CN117044846B - 一种巴浪鱼饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种巴浪鱼饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种巴浪鱼饲料添加剂及其制备方法,属于水产饲料添加剂技术领域。所述巴浪鱼饲料添加剂包括白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱,按质量比(3‑5)∶(2‑4)∶(2‑4)∶(2‑3)∶(2‑3)∶(2‑4)∶(1‑3)混合均匀即可。将本发明制备的添加剂添加到巴浪鱼基础日粮中,其适宜添加量为基础日粮的1wt%。实验证实,本发明的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,不仅可以降低巴浪鱼应激反应,提高巴浪鱼的生长性能、消化吸收能力、免疫力和肌肉品质,而且无毒副作用、环境友好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产饲料添加剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种巴浪鱼饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
巴浪鱼,学名叫蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi),是一种海水鱼类。由于其生长快、无肌间骨、肉质鲜美,吸引了许多消费者,具有极高的市场价值。然而,巴浪鱼野性较大,应激反应强烈。高密度的集约化养殖往往更容易引起巴浪鱼过度的应激反应,降低其生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫力。此外,巴浪鱼鱼肉中含有极其丰富的不饱脂肪酸和氨基酸,鱼肉在储存过程中极易受到活性氧攻击,引起脂质和蛋白质氧化,产生不良化合物,如一些醛(如醛、己醛和苯甲醛)、酮和醇,由于细胞和遗传毒性对人类健康产生不利影响。因此,如何提高巴浪鱼抗氧化能力以及如何提升肌肉品质,一直是困扰本领域技术人员的难题,提高巴浪鱼抗氧化能力和肌肉品质也对提高其养殖效率和盈利能力具有重要意义。
饲料是决定养殖鱼类肉质口感的关键,选择合适的饲料添加剂是有效改善鱼肉品质的重要措施之一。目前,许多合成或天然的饲料添加剂被加入饲料中,通过提高鱼肉的抗氧化能力来提高肉质。然而,随着消费者健康意识的提高,合成饲料添加剂使用的越来越少。因此,能够提高肉质的天然添加剂在水产养殖和食品科学中引起了越来越多的关注。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种巴浪鱼饲料添加剂及其制备方法,该巴浪鱼饲料添加剂可以降低巴浪鱼应激反应,提高巴浪鱼生长性能、消化吸收能力、免疫力和肌肉品质。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,包括以下原料:白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱。
优选地,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为(3-5)∶(2-4)∶(2-4)∶(2-3)∶(2-3)∶(2-4)∶(1-3)。
优选地,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为3∶2∶2∶3∶3∶4∶3。
优选地,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为4∶3∶3∶2.5∶2.5∶3∶2。
优选地,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为5∶4∶4∶2∶2∶2∶1。
白藜芦醇是一种多酚化合物,可以从各种植物中分离出来,包括葡萄、蓝莓、覆盆子和花生。白藜芦醇作为一种抗氧化营养素,由于其抗氧化生物学特性,能通过增强肌肉抗氧化能力来抑制巴浪鱼脂质和蛋白质氧化进而提高巴浪鱼肉质。白藜芦醇被摄入体内后会进入肠道与肠道菌群发生交互作用,并靶向调控肠道菌群影响巴浪鱼的脂质代谢,改善肌肉品质。
肉桂醛是一种醛类有机化合物,大量存在于肉桂等植物体内,它能增加饲料的香味,引诱动物进食,具有诱食作用。肉桂醛还能促进巴浪鱼肌肉生长,提高巴浪鱼的肌肉品质,包括营养价值和感官品质。
槲皮素是一种类黄酮化合物,存在于各种各样的蔬菜和水果中。槲皮素可以改善巴浪鱼的生长性能和免疫力,并能提高巴浪鱼的肌肉感官品质、质地和整体可接受性。
姜黄素主要来源于姜黄,可以降低巴浪鱼应激反应,提高巴浪鱼的抗应激能力,同时还可以增加巴浪鱼的抗氧化能力、保持细胞膜完整性和通过增加持水能力来提高其肉质。
虾青素是一种脂溶性酮式类胡萝卜素,具有非常高的抗氧化能力,比β-胡萝卜素高十倍,比α-生育酚高300倍。虾青素可以显著提高巴浪鱼抗应激能力,也可增强抗氧化能力,清除活性氧降低脂质过氧化作用,有效地抑制自由基引发的脂质过氧化。
