CN114887631B - 一种溶剂热法制备混合形貌1T-2H MoS2的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种溶剂热法制备混合形貌1T-2H MoS2的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114887631B CN114887631B CN202210482326.7A CN202210482326A CN114887631B CN 114887631 B CN114887631 B CN 114887631B CN 202210482326 A CN202210482326 A CN 202210482326A CN 114887631 B CN114887631 B CN 114887631B
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- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPDAVTSOEQEGMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dihydroanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 WPDAVTSOEQEGMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N [(e)-prop-1-enyl]benzene Chemical compound C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAHIMVFWYADCJJ-QHHAFSJGSA-N [(e)-prop-1-enyl]cyclohexane Chemical compound C\C=C\C1CCCCC1 IAHIMVFWYADCJJ-QHHAFSJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HXELDDLUAGVKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N]=O.[S] Chemical compound [N]=O.[S] HXELDDLUAGVKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N carbon disulfide-14c Chemical compound S=[14C]=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclohexane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCC1 LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[K+].[K+] DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 residuum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 14
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H azane;dihydroxy(dioxo)molybdenum;trioxomolybdenum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种一步溶剂热法制备球管混合形貌钼基纳米催化剂、制备方法及应用。将钼源和硫源加入到去离子水中,超声分散5~15min,得到均匀溶液A;将金属活性相促进剂加入到去离子水中,超声分散5~15min,得到均匀溶液B;将溶液B加入到溶液A中,然后加入一定量的分散剂,得到乳白色悬浊液或透明粉红色溶液,超声分散10min,得到溶液C;将溶液C转移到微型高压反应釜中密封,设置升温速率、反应温度和反应时间,然后进行溶剂热反应;用无水乙醇和水的混合液洗涤并离心,重复操作3次,固体产物在真空干燥箱中60℃下干燥10h,得到具有球管混合形貌钼基纳米催化剂。本发明通过一步溶剂热法制备出形貌分布均匀的催化剂,该方法具有制备过程简便和反应条件温和且易于调控的优势,在催化加氢脱硫等领域表现出优异的催化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种一步溶剂热法制备自组装纳米管和纳米花球混合形貌的稳定1T-2H MoS2的制备方法及应用,属于催化能源领域。
背景技术
