CN114891210B - 一种聚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种聚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法,所述聚酰亚胺由二酐单体与二胺单体聚合得到,聚酰亚胺的结构式为其中,A1为二酐单体的反应残基,A2为二胺单体的反应残基,所述二酐单体为化合物A‑C中的一种,所述二胺单体的结构式为本发明所述的聚酰亚胺含有的脂肪族侧链,阻碍了分子链的紧密堆砌,增加其溶解性,同时脂肪族结构破坏了共轭结构,并削弱了主链中的电子络合转移,实现了良好的透明效果,引入的氟元素既能进一步破坏了共轭结构,也提升了热稳定性,可适用于光学透明薄膜、太阳能电池隔膜或电子通讯材料等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工合成领域,尤其是涉及一种聚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
材料一直是人们赖以生存和发展的关键,与信息、能源并称为人类三大文明支柱。在二十世纪理论科学迅猛发展的基础上,一大批为满足各行各业的材料应运而生。开发了一类以聚醚砜、聚醚酮、聚苯硫醚和聚酰亚胺等为代表的的高分子材料。其中聚酰亚胺由于优异的综合性能及加工的多途性,从众多材料中脱颖而出。成为最早工业化及应用范围最广的高分子材料。目前聚酰亚胺已经广泛应用于薄膜、微电子、电器、显示、纤维、泡沫等众多领域。
但是,聚酰亚胺仍然存在着众多挑战,主要体现在加工性、透光性及介电常数等方面,严重限制其实际应用。相比于传统芳香族聚酰亚胺,如今许多研究机构更加专注于芳香族聚酰亚胺,在同样拥有较高的热稳定性的同时,还具有更加优异的透光性能及低介电常数,这是由于脂肪族结构很好的阻隔了主链间的电子络合转移。因此,开发一种综合性能优异的脂肪族聚酰亚胺具有很好的应用前景。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明旨在提出一种聚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法,以改善聚酰亚胺的热稳定性及透光性。
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种聚酰亚胺,所述聚酰亚胺由二酐单体与二胺单体聚合得到,聚酰亚胺的结构式为
其中,A1为二酐单体的反应残基,A2为二胺单体的反应残基,所述二酐单体为化合物A-C中的一种,
所述二胺单体的结构式为
优选地,所述二酐单体为化合物A。
上述聚酰亚胺的结构既含有氟元素,又具有脂肪族结构,使其同时具有优异的热稳定性及良好的透光性能,经检测聚酰亚胺的Td10%≧450℃,在550nm下透光率≧91%,适用于光学透明薄膜、太阳能电池隔膜或电子通讯材料等领域。
进一步地,所述二胺单体为化合物A:1,1-双(4-氨基苯基)环己烷(BAC),其制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:在惰性气体保护下,将苯胺与乙醇混合,降温至20℃以下,滴加35%的盐酸,并保持在15℃温度,体系中逐渐有白色固体析出,待不再析出后,过滤得到白色固体,利用洗涤溶剂洗涤、过滤、干燥,得到苯胺盐酸盐;优选地,洗涤溶剂为乙醇或甲基叔丁基醚;
S2:将苯胺盐酸盐与苯胺混合升温至120-140℃,完全溶解后,滴加环己酮,继续保温回流反应6-12h,加入萃取剂萃取、浓缩得到二胺单体粗品,将二胺单体粗品利用结晶溶剂重结晶,得到BAC;优选地,萃取剂为乙酸乙酯;优选地,结晶溶剂为甲苯、邻二甲苯或邻二氯苯。
如上所述的聚酰亚胺的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将二酐单体及有机溶剂混合溶解后,在0-25℃温度下,在惰性气体保护下,加入二胺单体,保温反应8-24h,得到反应液;优选地,二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为1-1.05:1;
S2:向反应液中加入脱水剂及催化剂,继续反应8-12h至反应完全后,与质子溶剂混合,过滤分离出固体,利用质子溶剂洗涤,在120-200℃温度下干燥,得到所需聚酰亚胺;优选地,质子溶剂为乙醇。
进一步地,步骤S1中反应温度为10-20℃。