大蒜素是大蒜的主要生物活性成分的总称,其中最为主要的活性成分是一种二烯丙基二硫化物,它能够有效抑制巴浪鱼体内细菌以及病毒的滋生,从而起到抗击病毒,抑菌的作用。此外,它还能够作为诱食剂促进食欲,降低饲料系数。
甜菜碱是一种生物碱,化学名称为N,N,N-三甲基甘氨酸,首先作为甜菜中的天然副产物被发现,然后被证明在许多植物,微生物,海洋无脊椎动物和动物中广泛分布。甜菜碱不仅是重要营养素,具有诱食功能,还可以提高巴浪鱼摄食量、生长性能和成活率。此外,甜菜碱还可以通过增加抗氧化酶(例如超氧化物歧化酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,谷胱甘肽转移酶)来调节氧化应激和炎症,以及改善免疫功能。
本发明提供了一种以白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱为成分的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,通过合理地调控各原料的用量比,使得各原料之间发生协同作用,实现提高巴浪鱼生长性能、抗应激能力、消化吸收能力、免疫力和肌肉品质的目的,具体原理如下:白藜芦醇、大蒜素、姜黄素、虾青素和甜菜碱协同作用,通过增强肌肉抗氧化能力,进而增加巴浪鱼的抗氧化性能;白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素和姜黄素协同作用,影响巴浪鱼的脂质代谢水平,促进巴浪鱼肌肉生长,改善肌肉品质,进而提高巴浪鱼的营养价值和感官品质;虾青素和甜菜碱可以提高巴浪鱼的抗应激能力;白藜芦醇、槲皮素、大蒜素和甜菜碱协同作用,可以改善巴浪鱼的免疫功能和成活率;肉桂醛、大蒜素和甜菜碱还可以起到诱食功能,提高巴浪鱼摄食量、生长性能和成活率。
优选地,本发明的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,还包括以下原料:羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉。
优选地,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素、甜菜碱、羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉的质量比为(3-5)∶(2-4)∶(2-4)∶(2-3)∶(2-3)∶(2-4)∶(1-3)∶(0.01-0.03)∶0.03。由于白藜芦醇存在代谢迅速,生物利用度低的问题。加入羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉后,含有此类饲料添加剂的饲料被巴浪鱼吞食,由于在吞食过程中饲料会遇水,进入体内后会变成微丸状态,极大增加其在吸收器官中分布的面积,可以解决白藜芦醇生物利用度低的问题。此外,羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉的添加还可以提高饲料容重,降低颗粒含粉率,还可以与部分原料发生协同作用,代谢生成一系列生物活性产物(如使白藜芦醇代谢生成葡萄糖醛酸苷、硫酸白藜芦醇缀合物以及双氢白藜芦醇等),生成优势菌群,调控巴浪鱼肠道内优势菌种类,降低潜在致病性,提高巴浪鱼的肌肉品质和营养价值。
优选地,本发明的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,还包括以下原料:凝结芽孢杆菌。凝结芽孢杆菌可产生淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶等多种消化酶,同时还会产生部分益生菌,通过促进营养物质的消化吸收、调节消化道的微生态平衡及增强免疫能力与抗病能力进而促进巴浪鱼健康生长。
优选地,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素、甜菜碱和凝结芽孢杆菌的质量比为5∶4∶4∶2∶2∶2∶1∶0.001。
一种所述的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂的制备方法,按质量比称取所述原料,将各原料混合均匀,即可得到所述巴浪鱼饲料添加剂。
一种所述的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂在改善巴浪鱼性能中的应用,将所述巴浪鱼饲料添加剂与巴浪鱼基础日粮混合后饲喂巴浪鱼。
优选地,所述巴浪鱼饲料添加剂在所述巴浪鱼基础日粮的添加量为1wt%。本发明的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂的原料协同作用,可以大幅度改善巴浪鱼的生长能力、抗氧化能力、免疫力和肌肉品质等特征,因此只需较少的添加量就可以得到较好的效果。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和技术效果:
