CN114886058A - 一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法。该饲料添加剂以质量百分比计,包括以下组分:小檗碱0.2~2.5%、白藜芦醇3.5~15.0%、α‑硫辛酸1.0~9.5%、姜黄素2.5~9.0%、槲皮素3.0~12.0%、虾青素2.0~10.0%、维生素E 0.5~2.5%,其余为载体填充物。将上述各组分充分混合均匀后超微粉碎,过100~120目筛,即制成粉状的青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂,该添加剂在青鱼饲料中的添加量为0.5~2.5%。本发明能够防治鱼类脂代谢障碍和脂肪的过度沉积,促进脂类分解代谢,减少肝脏脂肪的积累,保护肝胆健康,且可有效地清除青鱼体内自由基,提高机体的抗氧化能力、免疫力和抗应激能力,促进青鱼生长,进而提高青鱼养殖的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水产饲料添加剂技术领域,具体涉及一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus Richardson),又名青鲩、黑鲩、乌青、螺蛳青,是我国传统养殖的四大家鱼之一,属于肉食性鱼类,具有生长快、产量高、肉味鲜美和营养丰富等特点,深受广大养殖业者和消费者欢迎。据《2021中国渔业统计年鉴》报道,我国青鱼养殖年产量为69.45万吨,青鱼作为一种优质淡水鱼,其养殖产量还有逐年上升的趋势。但在集约化的养殖生产中,使用人工配合饲料养殖的青鱼,脂肪沉积导致肥胖、脂肪肝等问题日益突出。尽管鱼类脂肪肝的成因较复杂,但这种营养性脂肪肝在生产实践中所占的比重较大,脂肪过度沉积导致鱼体脂代谢障碍与紊乱,这类鱼不仅生长缓慢,饲料系数高,而且抗病、抗应激能力下降,死亡率升高,给渔业生产造成了巨大的经济损失。
目前青鱼的上述养殖现状可能与高脂低蛋白质饲料在水产养殖中的广泛使用有关,这虽然在一定程度上有利于脂肪对蛋白质的节约效应,提高饲料利用率,减少氮排放,降低饲料成本。然而,鱼类对脂肪需求与利用能力受其生理条件的限制,饲料中过高脂肪会在鱼体内沉积,引起肥胖和营养性脂肪肝,导致鱼类脂代谢紊乱与失衡。鱼类肝脏通常是脂肪沉积的主要部位之一,但其作为代谢和解毒的重要器官,肝脂过量累积伴随脂毒性的增加,往往导致鱼类肝功能受损、代谢抑制、生长受阻、免疫力和抗应激能力下降,对病害的易感性和死亡率增加;同时,也降低了鱼肉的品质和风味,影响产品的销售,严重制约了青鱼养殖业的健康可持续发展。因此,针对上述问题提出一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
发明内容
根据申请人实验室多年的研究结果,发现鱼类脂肪沉积除了与环境、遗传品质有关外,脂类降解与合成的失衡,特别是脂类降解过程受阻是造成脂肪沉积的根本原因。腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)广泛存在于真核细胞中,被称为细胞“营养与能量感受器”,对机体能量代谢平衡起重要的调节作用。研究发现,AMPK通路的激活可使机体分解代谢增强,合成代谢减弱,减少脂质沉积,促进脂肪酸氧化和线粒体生物合成,因此AMPK已成为营养性脂肪肝和肥胖等代谢性疾病防治的新靶点。本发明的目的在于通过筛选出青鱼AMPK信号通路的天然产物激活剂:小檗碱、白藜芦醇、α-硫辛酸、姜黄素、槲皮素、虾青素和维生素E,并进行科学配伍,形成一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法,从而促进鱼体脂类分解代谢,降低脂肪积累和氧化应激,防治脂肪肝的发生,促进青鱼的健康生长。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂,以质量百分比计,包括以下组分:小檗碱0.2~2.5%、白藜芦醇3.5~15.0%、α-硫辛酸1.0~9.5%、姜黄素2.5~9.0%、槲皮素3.0~12.0%、虾青素2.0~10.0%、维生素E 0.5~2.5%,其余为载体填充物。
所述的载体填充物选自玉米蛋白粉、脱脂米糠、麸皮或小麦粉。
所述的小檗碱(纯度≥98%)又称黄连素,是从黄连、黄柏等中药材中提取出来的异喹啉生物碱,具有抗菌、抗病毒、降血脂和改善胰岛素抵抗等多种功效。研究发现,小檗碱通过激活AMPK信号通路,促进脂类分解,抑制胆固醇和甘油三酯的合成,减少体脂的沉积,改善脂肪肝症状和氧化应激等。另外,小檗碱来源广、成本低、副作用小、易被吸收,是一种很有潜力的用于调控脂类代谢的物质。