进一步地,步骤S1中有机溶剂为N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、氯仿、甲苯酚中的一种或多种。
进一步地,步骤S2中脱水剂为乙酸酐、丙酸酐、苯甲酸酐中的一种或多种。
进一步地,步骤S2中催化剂为吡啶、三乙胺、甲基吡啶或喹啉中的一种或多种。
进一步地,步骤S2中反应温度为100-150℃。
一种聚酰亚胺薄膜,由如上所述的聚酰亚胺或如上所述的制备方法制得的聚酰亚胺制得。
一种如上所述的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将聚酰亚胺与有机溶剂混合得到铸膜液,将铸膜液倒入铸模板,固定成膜、高温热处理后,得到所需聚酰亚胺薄膜;优选地,高温热处理温度为120-200℃。
相对于现有技术,本发明所述的聚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法具有以下优势:
本发明所述的聚酰亚胺含有的脂肪族侧链,阻碍了分子链的紧密堆砌,增加其溶解性,同时脂肪族结构破坏了共轭结构,并削弱了主链中的电子络合转移,实现了良好的透明效果,引入的氟元素既能进一步破坏了共轭结构,也提升了热稳定性,可适用于光学透明薄膜、太阳能电池隔膜或电子通讯材料等领域。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明实施例1制得的聚酰亚胺薄膜的接触角示意图;
图2为本发明实施例2制得的聚酰亚胺薄膜的接触角示意图;
图3为本发明实施例3制得的聚酰亚胺薄膜的接触角示意图;
图4为本发明BAC制备例制得的BAC的HPLC检测结果示意图。
具体实施方式
除有定义外,以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂,如无特殊说明,均为常规生化试剂;所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例及附图来详细说明本发明。
BAC制备例
(一)苯胺盐酸盐的制备
称取2500g苯胺加到10L三口烧瓶中,加入4500mL乙醇搅拌均匀后,将温度降低至15℃,缓慢向反应液中滴加3500g质量分数为35%的盐酸,控制温度不高于15℃,随着盐酸的滴加,反应体系中逐渐有白色固体析出。滴加完毕后,继续反应2h,将其过滤得到的固体,利用3000mL乙醇及甲基叔丁基醚各洗涤3次,之后在60℃下真空干燥12h得到3100g苯胺盐酸盐。
(二)BAC的合成
在5L的三口烧瓶中加入1000g苯胺盐酸盐,加入360g苯胺后,将温度升至130℃,此时反应体系中固体逐步溶解成为溶液。此时开始滴加187.5g环己酮,加入完毕后,保温反应6h。降温后加入500mL乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩后得到粗品。利用1000ml甲苯重结晶,过滤,在100℃真空干燥12h,得到精制干品457.35g,摩尔收率为90%,纯度99.7%的BAC,其HPLC检测结果如图4所示。
以BAC制备例制得的BAC为原料,进行如下制备聚酰亚胺薄膜的实施例1-3。
实施例1
(一)聚酰亚胺的合成
将10g的6FDA加入到135g的DMAC中,搅拌溶解后,将6g BAC加入反应液中,在25℃下反应12h。将4g吡啶和13.5g乙酸酐加入到反应液中,反应体系逐渐变得粘稠,继续反应8h。将反应液倒入600mL乙醇中,有大量白色丝状固体析出,过滤后再利用乙醇洗涤12h。洗涤后的聚酰亚胺150℃真空干燥24h,即得到BAC基聚酰亚胺,14g,记为PI-1。
(二)透明聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备
取0.5g的PI-1溶于7mL的DMAC中,超声脱泡后,均匀涂抹在聚四氟乙烯板上,放置烘箱中60℃干燥8h,定型后脱落,再150℃真空干燥24h,得到PI-1的透明聚酰亚胺薄膜。
实施例2
(一)聚酰亚胺的合成
与实施例1区别在于,步骤(一)中6FDA替换为TA-TFMB,吡啶替换为三乙胺,得到聚酰亚胺,记为PI-2,其他步骤与实施例1同。
(二)透明聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备
与实施例1区别在于,步骤(二)中DMAc替换为NMP,得到PI-2的透明聚酰亚胺薄膜,其他步骤与实施例1同。
实施例3
(一)聚酰亚胺的合成