由于单一饲料添加剂的功能具有局限性,且单一饲料添加剂添加量过大反而会产生负面效果,而不同的饲料添加剂的互相配比能够对巴浪鱼的生长、抗氧化能力、免疫力和肌肉品质等特征产生互补协同作用,因此,本发明提供一种以白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱为成分的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,提高巴浪鱼的生长性能、抗氧化状态和免疫功能,改善巴浪鱼肌肉品质,对养殖巴浪鱼的健康可持续发展具有非常重要的意义。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为添加实施例1-3及对比例1-4的饲料添加剂的饲料饲喂巴浪鱼后,巴浪鱼的肌肉组织显微结构;
图2为添加实施例1-3及对比例1-4的饲料添加剂的饲料饲喂巴浪鱼后,巴浪鱼的肌纤维直径(0-40μm)占比;
图3为添加实施例1-3及对比例1-4的饲料添加剂的饲料饲喂巴浪鱼后,巴浪鱼的肌纤维直径(40-80μm)占比;
图4为添加实施例1-3及对比例1-4的饲料添加剂的饲料饲喂巴浪鱼后,巴浪鱼的肌纤维直径(80-120μm)占比。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值,以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
本发明的各原料均可通过购买得到,典型不限制的下述实施例中的白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱均购自上海麦克林公司。
在本发明的实施例中,膨化颗粒料的制备方法为本领域的常规技术手段,且并非本发明重点,在此不做赘述。
在本发明的实施例中,所用淀粉为玉米淀粉,购自玉锋实业集团有限公司。
本发明实施例中的凝结芽孢杆菌的保藏编号为CGMCC No.25623,购自中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心。
实施例1
按照白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为3∶2∶2∶3∶3∶4∶3准确称取上述原料,混合均匀得到巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,记为实验组1。
实施例2
按照白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为4∶3∶3∶2.5∶2.5∶3∶2准确称取上述原料,混合均匀得到巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,记为实验组2。
实施例3
按照白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为5∶4∶4∶2∶2∶2∶1准确称取上述原料,混合均匀得到巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,记为实验组3。
对比例1
同实施例3,区别仅在于未加入白藜芦醇。
对比例2
同实施例3,区别仅在于未加入姜黄素。
对比例3
同实施例3,区别仅在于未加入大蒜素。
对比例4
按照白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为1∶10∶1∶1∶1∶1∶5准确称取上述原料,混合均匀得到巴浪鱼饲料添加剂。
为了探究在饲料中添加巴浪鱼饲料添加剂对巴浪鱼的影响,根据巴浪鱼生长性能,在巴浪鱼基础日粮中加入上述饲料添加剂,基础日粮成分如表1所示。先筛分不同基础日粮成分,并彻底混合。随后,将1kg粉末基础日粮混合物与上述饲料添加剂充分混合(每组饲料添加剂占基础日粮的1wt%),制成膨化颗粒料,晾干,得到4种巴浪鱼配合饲料。将巴浪鱼以自然的明暗循环保存在室外网箱中2周,以适应实验环境。在此期间,每天喂食2次(08:00和17:00)至饱食状态。随后,将720条鱼(每条鱼平均重量19.23±3.17g)随机分配到24个实验网箱(2×1×1米),每网箱30条鱼,将24个实验网箱随机分为8组,每组3个实验网箱,其中3组分别饲喂含有实施例1-3饲料添加剂的配合饲料,分别为实验组1、实验组2以及实验组3,其中一组只饲喂基础日粮(作为对照组),另外4组分别饲喂含有对比例1-4饲料添加剂的配合饲料,在实验过程中,溶解氧保持在8.0mg/L,pH值保持在7.5±0.3,水温保持在24-27℃。试验养殖期为8周。上述的巴浪鱼配合饲料中,粗蛋白的质量分数为55.67-56.36%,粗脂肪的质量分数为17.16-17.95%;其中维生素混合物和矿物质混合物均购自广东联鲲集团有限公司。
表1基础日粮成分表
养殖8周后,在施用苯佐卡因麻醉之前,将每个网箱中的巴浪鱼禁食12小时,然后进行相关性能测试。
一、对巴浪鱼血清抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响