所述的白藜芦醇(纯度≥99%)是一种含有芪类结构的多酚化合物,具有抗菌消炎、抗氧化、降脂和提高机体免疫力等功能。白藜芦醇通过激活AMPK通路,调节高脂饮食诱导大鼠模型的脂代谢紊乱,促进脂肪酸的氧化分解(Shang等,2008);在小鼠肝脏脂质积累模型中,白藜芦醇的处理可以显著降低血清中甘油三酯和胆固醇的水平,抑制肝脏脂类的积累,而这种效应是通过激活AMPK通路实现的(Gao和Liu,2013)。
所述的α-硫辛酸(纯度≥99%)被誉为“万能抗氧化剂”,也是与线粒体代谢相关的一个辅酶。α-硫辛酸通过对中枢及外周组织AMPK不同的调节作用调节能量代谢,其通过抑制下丘脑AMPK水平减少摄食;在外周组织中,α-硫辛酸可以激活肝脏中AMPK抑制脂质沉积,还可以激活脂肪组织中AMPK,部分改善胰岛素抵抗症状。
所述的姜黄素(纯度≥95%)是从姜科姜黄属植物根茎中提取的酚类活性物质,具有抗菌消炎、抗氧化、清除自由基、促进消化、增强免疫功能以及降低肝脏脂肪积累、防止脂肪肝等作用。姜黄素通过激活AMPK信号通路,可显著降低高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠体重、血清和肝脏中胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量,抑制脂肪肝的形成。
所述的槲皮素(纯度≥95%)是一种广泛存在于多种植物的花、叶和果实中黄酮类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗感染和抗肿瘤等多种生物活性作用。槲皮素通过激活AMPK通路,可以减轻氧化应激,改善高脂饮食引起肥胖,减少脂肪组织巨噬细胞浸润和炎症因子的表达,抑制脂肪的生成作用。
所述的虾青素(从雨生红球藻中提取的暗红色粉末,含5%虾青素)又名虾黄质、虾黄素或虾红素,是一种脂溶性类胡萝卜素,其在藻类、水生动物、酵母和细菌等生物中广泛存在,具有极强的抗氧化活性、降脂、提高机体免疫和抗肿瘤等功能。虾青素对高脂饲养鱼类脂代谢的调节作用与AMPK通路的激活有关,可降低鱼体脂肪沉积及炎症反应,改善养殖鱼类肌肉品质和健康。
所述的维生素E(50%含量DL-α-生育酚醋酸酯)又称生育酚,是一种脂溶性维生素,也是最主要的抗氧化剂之一,为动物生长和维持正常生理机能所必需的重要营养物质。其不仅具有调节脂肪代谢的作用,还可防止脂肪在肝脏中积累或发生组织病变,增强机体的免疫力和抗氧化能力,同时能降低饲料消耗,提高动物生产力,改善肌肉品质等。维生素E对动物脂代谢的调控作用与AMPK信号通路的激活相关。
一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配比的质量百分数,通过专用电子秤分别准确称量:小檗碱0.2~2.5%、白藜芦醇3.5~15.0%、α-硫辛酸1.0~9.5%、姜黄素2.5~9.0%、槲皮素3.0~12.0%、虾青素2.0~10.0%、维生素E 0.5~2.5%及载体的用量;载体选自玉米蛋白粉、脱脂米糠、麸皮或小麦粉。
(2)将上述除载体外的各组分分别与等质量载体初步混匀,然后再次与等质量载体混合均匀;接着将所有物料放入小型混合机中进行充分混合均匀,然后用超微粉碎机进行粉碎,使粉碎后的所有物料全部通过100~120目筛网,再次混合均匀后,即可得到青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中,混合机混合物料的混合时间为3~8分钟/次,且混合机转速为18-32转/分。
上述青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂,在青鱼饲料中的质量添加量为0.5%-2.5%,一般预防用量为1.0%即可。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
1、本发明基于最新的研究理论和实践,从鱼体脂代谢的调控机理出发,明确调控靶点,通过激活AMPK信号通路,促进其下游脂类分解代谢基因的表达,而抑制脂类合成基因的表达,减少氧化应激,降低脂肪的沉积,预防脂肪肝的发生,保护肝脏。
2、本产品主要由小檗碱、白藜芦醇、α-硫辛酸、姜黄素、槲皮素、虾青素和维生素E等组成的混合制剂。各组分配伍合理,安全高效,既能够发挥各自功效,又相辅相成,且具有协同增效作用,促进脂类的代谢,降低脂肪的积累。
3、本发明所用原材料来源广泛、安全可靠,制备工艺简单,生产成本较低,使用方便。
4、本产品耐高温,经过高温膨化制粒后,其有效成分含量仍保持在95%以上,适合在青鱼沉性颗粒饲料或浮性膨化饲料中添加使用,在饲料中的稳定性好。
5、本产品可长期在青鱼饲料中添加使用,无耐药性或药物残留,可提高鱼体免疫力与抗氧化能力,促进脂类分解代谢,减少脂肪沉积,起到降脂保肝的功效,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1 为添加剂对青鱼肝脏AMPK蛋白及其磷酸化表达的影响;
图2 为添加剂对青鱼肝脏AMPK通路脂分解代谢相关基因表达的影响;
