-29 deg.C and rotation speed of 150-600The value is 0.18-0.22, and seed liquid is obtained; adding seed liquid into LB liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 1:80-120, and shake culturing at 27-29 deg.C and 150-600The value is 0.18-0.22, and fermentation liquor is obtained.
3. The compound fertilizer special for coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the sodium alginate gel is biochar-sodium alginate gel, and the preparation method of the biochar-sodium alginate gel comprises the following steps: mixing biochar and sodium alginate, wherein the mass ratio of biochar to sodium alginate is 4-6:5, adding distilled water, the using amount of distilled water is 250 times of the total mass of biochar and sodium alginate, stirring for 40-60min at 75-85 ℃, cooling, dropwise adding calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 3-4%, standing for 20-30h, taking out, washing and drying to obtain the biochar-sodium alginate gel.
4. The compound fertilizer special for coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that:
the preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps: taking straws, drying and crushing to obtain particles; under the protection of inert gas, heating to 400-500 ℃ by adopting a temperature programming method, carrying out thermal insulation cracking for 1-3h, and cooling to obtain the biochar.
5. The compound fertilizer special for coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that:
the length of the particles is 2-3cm, the temperature rising speed of the programmed temperature rising is 8-12 ℃/min, and the particles are cooled to the room temperature during cooling.
6. The compound fertilizer special for coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the organic matter content in the animal waste after high-temperature sterilization and drying is not less than 60%, and the particle size is not more than 1.5 mm.
7. The compound fertilizer special for coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that:
the preparation method of the animal manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying comprises the following steps: sterilizing animal feces at 110 deg.C for 20-40min, oven drying at 60-70 deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain animal feces after high temperature sterilization and oven drying.
8. The compound fertilizer special for coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the humic acid or its salt is humic acid, potassium humate or sodium humate.
9. The compound fertilizer special for coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the carbonized soybean is carbonized soybean powder obtained by crushing and sieving carbonized soybean, and the grain size of the carbonized soybean powder is not more than 0.75 mm.
10. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer special for the saline soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing and uniformly stirring animal wastes subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, carbonized soybeans, desulfurized gypsum, humic acid or salt thereof, sodium alginate gel and vermiculite to obtain a primary mixed material;
2) adding wood vinegar into the mixture obtained in the step 1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
3) adding the microbial agent fermentation liquor into the mixture obtained in the step 2), and uniformly stirring to obtain the compound fertilizer special for the saline soil.
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