然后,称量每条巴浪鱼的体长体重,结合饲料消耗量,计算出巴浪鱼的生长参数,包括增重率(WGR)、肥满度(CF)、内脏指数(VSI)、肝脏指数(HSI)、饵料系数(FCR)、腹部脂肪指数(ABI)和成活率(SR)。
其中,增重率(WGR)%=(最终重量-初始重量)/初始重量×100;
肥满度(CF)%=体重/体长3;
内脏指数(VSI)%=内脏重/体重×100;
肝脏指数(HSI)%=肝脏重/体重×100;
饵料系数(FCR)=总饲料摄入量/(最终体重-初始体重);
腹部脂肪指数(ABI)%=腹部脂肪重/体重×100;
成活率(SR)%=最终存活鱼总数量/初始鱼总数量×100;
实验结果如表2所示。
表2生长性能
注:同行不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。
由表2可知,将实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂加入到巴浪鱼饲料中,提高了巴浪鱼的增重率,并且降低了饵料系数。因此,可以知晓本发明制备的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,能显著提高巴浪鱼的生长性能和饲料效率。
二、对巴浪鱼应激反应的影响
从每个网箱中随机选择3条巴浪鱼,抽血,进行生化分析,实验结果见表3。
表3血液指标
如表3所示,实验组1-3中巴浪鱼血清皮质醇含量、葡萄糖和钠离子浓度显著降低,降低了巴浪鱼应激反应。
三、对巴浪鱼血液参数的影响
从每个网箱中随机选择3条巴浪鱼(即每组9条巴浪鱼,取平均值),抽血,进行生化分析。利用商业试剂盒(南京建成生物,中国)测定血清生化参数,包括总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、补体C3(C3)、补体C4(C4)、溶菌酶(Lysozyme),实验结果见表4。
表4血液指标
由上述内容可知,实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能显著提高巴浪鱼血清总抗氧化能力,SOD和CAT活力。此外巴浪鱼饲料添加剂还能提高巴浪鱼血清中TP和C3含量以及溶菌酶活力,增强巴浪鱼免疫力。
四、对巴浪鱼肌肉常规营养成分的影响
养殖8周后,从每个网箱中随机选择6条巴浪鱼(即每组18条巴浪鱼,取平均值),采肌肉样品,采用中国国家标准法测定了鱼肌肉的粗蛋白质(GB/T 6432-1994)、粗脂肪(GB/T6433-2006(Class B))、粗灰分(GB/T 6438-2007)、氨基酸(GB/T 5009.124-2016)、脂肪酸(GB5009.168-2016)和水分(and GB/T 6435-2014/8.1)。实验结果见表5-7。
表5肌肉常规营养成分
由上述内容可知,实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能显著提高巴浪鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量,提高巴浪鱼营养价值。
表6肌肉氨基酸组成
由上述内容可知,实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能显著提高巴浪鱼肌肉风味氨基酸和总氨基酸含量,提高肌肉营养价值和风味。
表7肌肉脂肪酸组成
由上述内容可知,实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能显著提高巴浪鱼肌肉n-3不饱和脂肪酸含量和n-3/n-6PUFA,提高肌肉营养价值。
五、对巴浪鱼肌肉生化参数的影响
养殖8周后,从每个网箱中随机选择6条巴浪鱼(即每组18条巴浪鱼,取平均值),采肌肉样品,利用商业试剂盒(南京建成生物,中国)测定肌肉生化参数,包括总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、硫代巴比妥酸活性物种(TBARS)、蛋白质碳基(PC),实验结果见表8。
表8肌肉生化参数
由上述内容可知,实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能显著提高巴浪鱼肌肉总抗氧化能力和SOD活力,并降低TBARS和PC值,减少了脂质和蛋白质氧化产物的生成,提高巴浪鱼肌肉抗氧化能力。
六、对巴浪鱼肌肉感官品质参数的影响
养殖8周后,从每个网箱中随机选择6条巴浪鱼(即每组18条巴浪鱼,取平均值),采肌肉样品,用pH Meter(PHSJ-3F,Leici,中国)在鱼片15min和24小时测定pH。用色度计(LS172,深圳,中国)测量15min和24小时时的肉色,包括L*(亮度)、a*(红色)和b*(黄色)。通过测量同一肌肉3次,获得平均颜色值。用Univeral TA质构仪(中国上海腾技仪器科技有限公司,中国)测定肌肉剪切力。此外还测量了滴水损重,实验结果见表9。
表9肌肉品质参数
由上述内容可知,实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能显著提高巴浪鱼肌肉放置24小时的pH值,并减少滴水损失,烹饪损失和b*值,提高巴浪鱼肌肉感官品质。