近几十年来,过渡金属二硫化物由于其不同寻常的物理化学性质,引发了人们的强烈研究兴趣,并在液态有机物储氢、锂离子电池负极材料、电化学应用和油品加氢脱硫等催化方面得到了大量应用。二硫化钼(MoS2)因其高加氢活性和抗硫性,早在20世纪30年代就被用于煤的加氢裂化。实验和理论研究均表明,MoS2的加氢脱硫活性与其有效的活性边缘位置(即悬挂键)的数量和面内结构上的缺陷位置相关。然而,在不适当的制备条件下,大量的MoS2片层被堆叠形成大的催化剂颗粒,导致催化剂中的活性中心减少。为了解决这一问题,有必要通过合理设计和合成不同复杂混合形貌的催化剂以及减小MoS2的尺寸,将非活性基面转化为活性边缘位。到目前为止,有报道称,MoS2簇、纳米花、纳米棒、纳米管和空心球结构的合成是提高MoS2催化活性的一种策略。其次,MoS2主要有三种晶相结构,分别为1T金属态、2H半导体态和3R金属态。天然的MoS2为热力学稳定的2H相,通过化学方法或物理方法将2H相转化为1T相改善活性相结构和极大地提高材料的导电性能,这有望替代电化学中昂贵的Pt或Pt基材料。实际上,具有混合形貌的元素掺杂的1T-2H MoS2的简易合成过程及其在不同领域的催化性能仍有待探索。本专利制备出了球管混合形貌且大小均一的钼基纳米催化剂。该方法制备过程简便、反应条件温和且易于调控,所合成的混合形貌的催化剂具有极好的催化性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种一步溶剂热法制备自组装纳米管和纳米花球混合形貌的稳定1T-2H MoS2的制备方法。该方法制备的催化剂具有球管混合形貌,且催化剂由均匀的纳米片自组装而成,该方法不仅制备过程简便,而且反应条件温和且易于调控,根据不同的反应条件可以合成出不同形貌或其组合的催化剂。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所阐述的通过一种一步溶剂热法制备自组装纳米球管混合形貌的稳定1T-2H MoS2的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将钼源和硫源加入到去离子水中,超声分散至溶解,得到均匀溶液A;
(2)将金属活性相促进剂加入到去离子水中,超声分散至溶解,得到均匀溶液B;
(3)将溶液B转移到溶液A中,添加分散剂后得到粉红色透明溶液或乳白色悬浊液,超声分散至溶解,得到混合溶液C;
(4)溶液C进行溶剂热反应;
(5)反应结束后,冷却至室温,将反应产物超声数分钟后离心分离得到下层黑色固体,利用水和无水乙醇混合液重复洗涤3次;
(6)洗涤后的黑色固体在60℃下真空干燥10h,即得到具有球管混合形貌钼基纳米催化剂;
优选地,步骤(1)中所述钼源为钼酸铵、钼酸钠、磷钼酸、钼酸钾中的一种或几种;所述硫源为二硫化碳、单质硫、硫化钠、硫代硫酸钠、硫化钾、硫脲、硫化铵中的一种或几种。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述金属活性相促进剂为硝酸镍、硫酸镍、氯化镍、硝酸钴、硫酸钴、氯化钴、硝酸铁、硫酸铁、氯化铁、硝酸锰、硫酸锰、氯化锰、硝酸铬、硫酸铬、钒酸盐中的一种或几种。
优选地,步骤(3)中所述分散剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、甘油、草酸、乙醇胺、2-氨基乙醇中的一种或多种的组合。
优选地,步骤(1)和步骤(2)中所述钼源、金属活性相促进剂和硫源的摩尔质量比为1:(0.47~9.8):(2~15)。
优选地,步骤(1)(2)(3)中所述去离子水和分散剂的体积之和为60ml。
优选地,步骤(4)中所述的溶剂热反应温度为200~300℃,反应时间为10~48h。
本发明第二方面提供一种所述的自组装纳米球管混合形貌的稳定1T-2H MoS2用于含硫化合物复杂混合体系的催化加氢脱硫、不同电解质体系的电催化析氢、环烷烃及其杂原子衍生物的脱氢以及中低温水煤气变换加氢的催化。
优选地,所述含硫化合物复杂混合体系为硫醇类、噻吩类、苯并噻吩类、二苯并噻吩类、汽油、柴油、蜡油、渣油、原油、催化油浆、煤焦油、生物质等的一种或多种。
优选地,所述电解质体系为硫酸、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硝酸钙、硝酸钠等的一种。
优选地,所述的环烷烃为十氢萘类、四氢萘类、或环己烷类的一种或多种,环烷烃的杂原子衍生物为部分骨架碳原子被杂原子硫氮氧所取代的十氢萘类、四氢萘类、或环己烷类的一种或多种。
优选地,所述的中低温为100~450℃,水煤气变换加氢化合物为萘、四氢萘、蒽、9,10-二氢蒽、苯乙烯、反式二苯乙烯、乙烯环己烷、乙烯基苯、丙烯基环己烷、丙烯基苯、汽油、柴油、蜡油、渣油、原油、催化油浆、乙烯焦油、苯乙烯焦油、煤焦油、重油、生物质油等的一种或多种。
与现有技术相比,本发明所述的球管混合形貌钼基纳米催化剂具有以下优势:
(1)该方法通过一步溶剂热法合成了自组装纳米管和纳米花球混合形貌的稳定类,该方法中原料廉价易得,制备成本低,制备过程简单,反应条件温和,安全系数高,反应产物均一。
(2)该方法制备的催化剂中的球管混合形貌均由超薄纳米片自组装而成,极大地提高了催化剂的比表面积(如图8所示),这有利于催化剂与含硫化合物充分接触,从而提升催化剂的动力学性能。