图3 为添加剂对青鱼肝脏AMPK通路脂合成代谢相关基因表达的影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例一:
一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法,其组分以质量百分比计,用专用电子秤分别准确称取小檗碱0.2%、白藜芦醇3.5%、α-硫辛酸1.0%、姜黄素2.5%、槲皮素3.0%、虾青素2.0%、维生素E 0.5%、载体选玉米蛋白粉87.3%;将上述除载体外的各组分分别与等质量载体初步混匀,然后再次与等质量载体混合均匀;接着将所有物料放入V型混合机(转速25转/分)内混合均匀,然后用超微粉碎机进行粉碎,使粉碎后的所有物料全部通过100目筛网,再次在V型混合机内混合均匀,两次混合时间均为5分钟,即制成青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂,其在青鱼饲料中的质量添加量为1.0%。
实施例二:
一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法,其组分以质量百分比计,用专用电子秤分别准确称取小檗碱0.6%、白藜芦醇9.0%、α-硫辛酸6.0%、姜黄素4.0%、槲皮素6.0%、虾青素6.0%、维生素E 1.0%、载体选玉米蛋白粉67.4%;将上述除载体外的各组分分别与等质量载体初步混匀,然后再次与等质量载体混合均匀;接着将所有物料放入V型混合机(转速25转/分)内混合均匀,然后用超微粉碎机进行粉碎,使粉碎后的所有物料全部通过100目筛网,再次在V型混合机内混合均匀,两次混合时间均为5分钟,即制成青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂,其在青鱼饲料中的质量添加量为1.0%。
实施例三:
一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法,其组分以质量百分比计,用专用电子秤分别准确称取小檗碱1.0%、白藜芦醇6.0%、α-硫辛酸4.5%、姜黄素6.0%、槲皮素8.0%、虾青素4.0%、维生素E 1.5%,载体选玉米蛋白粉69.0%;将上述除载体外的各组分分别与等质量载体初步混匀,然后再次与等质量载体混合均匀;接着将所有物料放入V型混合机(转速25转/分)内混合均匀,然后用超微粉碎机进行粉碎,使粉碎后的所有物料全部通过100目筛网,再次在V型混合机内混合均匀,两次混合时间均为5分钟,即制成青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂,其在青鱼饲料中的质量添加量为1.0%。
实施例四:
一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法,其组分以质量百分比计,用专用电子秤分别准确称取小檗碱2.0%、白藜芦醇15.0%、α-硫辛酸9.5%、姜黄素9.0%、槲皮素12.0%、虾青素10.0%、维生素E 2.0%、载体选玉米蛋白粉40.5%;将上述除载体外的各组分分别与等质量载体初步混匀,然后再次与等质量载体混合均匀;接着将所有物料放入V型混合机(转速25转/分)内混合均匀,然后用超微粉碎机进行粉碎,使粉碎后的所有物料全部通过100目筛网,再次在V型混合机内混合均匀,两次混合时间均为5分钟,即制成青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂,其在青鱼饲料中的质量添加量为1.0%。
实验例:效果验证试验
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验设计与饲料制备
实验设计2个对照组和4个试验组,即正常脂饲料组(NFD,脂肪含量5.98%)和高脂饲料组(HFD,脂肪含量13.87%),并在高脂饲料中分别添加1%的实施例一至实施例四中降脂保肝饲料添加剂,共配制成6组等氮不等脂的饲料,分别记为:NFD、HFD、HFDT1、HFDT2、HFDT3、HFDT4,饲料粗蛋白质含量均为36%。每组饲料配方如表1所示,使用小型饲料颗粒机制成粒径3 mm的颗粒料,置于40℃烘箱烘干,于-20℃冰箱保存备用。
表1 实验饲料配方(风干基础,%)
1.2 青鱼分组与饲养管理
将试验青鱼驯化1周后,选择体格健壮、规格基本一致的青鱼幼鱼540尾,初体质量(13.56±0.03) g,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,饲养于室内18个循环水养殖桶(500 L)中。饲养期间,每天饱食投喂两次(7:30、17:00),每次投饲1小时后,收集残饵并烘干称重。通过气泵持续充气增氧,正式养殖试验持续60天。饲养期间水温为27℃~28℃,pH为7.2~7.8,溶解氧>6 mg/L,氨氮<0.01 mg/L。