七、对巴浪鱼肌肉质构参数的影响
从每个网箱中随机选择6条巴浪鱼,每个组18条巴浪鱼,取每组随机选中的巴浪鱼侧线鳞以上的背部肌肉切成大小相等的鱼块(2cm×2cm×1cm)。用Univeral TA质构仪(中国上海腾技仪器科技有限公司,中国)测定肌肉质构参数:硬度(gf)、咀嚼性(g)、弹性、胶黏性(gf)、粘性(gf/mm)和粘聚性。测定结果见表10。
表10
由上述内容可知,实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能显著降低巴浪鱼肌肉硬度,咀嚼性和胶着性,提高巴浪鱼肌肉嫰度。
八、对巴浪鱼肠道内容物短链脂肪酸含量的检测
检测巴浪鱼肠道内容物短链脂肪酸含量,结果见表11。
表11肠道短链脂肪酸代谢物
由上述内容可知,实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能显著增加巴浪鱼肠道乙酸,丙酸和丁酸的含量,由于丙酸和丁酸对机体有着重要的生物学作用,对于肠道、肝脏以及肌肉的健康都必不可少。乙酸主要在肌肉和肝脏中代谢,膳食中补充乙酸可以降低餐后血糖和胰岛素反应。丙酸主要被肝脏吸收,可以抑制肝胆固醇的合成,减少肝脏脂肪积累,还能降低血糖和胰岛素水平。丁酸利用率最高,对维持肠道内环境稳定,预防肠炎起到重要作用,此外丁酸还能增强肌肉抗氧化能力,提高肌肉品质。因此,实验组1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能通过增加巴浪鱼肠道乙酸,丙酸和丁酸的含量进而改善巴浪鱼机体健康和肌肉品质。
实施例1-3及对比例1-4的饲料添加剂组成的饲料饲喂巴浪鱼后,巴浪鱼的肌肉显微结构见图1;实施例1-3及对比例1-4的饲料添加剂组成的饲料饲喂巴浪鱼后,巴浪鱼的肌纤维直径(0-40μm)占比见图2;实施例1-3及对比例1-4的饲料添加剂组成的饲料饲喂巴浪鱼后,巴浪鱼的肌纤维直径(40-80μm)占比见图3;实施例1-3及对比例1-4的饲料添加剂组成的饲料饲喂巴浪鱼后,巴浪鱼的肌纤维直径(80-120μm)占比见图4,可知,实施例1-3的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂能显著增加巴浪鱼肌纤维直径,促进肌肉生长,提高肌肉品质。
实施例4
按照白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素、甜菜碱、羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉的质量比为5∶4∶4∶2∶2∶2∶1∶0.01∶0.03准确称取上述原料,混合均匀得到巴浪鱼饲料添加剂。
实施例5
按照白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素、甜菜碱、羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉的质量比为4∶3∶3∶2∶2.5∶2.5∶2∶0.03∶0.03准确称取上述原料,混合均匀得到巴浪鱼饲料添加剂。
按照基础日粮的1wt%在基础日粮中加入实施例3-5得到的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,制成膨化颗粒配合饲料,冷却1h后,采取四分法取5kg(每组各取5kg)配合饲料样品,测试配合饲料的容重、含粉率及粉化率(每个饲料样品做3个平行),纯基础日粮制成的膨化颗粒饲料作为对照组(C)。
容重:在容积为1L纸板盒中倒入配合饲料颗粒,将超出纸板盒边缘的颗粒用直尺削平,准确称量纸板盒内所装饲料质量(m1),质量(m1)与容积(V1)之比即为容重。
容重(g/L)=m1/V1×100
硬度:从每批保存的颗粒饲料中四分法取出30g样品,从中随机取25粒6mm以上的大小均匀的饲料样品,采用GWJ-Ⅱ型颗粒饲料硬度计测定饲料硬度,记录饲料样品断裂时压力计显示数值,结果取平均数。
含粉率:取1.5kg饲料样品(m2),放置在10目(孔径1.4mm)的金属筛中手动筛分,称量筛下物重量(m3)。筛下物重量占试样总重的百分比,即为含粉率。
含粉率(%)=m3/m2×100
粉化率:将测定完含粉率之后的筛上物分别取500g,记录装入样品重(m4),装入ST-136颗粒粉化率测定仪两侧回转箱内,箱体转5000次停机以后取出,用10目金属筛手动筛分,分别称量筛下物重量(m5),计算两个粉化率,取平均值。
粉化率(%)=m4/m5×100
结果见表12。
表12
由上述内容可知,加入羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉后,可以提高饲料容重和硬度,降低含粉率。
经检测,实施例4和实施例5的巴浪鱼的肠道菌群与实施例3的相比,肠道的操作分类单元(OTU)数量以及厚壁菌门丰度有所提高,乙酰杆菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌和甲基杆菌的比例增加,链球菌科菌种的比例降低。羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉加入后,还可以与添加剂中的部分原料发生协同作用,促进其产生一系列生物活性产物(如使白藜芦醇代谢生成葡萄糖醛酸苷、硫酸白藜芦醇缀合物以及双氢白藜芦醇等)改变肠道中的微生物组成,调控巴浪鱼肠道内优势菌种类,进而提高巴浪鱼的肌肉品质和营养价值。