与实施例1的区别在于,步骤(一)中6FDA替换为BPADA,乙酸酐替换为丙酸酐,得到聚酰亚胺,记为PI-3,其他步骤与实施例1相同。
(二)透明聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备
与实施例1的区别在于,步骤(二)中DMAc替换为DMF,得到PI-3的透明聚酰亚胺薄膜,其他步骤与实施例1相同。
性能测试
将实施例1-3制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜分别进行热性能、加工性能及光性能测试,检测方法如下:
(1)分解10%的温度(Td10%)
热重分析仪(TGA Q500)测试气氛为氮气,气体流量为40mL/min,测试温度范围为50℃~800℃,升温速率10℃/min。
(2)透光率
聚酰亚胺薄膜可见光透光率利用紫外-可见光分光光度计(Varian公司,型号Cary100)测得。
(3)疏水性
聚酰亚胺薄膜亲疏水性利用接触角测试仪(承德优特仪器有限公司,型号JY-PHA)测得。
(4)加工性能
取0.2g聚酰亚胺薄膜样品室温下加入2g常见溶剂,搅拌1h,观察是否溶解。(常见溶剂为DMAC、DMF、NMP、丙酮、氯仿及四氢呋喃)。
上述测试结果如表1及图1-3所示。
表1性能测试结果
从表1中可以看出,本发明制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜在波长550nm出,透光率≧90%,同时分解温度≧440℃,这是由于聚酰亚胺分子链中含有脂肪族结构及氟元素,很有效的阻碍了共轭效应,降低了分子链间的电子络合转移。同时,由于BAC含有较大的侧链,阻碍了分子链的紧密堆砌,得到具有良好的加工性,其中PI-1及PI-3完全溶解于上述常见溶剂;PI-2未溶解四氢呋喃,但是溶于其他溶剂。说明本发明制备的聚酰亚胺具备了在透光聚酰亚胺领域应用的基础,可适用于光学透明薄膜、太阳能电池隔膜或电子通讯材料等领域。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种聚酰亚胺的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚酰亚胺由二酐单体与二胺单体聚合得到,聚酰亚胺的结构式为,
其中,A1为二酐单体的反应残基,A2为二胺单体的反应残基,所述二酐单体为,
所述二胺单体的结构式为,
所述二胺单体的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:在惰性气体保护下,将苯胺与乙醇混合,控制反应温度为10-20℃,滴加盐酸,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到苯胺盐酸盐;
S2:将苯胺盐酸盐与苯胺混合,滴加环己酮,回流反应,反应温度为100-150℃,萃取、浓缩、通过甲苯重结晶得到所需二胺单体,
所述的聚酰亚胺的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:在惰性气体保护下,将二酐单体、二胺单体及有机溶剂混合反应,反应温度为25℃,得到反应液;
S2:向反应液中加入脱水剂及催化剂,催化剂为吡啶、三乙胺中的一种,反应完全后,与质子溶剂混合,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到所需聚酰亚胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:聚酰亚胺的制备方法的步骤S1中有机溶剂为N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、氯仿、甲苯酚中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:聚酰亚胺的制备方法的步骤S2中脱水剂为乙酸酐、丙酸酐、苯甲酸酐中的一种或多种。
4.一种聚酰亚胺薄膜,由权利要求1-3任一所述的制备方法制得的聚酰亚胺制得。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将聚酰亚胺与有机溶剂混合得到铸膜液,将铸膜液倒入铸模板,固定成膜、高温热处理后,得到所需聚酰亚胺薄膜。
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