1.3 样品采集与处理
饲养试验结束,禁食24 h后采样,将各桶鱼称重计数,每桶随机选取3尾体质量相近的青鱼,用浓度为100 mg/L的MS-222作快速深度麻醉,经称重和量体长后用一次性医用注射器从尾静脉采血,并制备血清,-80℃冻存备用。鱼体采血后立即剖开腹腔,剥离出内脏和肝脏并称重,取适量肝脏、肌肉和肠道等用于常规和分子生物学分析,用液氮速冻后于-80℃超低温冰箱保存。
1.4 数据处理与分析
实验数据用SPSS 20进行统计分析,两个对照组采用独立样本T检验法分析,高脂对照组和高脂添加降脂保肝添加剂组则采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和Tukey氏多重比较,P﹤0.05表示差异显著。实验结果以平均值±标准误(Means±SE)表示。
结 果
2.1 添加剂对青鱼生长性能的影响
表2 添加剂对青鱼生长及形体指标的影响
注:1 3个重复的平均值±SE(n = 3);2 9个样本的平均值±SE;同行数据中,*表示正常与高脂对照组差异显著(P<0.05);同一行数据中有不同上标字母者表示差异显著(P<0.05);相同字母或不标示者表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。
由表2可知,正常脂饲料组(NFD)青鱼增重率、特定生长率和存活率均显著高于高脂饲料组(HFD)的水平(P<0.05),而其肝体脂数、脏体指数和肥满度均显著低于HFD组的水平(P<0.05),但饲料系数在两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。在高脂饲料添加剂试验组中,青鱼在HFDT2、HFDT3组的增重率、特定生长率和存活率均高于HFD组的水平(P<0.05),而青鱼试验组的肝体脂数、脏体指数和肥满度均低于HFD组的水平(P<0.05);各组间饲料系数无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,在高脂饲料中添加实施例二、三的添加剂,可改善青鱼的生长性能。
2.2 添加剂对青鱼脂肪沉积的影响
由表3可知,HFD组青鱼全鱼及肝脏粗脂肪含量显著高于NFD组的水平,分别高33.54%、44.53(P<0.05),而两组间肌肉粗脂肪的水平无显著差异(P >0.05)。与HFD对照组相比,试验组青鱼全鱼及肝脏粗脂肪的含量均显著下降(P<0.05),其中全鱼粗脂肪含量在HFDT2、HFDT3组分别下降了21.32%、21.78%;肝脏粗脂肪含量在HFDT2、HFDT3组分别下降了18.93%、15.02%。各组间肌肉粗脂肪的含量无显著差异(P >0.05)。由此可见,在高脂饲料中添加实施例二、三的添加剂,可降低青鱼全鱼及肝脏脂肪沉积。
表3 添加剂对青鱼脂肪沉积的影响 (湿重 %)
注:表中值为平均值±SE,n = 9;*表示正常与高脂对照组差异显著(P<0.05);同一行数据中有不同上标字母者表示差异显著(P<0.05);相同字母或不标示者表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下同
2.3 添加剂对青鱼血清脂代谢相关指标的影响
表4 添加剂对青鱼血清脂代谢相关指标的影响
由表4可知,HFD组青鱼血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量以及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性均显著高于NFD组的水平,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量则显著低于NFD组的水平(P<0.05)。与HFD对照组相比,试验组青鱼血清TG、TC、NEFA、LDL-C、ALT和AST的水平均显著下降,而血清HDL-C的水平显著上升(P<0.05),其中在HFDT2、HFDT3组中表现效果较好。由此可见,在高脂饲料中添加实施例二、三的添加剂,可降低青鱼血脂水平,对肝功能有较好的保护作用。
2.4 添加剂对青鱼肝脏抗氧化指标的影响
由表5可知,HFD组青鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性均显著低于NFD组的水平,而丙二醛(MDA)的含量则显著高于NFD组的水平(P<0.05)。与HFD对照组相比,试验组青鱼肝脏SOD、CAT、GPx和GR的活性均显著升高,而肝脏MDA的含量显著下降(P<0.05),其中在HFDT2、HFDT3组的抗氧化效果较好。由此可见,在高脂饲料中添加实施例二、三的添加剂,可提高青鱼肝脏的抗氧化能力。
表5 添加剂对青鱼肝脏抗氧化指标的影响
2.5 添加剂对青鱼肝脏AMPK蛋白及其磷酸化表达的影响