实施例6
按照白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素、甜菜碱和凝结芽孢杆菌的质量比为5∶4∶4∶2∶2∶2∶1∶0.001准确称取上述原料,混合均匀得到巴浪鱼饲料添加剂。
按照与实施例1-3的相同方法制备成配合饲料,饲喂巴浪鱼,饲喂方法同上,部分结果见表13。经测试,较实施例3相比,本实施例巴浪鱼的增重率提高11.48%、饵料系数降低12.4%、肥满度降低5.3%,肌肉总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)提高6.1%,24h烹饪损失降低10.2%。
表13
以上,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,其特征在于,由以下原料构成:白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素、甜菜碱、羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉和凝结芽孢杆菌;
白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为(3-5)∶(2-4)∶(2-4)∶(2-3)∶(2-3)∶(2-4)∶(1-3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,其特征在于,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为3∶2∶2∶3∶3∶4∶3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,其特征在于,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为4∶3∶3∶2.5∶2.5∶3∶2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,其特征在于,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素和甜菜碱的质量比为5∶4∶4∶2∶2∶2∶1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂,其特征在于,白藜芦醇、肉桂醛、槲皮素、姜黄素、虾青素、大蒜素、甜菜碱、羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉的质量比为(3-5)∶(2-4)∶(2-4)∶(2-3)∶(2-3)∶(2-4)∶(1-3)∶(0.01-0.03)∶0.03。
6.一种权利要求1-5任一项所述的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,按质量比称取所述原料,将各原料混合均匀,即可得到所述巴浪鱼饲料添加剂。
7.一种权利要求1-5任一项所述的巴浪鱼饲料添加剂在制备改善巴浪鱼性能的饲料中的应用,其特征在于,将所述巴浪鱼饲料添加剂与巴浪鱼基础日粮混合后饲喂巴浪鱼。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述巴浪鱼饲料添加剂在所述巴浪鱼基础日粮中的添加量为1wt%。
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CN114886058A (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-08-12 | 湖州师范学院 | 一种青鱼降脂保肝饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
CN116546887A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-08-04 | 卢斯塔公司 | 用于增加水生动物的ω-3/ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸比率的饲料添加剂 |
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JPH0670698A (ja) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-03-15 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | 養魚飼料添加剤および養魚飼料 |
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