(3)该方法制备的混合形貌催化剂中孔径分布(如图9所示)存在显著的不同,多层次结构间的组合有利于不同分子大小的含硫化合物的脱除。
(4)该方法制备的混合形貌催化剂中含有大量的高活性1T相结构MoS2,这有利于催化剂活性位点的增多,从而进一步提高催化剂的加氢脱硫性能。此外,这种混合形貌结合高活性相态的组合在电化学析氢反应中表现出了极好的性能。
(5)该方法制备的催化剂中不同形貌之间的协同效应在脱氢反应和水煤气变换反应中具有优异的催化性能。
附图说明
图1为实施例1产物在10.0k倍率下的SEM图;
图2为实施例1产物在40.0k倍率下的TEM图;
图3为对比例1产物在10.0k倍率下的SEM图;
图4为对比例2产物在10.0k倍率下的SEM图;
图5为对比例3产物在10.0k倍率下的SEM图;
图6为实施例1与对比例3样品的X射线衍射图谱;
图7为实施例1和对比例3的极化曲线;
图8为实施例1、对比例2和对比例3的N2吸脱附曲线及BET表面积;
图9为实施例1、对比例2和对比例3的孔径分布曲线。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的描述,进一步阐述本发明所合成催化剂的特点及优势。
实施例1
(1)称取0.741g四水合钼酸铵((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O)和2.234g硫脲(CH4N2S)加入到20ml去离子水中,超声分散15min,得到均匀的溶液A;
(2)称取0.5238g硝酸钴加入到10ml去离子水中,超声分散5min,得到均匀的溶液B;
(3)将混合溶液B的加入到溶液A中,加入30ml正丙醇和乙醇的混合液,(其中5mL正丙醇,25mL乙醇)得到乳白色悬浊液,超声分散10min,得到溶液C;
(4)将溶液C转移到微型高压反应釜中、密封,设置升温速率为5℃·min-1,反应温度为210℃,反应时间为11h,然后进行溶剂热反应;
(5)反应结束后,将反应釜自然冷却至室温,将反应后的体系转移到烧杯中超声5min,然后以10000rpm离心10min,得到下层黑色物质,然后将黑色物质以水和无水乙醇混合液洗涤并离心处理,重复上述操作3次;
(6)洗涤后的黑色物质在真空干燥箱中60℃下干燥10h得到目标产物钴掺杂的二硫化钼粉末。
图1为本实施例产物在10.0k倍率下的SEM图,本实施例制备的催化剂具有纳米球和纳米管的混合形貌,颗粒尺寸大小均一,且催化剂均由纳米片自组装形成。
图2为本实施例产物在40.0k倍率下的TEM图,分析结果进一步表明,本实施例中所合成的催化剂中的球管两种形貌均由超薄的纳米片自组装而成,纳米花球的平均粒径大小在450nm左右,纳米管的平均直径和平均长度大约为320nm和2.3μm。
对比例1
与实施例1相似,不同之处在于反应条件为反应温度为180℃。图3为本对比例产物在10.0k倍率下的SEM图,本对比例制备的催化剂片层堆积严重,为尺寸大小不均一的块状结构。
对比例2
与实施例1相似,不同之处在于反应条件为反应时间为7h。图4为本对比例产物在10.0k倍率下的SEM图,本对比例制备的催化剂具有球棒的混合形貌,两种形貌均由纳米片自组装形成,且纳米片堆积较为严重。
对比例3
与实施例1相似,不同之处在于未添加分散剂。图5为本对比例产物在10.0k倍率下的SEM图,本对比例制备的催化剂为纳米片自组装的花球结构,纳米花的平均尺寸在4-5μm左右,少量的纳米片堆积成块状颗粒。
图6为本对比例与实施例1产物的X射线衍射图谱,分析结果显示,实施例1所合成的催化剂中MoS2主要以高活性的1T相态存在,本对比例所合成的催化剂中MoS2主要以低活性的2H相态存在,分散剂的加入显著促进了MoS2从2H到1T相态的转化,使催化剂粒径显著变小。
催化加氢脱硫性能测试:
取50mg所合成催化剂加入到含硫化合物(1wt%)的十氢萘溶液中进行催化加氢脱硫性能评价,测试条件为初始氢压4MPa H2,反应温度300℃,反应时间4h下,对二苯并噻吩的脱硫转化率如表1所示。
表1
催化剂 | 实施例1 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 |
转化率二苯并噻吩(%) | 94.6 | 63.3 | 81.3 | 67.5 |
脱硫循环稳定性测试:
对实施例1中的催化剂样品进行了5个循环的稳定性测试,结果如表2所示。
表2
从表1和表2的测试结果可以看出,所合成的催化剂在五个循环中对二苯并噻吩的转化率保持在94%左右,可以得出,本发明制备的球管混合形貌的钼基纳米催化剂不仅具有较高的加氢脱硫活性,而且具有优异的循环稳定性。
电解水析氢催化活性评价:
使用石墨棒作为对电极,所合成样品改性的玻璃碳(GC)作为工作电极,线性扫描伏安法(LSV)在电解质溶液中以5mV/s的扫描速率进行。其中,极化曲线如图7所示,相应地Tafel斜率如表3所示。Tafel斜率的大小反应析氢过程的机理和动力学,斜率越小,材料的性能越好,实施例1的析氢性能略低于性能优异的贵金属铂。
表3
催化脱氢性能测试:
催化脱氢反应在微型固定床反应装置上进行,乙基环己烷以0.2ml/min的液相速率连续进样气化,将100mg催化剂填充在反应管中,300℃连续反应15h后取样分析,反应物的转化率、选择性以及产氢速率如表4所示。
表4
催化剂 | 实施例1 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 |
转化率乙基环己烷(%) | 86.3 | 72.1 | 80.2 | 70.2 |
选择性乙基苯 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
产氢速率(mmol) | 116 | 101 | 112 | 95 |
注:产氢速率为单位时间内单位催化剂(g-1·h-1)
水煤气变换加氢催化活性测试:
水煤气变换加氢反应在微型反应釜中进行,反应体系为苯乙烯(1wt%)的正庚烷溶液,釜内充入1MPa一氧化碳,将100mg催化剂和5mL水加入到反应体系中,300℃下连续反应5h,反应结束后CO2的收率和苯乙烯的烯烃饱和转化率如表5所示。
表5
催化剂 | 实施例1 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 |
收率二氧化碳(%) | 95.4 | 85.2 | 91.8 | 82.3 |
转化率苯乙烯(%) | 78.9 | 52.6 | 66.1 | 43.3 |
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种一步溶剂热法制备自组装纳米球管混合形貌的稳定1T-2H MoS2的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将钼源和硫源加入到去离子水中,超声分散至溶解,得到均匀溶液A;
(2)将金属活性相促进剂加入到去离子水中,超声分散至溶解,得到均匀溶液B;所述金属活性相促进剂为硝酸镍、硫酸镍、氯化镍、硝酸钴、硫酸钴、氯化钴、硝酸铁、硫酸铁、氯化铁、硝酸锰、硫酸锰、氯化锰、硝酸铬、硫酸铬、钒酸盐中的一种或几种;
(3)将溶液B转移到溶液A中,添加分散剂后得到粉红色透明溶液或乳白色悬浊液,超声分散至溶解,得到混合溶液C;所述分散剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、甘油、草酸、乙醇胺、2-氨基乙醇中的一种或多种的组合;
(4)溶液C进行溶剂热反应,溶剂热反应温度为200~300℃,反应时间为10~48h;
(5)反应结束后,冷却至室温,将反应产物超声数分钟后离心分离得到下层黑色固体,利用水和无水乙醇混合液重复洗涤3次;
(6)洗涤后的黑色固体在60℃下真空干燥10h,即得到具有球管混合形貌钼基纳米催化剂;
步骤(1)和步骤(2)中所述钼源、金属活性相促进剂和硫源的摩尔比为1:(0.47~9.8):(2~15),步骤(1)(2)(3)中所述去离子水和分散剂的体积之和为60ml,该总体积与钼源质量之比为60ml:(0.5~1)g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种一步溶剂热法制备自组装纳米球管混合形貌的稳定1T-2H MoS2的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述钼源为钼酸铵、钼酸钠、磷钼酸、钼酸钾中的一种或几种;所述硫源为二硫化碳、单质硫、硫化钠、硫代硫酸钠、硫化钾、硫脲、硫化铵中的一种或几种。
3.一种权利要求1-2任一项所述的制备方法制备的自组装纳米球管球混合形貌的稳定1T-2H MoS2的用途,其特征在于,用于含硫化合物复杂混合体系的催化加氢脱硫、不同电解质体系的电催化析氢、环烷烃及其杂原子衍生物的脱氢、以及中低温水煤气变换加氢的催化。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于,所述含硫化合物复杂混合体系为硫醇类、噻吩类、苯并噻吩类、二苯并噻吩类、汽油、柴油、蜡油、渣油、原油、催化油浆、煤焦油、生物质中的一种或多种;所述电解质体系为硫酸、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硝酸钙、硝酸钠中的一种;所述环烷烃为十氢萘类、四氢萘类、或环己烷类的一种或多种,环烷烃的杂原子衍生物为部分骨架碳原子被杂原子硫氮氧所取代的十氢萘类、四氢萘类、或环己烷类的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于,所述中低温水煤气变换加氢的中低温为100~450℃,水煤气变换加氢化合物为萘、四氢萘、蒽、9,10-二氢蒽、苯乙烯、反式二苯乙烯、乙烯环己烷、乙烯基苯、丙烯基环己烷、丙烯基苯、汽油、柴油、蜡油、渣油、原油、催化油浆、乙烯焦油、苯乙烯焦油、煤焦油、重油、生物质油中的一种或多种。
6.一种权利要求1-2任一项所述的制备方法制备的自组装纳米球管混合形貌的稳定1T-2H MoS2。
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