如图1所示,HFD组青鱼肝脏AMPK蛋白及其磷酸化的表达水平均显著低于NFD组的水平(P<0.05)。与HFD对照组相比,试验组青鱼肝脏AMPK蛋白及其磷酸化的表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05),其中在HFDT2、HFDT3组AMPK蛋白及其磷酸化的表达水平最高。由此可见,在高脂饲料中添加实施例二、三的添加剂,可提高青鱼肝脏AMPK蛋白及其磷酸化的表达水平,有助于通过激活AMPK信号通路促进脂肪的降解。
2.6 添加剂对青鱼肝脏AMPK通路脂代谢相关基因表达的影响
如图2所示,AMPK通路脂分解代谢相关基因:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT-1)、酯酰辅酶A氧化酶(ACOX)、甘油三酯脂肪酶(ATGL)、激素敏感脂酶(HSL)。HFD组青鱼肝脏上述脂分解代谢基因(除ATGL外)的表达水平均显著低于NFD组的水平(P<0.05)。与HFD对照组相比,试验组青鱼肝脏上述脂分解代谢基因的表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05),其中在HFDT2、HFDT3组脂分解代谢相关基因的表达水平较高。由此可见,在高脂饲料中添加实施例二、三的添加剂,可提高青鱼肝脏脂类的分解水平,从而降低肝脂的沉积。
如图3所示,AMPK通路脂合成代谢相关基因:固醇调节元件结合蛋白-l(SREBP-1)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1(ACC1)、甘油磷酸酰基转移酶(GPAT)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)。HFD组青鱼肝脏上述脂合成代谢基因的表达水平均显著高于NFD组的水平(P<0.05)。与HFD对照组相比,试验组青鱼肝脏上述脂合成代谢基因的表达水平均显著下降(P<0.05),其中在HFDT2、HFDT3组脂合成代谢相关基因的表达水平较低。由此可见,在高脂饲料中添加实施例二、三的添加剂,可降低青鱼肝脏脂类的合成,从而降低脂肪的沉积。
结 论
本发明提供了一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法,可以改善青鱼的生长性能,通过激活AMPK通路,促进脂类分解代谢,增强鱼体抗氧化能力,减少脂肪沉积,起到降脂保肝的功效,具有广阔的应用前景。
以上所述实验例仅为本发明实施例的效果验证试验而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂,其特征在于,按照质量百分比计,包括以下组分:小檗碱0.2~2.5%、白藜芦醇3.5~15.0%、α-硫辛酸1.0~9.5%、姜黄素2.5~9.0%、槲皮素3.0~12.0%、虾青素2.0~10.0%、维生素E 0.5~2.5%,其余为载体填充物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的青鱼降脂保肝的功能性饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述小檗碱为纯度≥98%的产品;所述白藜芦醇、α-硫辛酸均为纯度≥99%的产品;所述姜黄素、槲皮素均为纯度≥95%的产品;所述虾青素为天然虾青素(从雨生红球藻中提取的暗红色粉末),是虾青素含量5%的产品;所述维生素E是含量为50%的DL-α-生育酚醋酸酯;所述的载体填充物选自玉米蛋白粉、脱脂米糠、麸皮或小麦粉。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照配比的质量百分数,通过专用电子秤分别准确称量:小檗碱0.2~2.5%、白藜芦醇3.5~15.0%、α-硫辛酸1.0~9.5%、姜黄素2.5~9.0%、槲皮素3.0~12.0%、虾青素2.0~10.0%、维生素E 0.5~2.5%及载体的用量;
(2)将上述除载体外的各组分分别与等质量载体初步混匀,然后再次与等质量载体混合均匀;接着将所有物料放入小型混合机中进行充分混合均匀,然后用超微粉碎机进行粉碎,使粉碎后的所有物料全部通过100~120目筛网,再次混合均匀后,即可得到青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,混合机混合物料的混合时间为3~8分钟/次,且混合机转速为18-32转/分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂的用途,其特征在于,所述降脂保肝饲料添加剂在青鱼饲料中的质量添加量为0.5%-2.5%。
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